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INDONESIA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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EFFECT OF POTASSIUM ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CITRONELLA GRASS Gusmaini Gusmaini; M. Syakir
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 1 (2020): June, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n1.2020.32-39

Abstract

Citronella grass nowadays are developed in the highland that dominated by Andosol soil type. Thus, it is important to find out the proper fertilizer dosage, especially potassium, for citronella grass cultivation in Andosol soil. This study aimed to obtain the optimal of potassium dosage for growth, production and quality of Citronella grass oil. It was conducted at Manoko research station in Lembang, Bandung West Java from July 2014 to August 2015. This research was arranged in randomized block design, with 5 treatments and 5 replication. The treatments consisted of 5 potassium dosages: 1) without potassium, 2) 30 kg/ha K2O, 2) 60 kg/ha K2O, 3) 90 kg/ha K2O, and 5) 120 kg/ha K2O. The application of potassium on Andosol enhanced plant growth, production and oil yield significantly.  However, it did not affect the quality of citronella grass oil (citronella and oil content) significantly. The application of 30 kg/ha K2O in citronella grass cultivation on Andosol has the best result. The oil yield was 1.20% (the 1st harvest), 1.28% (The 2nd harvest) and 1.23% (the 3rd harvest), with yield increment 6.9-7.5%. Oil content was 1,40-1,70%. The K nutrient uptake also improved around 11.76%. Citronella content from all treatments ranged from 36.97-37.68%. This result suggested that the low dosage of potassium in Andosol was sufficient to enhance primary metabolites process (indicated by growth and yield). However, it had no direct effect on the secondary metabolite process (represented by essential oil and citronella content). Based on the soil analysis after trial, the K residues in the soil was still high. However, its availability for the plants had to be tested further.Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus, citronella content, oil content, oil yield, potassium.
POTENCY OF BLACK TEA FILTRATE AS UV PROTECTANT TO S/NPV JTM 97 C IN CONTROLLING HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA ON SOYBEAN Anella Retna Kumala Sari; Tiara Eka Ariestantia; Fery Abdul Choliq
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 1 (2020): June, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n1.2020.40-48

Abstract

Helicoverpa armigera is the important pest on soybean which  usually controlled by chemical insecticide spraying, so it should be replaced by naturally control using biological agents such as Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (S/NPV) JTM 97 C. It has some weakness such as during it’s applied in the field the effectiveness can become decreased after exposure the sunlight, especially ultraviolet (UV) so it needs the protective material, such as black tea filtrate which is known containing epigallocatechin gallate, caffeic acid, and apigenin which have role as UV protectors. This research aimed to investigate the potential of black tea filtrate to protect the S/NPV JTM 97 C from UV in controlling of H. armigera. The research was conducted in Pests and Diseases Laboratory on Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI), Kendalpayak, Malang from January to June 2015. The research used Completely Randomized Design with seven treatments and four replications. They were S/NPV JTM 97 C without UV protectant as control (P1), S/NPV JTM 97 C + kaolin as comparison (P2), S/NPV JTM 97 C + black tea  filtrate concentration 0.5 (P3), 1.0 (P4), 1.5 (P5), 2 (P6), and 2.5% (P7). Results showed that all of the protective materials of black tea filtrate were unable to provide mortality of H. armigera larvae better than kaolin. Kaolin can cause mortality of H. armigera larvae up to 82,50%. All of Black tea filtrate concentrations tested were not able  to be used as  protectant of  S/NPV JTM 97 C due to it can only cause mortality of H. armigera up to 47,50% .  Keywords: Entomopathogenic virus,  LC50, protectant material,  pest.
EFFECTIVITY OF DRYING METHODS TO MINIMIZE AFLATOXIN OF DRIED NUTMEG Sembiring, Bagem BR.; Supriadi, Supriadi; Ediningsih, Ediningsih
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 1 (2020): June, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n1.2020.1-10

Abstract

Indonesian nutmeg export is constrained due to aflatoxin content that exceeds the minimum limit. This study was aimed at examining the effectiveness of three drying types of nutmeg to diminish aflatoxin contamination. The three drying types tested were (a) the rack type house with a source of solar energy heat combined with a kerosene stove fire, (b) the drying bases one meter above the ground with or without a black cloth cover, and (c) the floor drying 5 cm above the ground with or without black cloth cover. Unpeeled nutmegs were dried in the drying racks until they dried (sound when shaken by hand). After that they were. peeled and redried in the same type of dryer. Observation parameters included temperature, humidity, drying time, moisture content, oil content, oleoresin, myristicin, and aflatoxin content. The results showed that the drying time in the house-type drying rack was 51.5 hours, longer than the para-para and drying floor (30 hours). The temperature during drying in the drying house was 35.6-37.310C lower than the other two types of dryers. However, its humidity was the highest (40.71-49.33%). The moisture content of shelled nutmegs and peeled nutmegs from all drying types fulfill the requirements (< 10%). The total aflatoxin contamination in shelled nutmegs and peeled nutmegs was < 3.28 µg/kg, while B1 aflatoxin was < 1.06 µg/kg, so that they fulfilled SNI standard. All three drying types can be recommended to be tested further in field scale.Keywords: Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, drying technology, seed quality.
ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK PLASMA NUTFAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacaoL.) BERDASARKANMARKA SSR / Analysis of Genetic Variability Germplasm of Cacao (Theobroma cacaoL.)Basedon SSR Marker Surti Kurniasih; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Asep Setiawan; Agus Purwantara; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.156-162

Abstract

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have proven to be an excellent tool for cultivar identification, pedigree analysis, and genetic distance evaluations among organisms. The objectives of this research were to characterize cacao collection of Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute (ICCRI) and to analyze their genetic diversity using SSR markers. In this research, 39 SSR primer pairs were used to amplify genomic DNA of 29 cacao clones. Amplified SSR fragments for each primer pair were scored as individual band and used to determine genetic distance among evaluated cacao clones. Results of the experiment indicated that all SSR primer pairs evaluated were able to produce SSR markers for 29 cacao clones. The results also indicated that 34 out of 39 microsatellite loci evaluated were polymorphic, while 5 others were monomorphic. The total number of observed alleles among 29 clones was 132. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 4-8, with an average of 5.5 alelles per locus. Results of data analysis indicated that the PIC value was 0.665, the observed heterozigosity (Ho) was 0.651, and the gene diversity (He) was 0.720. The PIC, Ho, and He values were considered high. Genetic distances were evaluated using NTSys version 2.1 and dendrogram was constructed. Results of analysis indicated that 12 cacao clones evaluated were clustered in the first group with diversity coefficient of < 3.75. Nine cacao clones were in the second group but with the same value of diversity coefficient (<7.50). The rest of the cacao clones were in the third group with diversity coefficient of>7.50. Based on those finding, all SSR primer pairs evaluated could be used to analyze cacao genome and be useful for genetic diversity analysis of cacao germplasm. The SSR marker analysis in ICCRI cacao collections resulted in high PIC, high observed heterozygosity, and high genetic diversity.Key words: Theobroma cacao L, microsatelite, molecular marker, genetic diversity, heterozygosity AbstrakMarka mikrosatelit atau sekuens sederhana berulang (simple sequence repeat = SSR) terbukti merupakan alat yang bagus untuk identifikasi kultivar, analisis pedigree, dan evaluasi jarak genetik berbagai organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:1) karakterisasi kakao koleksi Pusat penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia menggunakan marka SSR dan 2) analisis keragaman genetik klon-klon kakao koleksi dengan menggunakan marka SSR. Dalam penelitian ini, 39 pasangan primer SSR telah digunakan untuk amplifikasi DNA genomik dari 29 klon kakao. Skoring pita SSR hasil amplifikasi menggunakan masing-masing pasangan primer dilakukan secara terpisah dan digunakan untuk menentukan jarak genetik di antara klon kakao yang dievaluasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua pasangan primer SSR yang digunakan mampu menghasilkan pita DNA hasil amplifikasi (marka SSR) untuk 29 klon kakao yang diuji. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa 34 dari 39 lokus SSR yang dianalisis bersifat polimorfik sedangkan lima primer yang lain bersifat monomorfik. Dari 29 klon kakao yang dievaluasi, telah berhasil diamplifikasi sebanyak 132 alel, dengan kisaran antara 4-8 alel/lokus. Rataan jumlah alel per lokus sebanyak 5,50. Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan juga menunjukkan nilai PIC untuk marka SSR yang digunakan sebesar 0,665. Untuk populasi klon kakao yang dievaluasi, diperoleh nilai rataan heterosigositas pengamatan (Ho) sebesar 0,651 dan rataan diversitas gen (He) sebesar 0,720. Nilai PIC Ho dan He yang didapat tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis keragaman dengan menggunakan program NTSys, diperoleh hasil 12 klon kakao berada dalam grup pertama (koefisien keragaman<3,75) dan9 klon berada dalam grup kedua, dengan koefisien keragaman < 7,50. Sedangkan klon-klon lainnya mempunyai koefisien keragaman > 7,50. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data disimpulkan bahwa marka SSR dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik plasma nutfah kakao. Tingkat polimorfisme yang dihasilkan marka SSR relatif tinggi. Tingkat heterosigositas plasma nutfah kakao koleksi Puslit Kopi dan Kakao Indonesiarelatif tinggi, dan keragaman genetiknyacukup tinggi.Kata kunci : Theobroma cacao L, mikrosatelit, marka molekuler, keragaman genetik, heterosigositas
DIVERSITY OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS ORIGINATED FROM Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Susilowati, Dwi Ningsih; Setiyani, Alfi Dwi; Radiastuti, Nani; Sofiana, Indah; Suryadi, Yadi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.78-91

Abstract

Asiatic Pennyworth (Centella asiatica) is a medicinal plant known to be symbiotic with various types of endophytic fungi. There are extensively studied as a source of new bioactive compounds, including extracellular enzymes. This study aimed to characterize enzymes produced by 40 endophytic fungi from C. asiatica. This research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development Bogor and the Microbiology Laboratory, PLT UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta in February to April 2019. Seven enzymes screened were asparaginase, amylase, cellulase, pectinase, protease, glucanase, and laccase on Potato Dextrose Agar enriched with a specific substrate. The results showed that the number and type of enzymes produced by the fungi varied.  Phanerochaete chrysosporium MB02, Fusarium falciforme MB07, Trichaptum sp.MB11, Fusariumkeratoplasticum MB12, Penicillium capsulatum MB15, Phomamultirostrata MB16, Fusarium oxysporum MB17, and Mycochaetophora gentianae MB21 produced the highest enzyme number, i.e., six types of enzymes.  Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 produced the highest index value for asparaginase (index 2.65), Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Colletotrichum tabaci MB14, and Phoma multirostrata MB16 for amylase (index 2.00); Peroneutypa scoparia MM10 for cellulase (index 4.10); Colletotrichum karstii MM02 for pectinase (index4.12); C. tabaci MB14 for protease (index 4.37); Acrocalymma vagum MB04 for glucanase (index 1.68); and Fusarium solani MM03 for laccase (index 0.22). Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 was superior because it produced the highest of 3 enzymes (asparaginase, amylase, and protease).  Further study is required to find optimal conditions for each enzyme production for industrial purposes.Keywords: Asiatic Pennyworth, extracellular enzyme, in vitro production Abstrak KERAGAMAN ENZIM EKSTRASELULER DIHASILKAN OLEH JAMUR ENDOFIT ASAL Centella asiatica (L.) UrbanTanaman Pegagan (Centella asiatica) adalah tanaman obat yang dikenal bersimbiosis dengan berbagai jenis jamur endofit. Jamur endofit dipelajari secara ekstensif sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif baru, termasuk enzim ekstraseluler. Enzim asparaginase, amilase, selulase, pektinase, protease, glukanase, dan lakase digunakan dalam industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi beberapa produksi enzim dari 40 jamur endofit dari C. asiatica. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, PLT UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada bulan Februari hingga April 2019. Skrining enzim asparaginase, amilase, selulase, pektinase, protease, glukanase, dan lakase dilakukan pada medium Potato Dextrose Agar yang diperkaya dengan substrat tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dan jenis enzim yang dihasilkan oleh jamur bervariasi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium MB02, Fusarium falciforme MB07, Trichaptum sp. MB11, Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Penicillium capsulatum MB15, Phoma multirostrata MB16, Fusarium oxysporum MB17, dan Mycochaetophora gentianae MB21 menghasilkan jumlah enzim tertinggi (6 jenis enzim). Berdasarkan enzim yang diproduksi (nilai indeks), Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 menghasilkan asparaginase tertinggi (indeks 2,65), Fusarium keratoplasticum MB12, Colletotrichum tabaci MB14, dan Phoma multirostrata MB16 untuk amilase (indeks 2,00); Peroneutypa scoparia MM10 untuk selulase (indeks 4.10); Colletotrichum karstii MM02 untuk pektinase (indeks 4.12); C. tabaci MB14 untuk protease (indeks 4.37); Acrocalymma vagum MB04 untuk glukanase (indeks 1,68); dan Fusarium solani MM03 untuk lakase (indeks 0,22). Colletotrichum tabaci MB14 merupakan isolat yang unggul penghasil 3 jenis enzim tertinggi (asparaginase, amilase, dan protease).  Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menganalisis secara kuantitatif produksi enzim ekstraseluler yang dihasilkan dan prospeknya untuk keperluan industri.Kata kunci:  Enzim ekstraseluler, pegagan, produksi in vitro 
POLLEN VIABILITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) AS A RESULT OF GAMMA RAY IRRADIATION Janis Damaiyani; Sri Adikadarsih; Heri Prabowo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.69-77

Abstract

Pest and disease attack is a limiting factor in the production of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Efforts to assemble superior sesame varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases can be a solution to increase productivity. To get superior varieties can be done through mutations using gamma-ray irradiation. The problem is the mutations can affect the viability and morphology of pollen. This research aimed to determine the effect of gamma-ray irradiation doses on the viability and morphology of sesame pollen. It was conducted at Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute and Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Garden-LIPI, from January to May 2019. It was arranged in completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the type of sesame variety (Sumberrejo 1, Winas 1, and Winas 2),, while the second factor was the dose of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 Gy). The variables to be observed were the viability and morphology of pollen. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation up to a dose of 600 Gy did not affect the morphology, but did affected the viability of sesame pollen. The viability of pollen Sumberrejo 1 and Winas 1 varieties irradiated at doses of 100-300 Gy did not change and remained high (>50%), but at doses >300 Gy, viability decreased up to <50%. In Winas 2, pollen viability <10%, irradiated or not. The morphology of sesame pollen varieties Sumberrejo 1, Winas 1 and 2 have the character of monad, isopolar, stephanoaperture, with various sizes of pollen units.Keywords: irradiation, gamma ray, pollen, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) AbstrakVIABILITAS DAN MORFOLOGI SERBUK SARI TANAMAN WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.) HASIL IRADIASI SINAR GAMMASerangan hama penyakit merupakan faktor pembatas dalam produksi wijen (Sesamum indicum L.). Upaya perakitan varietas unggul wijen yang tahan terhadap hama penyakit dapat menjadi solusi agar produktivitasnya meningkat. Untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul, dapat dilakukan melalui mutasi menggunakan iradiasi sinar gamma. Kendalanya adalah mutasi dapat memengaruhi viabilitas dan morfologi serbuk sari. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh dosis iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap viabilitas dan morfologi serbuk sari wijen. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat serta Pusat Penelitian Konservasi Tumbuhan dan Kebun Raya-LIPI, dari bulan Januari hingga Mei 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak kelompok 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis varietas wijen (varietas Sumberrejo 1, Winas 1, dan Winas 2), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah dosis iradiasi sinar gamma (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 600 Gy).Variabel yang diamati adalah viabilitas  dan morfologi serbuk sari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi sinar gamma sampai dengan dosis 600 Gy tidak memengaruhi morfologi, tetapi memengaruhi viabilitas serbuk sari wijen. Viabilitas serbuk sari varietas Sumberrejo 1 dan Winas 1 hasil iradiasi dengan dosis 100-300 Gy tidak berubah dan tetap tinggi (>50%), tetapi pada dosis >300 Gy, viabilitas menurun hingga <50%.  Pada Winas 2, viabilitas serbuk sari <10%, baik diiradiasi maupun tidak. Morfologi serbuk sari wijen varietas Sumberrejo 1, Winas 1 dan 2 memiliki karakter monad, isopolar, stephanoaperture, dengan ukuran unit yang bervariasi.Kata kunci:  iradiasi, sinar gamma, serbuk sari, wijen (Sesamum indicum L.)
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC STABILITY OF MICROPROPAGATED SUGARCANE IN DIFFERENT SUBCULTURE FREQUENCIES USING SSR MARKER Alfia Annur Aini Azizi; Ika Roostika; Reflinur Reflinur; Darda Efendi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 1 (2020): June, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n1.2020.49-57

Abstract

In vitro technique is an effective method to produce high quality and uniform sugarcane seedlings. This study was aimed to determine genetic stability based on SSR marker analysis of six varieties of sugarcane subcultured in regeneration media. It was conducted at the ICABIOGRAD Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bogor, from May 2015 to October 2016. Six sugarcane varieties (PS 862, PS 865, PS 881, PSJK 922, TK 386, and GMP 3) derived from apical shoot explants were subcultured on MS regeneration media enriched with 0.3 mg/l BAP; 0.5 mg/l IBA; and 100 mg/l PVP, for 3, 6 and 9 times. Sugarcane DNA was extracted using the CTAB method; then, the genetic stability was analyzed using 20 pairs of SSR primers. Data were analyzed in groups using the UPGMA method in the SAHN subprogram available on NTSYS software. The results showed that five sugarcane varieties (PS 865, PS 881, PSJK 922, TK 386, and GMP 3) subcultured up to nine times on the regeneration media remained genetically stable with similarity coefficient to their mother plants value more than 0.94.  However, PS 862 variety had genetically unstable after the sixth and the ninth subcultures, the similarity coefficient value to its mother plant was only 0.64, indicated that it experienced somaclonal variations. The study concluded that the in vitro shoots of the other varieties were more genetically stable during subcultures compared to PS 862 sugarcane variety based on SSR marker analysis. Further study is needed to find out the cause of genetic changes in PS 862.Keywords: Saccharum officinarum, apical shoots, in vitro propagation.
FARMERS’ SATISFACTION TOWARD ARRANGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CONTRACT FARMING IN WONOLANGAN SUGAR MILL, PROBOLINGGO, EAST JAVA Rondhi, Mohammad; Ratnasari, Devyana Dwi; Supriono, Agus; Hapsari, Triana Dewi; Kuntadi, Ebban Bagus; Agustina, Titin; Suwandari, Anik; Rokhani, Rokhani
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.58-68

Abstract

The sugarcane supply chain needs to be efficient and highly coordinated to ensure quality and quantity. Contract farming is an instrument used to achieve efficiency and high coordination of the sugarcane supply chain. The efficiency of contract farming depends on how the contract's arrangement satisfies the requirements and characteristics of each party involved. This study aimed to analyze the arrangement and farmer's satisfaction toward the implementation of contract farming. This study was conducted at PG Wonolangan in Probolinggo, East Java, on March, April, and September 2018. The samples used in this study consisted of 100 sugarcane contract farmers in PG Wonolangan and seven employees of PG Wonolangan. Descriptive and rank Spearman correlation analyses were employed to analyze the arrangement and farmer's satisfaction toward contract farming. The results of this study showed that there was a change in the contractual arrangement between PG and farmers. Currently, the role of PG changed from acting as farm credit and inputs supplier into a market guarantor for farmers; the changes reduced the risk and capital requirements of PG. In general, farmers were satisfied with the implementation of contract farming. The farmers' satisfaction increased as farm extension, scheduled planting and harvesting times, and the quickest harvest and transport management. However, they have concerns regarding farm inputs provision and profit-sharing mechanism.Keywords: Sugarcane agribusiness, correlation analysis, supply chainAbstrakKEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP POLA DAN KINERJA KEMITRAAN USAHATANI TEBU DI PABRIK GULA WONOLANGAN, PROBOLINGGO, JAWA TIMURRantai pasok agribisnis tebu perlu efisiensi dan keeratan koordinasi yang tinggi untuk menjaga kualitas dan kuantitas gula yang dihasilkan. Kemitraan adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan koordinasi rantai pasok agribisnis tebu. Efisiensi kemitraan tergantung pada bagaimana pola kemitraan tersebut bisa memuaskan kebutuhan dan karakteristik pihak yang bermitra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola kemitraan usahatani tebu dan kepuasan petani terhadap kinerja kemitraan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Pabrik Gula (PG) Wonolongan di Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, pada bulan Maret, April, dan September 2018. Responden terdiri dari 100 petani mitra PG Wonolangan dan 7 pegawai PG Wonolangan. Analisis deskriptif dan korelasi rank spearman digunakan untuk menjelaskan pola kemitraan dan kepuasan petani terhadap kemitraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan pola kemitraan antara PG dengan petani. PG berubah peran dari yang sebelumnya sebagai pemberi kredit dan input usahatani menjadi penjamin pasar, perubahan ini menurunkan risiko usaha PG serta modal awal yang harus dikeluarkan PG. Secara umum, petani mitra merasa puas dengan kemitraan yang dijalankan PG Wonolangan. Faktor yang memperkuat kepuasan petani adalah adanya bimbingan teknis dari PG, teraturnya jadwal tanam dan panen, serta cepatnya proses tebang dan angkut. Akan tetapi fasilitas saprodi, sistem bagi hasil dan penentuan rendemen dengan sistem hamparan merupakan faktor yang menjadi perhatian petani.Kata kunci : Agribisnis tebu, analisis korelasi, rantai pasok.
THE EFFECT OF THERMAL AND NON-THERMAL REPROCESSING ON MICROBIAL AND OFF-FLAVOR CONTAMINATION OF WHITE PEPPER Kendri Wahyuningsih; Christina Winarti; Sari Intan Kailaku; Hernani Hernani
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 26, No 2 (2020): December, 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v26n2.2020.108-118

Abstract

Traditional handling and processing technology of pepper (Piper nigrum) at farmer-scale produced white pepper with high microbial and off-flavor, over the SNI quality maximum limit. An experiment to determine the effect of thermal (steam heat) and non-thermal (immersion in ozone water) re-processing on microbial and off-flavor contamination of white pepper, had been executed in Laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development work during February – November 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomized Design with 7 treatments and three replications. The seven treatments were: control (no reprocessing), thermal treatment steam heat at 90 - 100°C for 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes and non-thermal immersionin ozonized water for 0, 20, 40, dan 60 minutes. The result showed that thermal and non-thermal reprocessing of white pepper could increase the physical characters, reduce microbial contaminant, as well as off-flavor contamination in produced white pepper. Thermal treatments for 30 minutes was identified as the best treatment. The process had been able to improve the quality of white pepper to meet SNI quality class II, reduced the microbial contaminant and reduced the chemical compounds producing off-flavor. GC-MS analysis showed that the ability of thermal treatment in reducing those compounds, such as hexanoic acid, p-cresol and 3-methyl indole. Meanwhile, propanoic acid and heptanoic acid were undetected.Keywords:   White pepper, hot water vapor, ozone, off-flavor AbstrakPENGARUH PENANGANAN ULANG SECARA TERMAL DAN NON-TERMAL TERHADAP TINGKAT KONTAMINASI MIKROBA DAN BAU MENYIMPANG PADA LADA PUTIHLada putih (Piper nigrum) hasil olahan petani secara tradisional sering menghasilkan biji lada putih yang berbau menyimpang (off-flavor) menyerupai bau kotoran dan cemaran mikroba melebihi ambang batas menurut SNI. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen dari bulan Februari - November 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penanganan ulang biji lada putih secara termal (pemberian uap panas) dan non-termal (perendaman dalam air mengandung ozon) terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia, penurunan kontaminan mikroba dan penekanan bau menyimpang. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut meliputi: kontrol (tanpa perlakuan penanganan ulang), perlakuan termal dengan pemberian uap panas pada 90-100 oC selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit serta perlakuan non-termal yaitu perendaman dalam air berozon selama 20, 40, dan 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanganan ulang lada putih secara termal dan non-termal telah mampu memperbaiki mutu fisik, menurunkan kontaminan mikroba dan menekan bau menyimpang pada lada putih. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan secara termal selama 30 menit yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas biji lada putih hingga memenuhi SNI mutu II, menekan kontaminan mikroba dan bau menyimpang secara maksimal. Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan termal selama 30 menit telah mampu menurunkan persentase senyawa kimia penyebab bau menyimpang (menyerupai bau tinja dan apek), yaitu senyawa asam heksanoat, p-cresol, dan 3-metil indol. Sedangkan limpahan senyawa asam propanoat dan asam heptanoat sudah hilang tidak terdeteksi oleh instrumen.Kata kunci: Lada putih, uap air panas, ozon, bau menyimpang
The Effectiveness of Scarification Technique to Break Dormancy Kenaf Seed (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Taufiq Hidayat Rahman Side; Retno Mastuti; Athifah Rosi Widiani
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 1 (2021): June, 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n1.2021.34-43

Abstract

The kenaf seeds have a hard seed surface structure, seed trichomes, and attached hilum cap tightly that can inhibit the kenaf seed germination process and become one of the causes of physical dormancy. Physical dormancy can be broken by scarification techniques. There are three scarification techniques, namely mechanical, physical, and chemical scarification. This study aimed to determine which scarification techniques were effective against the breaking of kenaf seed dormancy. The research was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute in January-May 2019. The research method used a randomized block design consisting of seven scarification treatments with four replications. The treatment consists of mechanical treatment, water soaking treatment at 70ºC for 3 hours, water soaking treatment at 80ºC for 3 hours, water soaking treatment at 90ºC for 3 hours, H2SO4 98% soaking for 5 minutes, H2SO4 98% soaking for 10 minutes and H2SO4 98% soaking for 15 minutes. The results showed that the scarification technique had a significant effect on increasing the viability of kenaf seeds. Scarification treatment with H2SO4 98% soaking for 5 minutes effectively broke the dormancy of kenaf seed. It could improve the germination of kenaf seeds up to 6%, reduce the number of seed trichomes, and effectively exfoliate the hilum cap. The study suggest that soaking the kenaf seeds in H2SO4 98% for 10 minutes could be adopted to break the seed dormancy to improve the germination.Keywords: dormancy, Hibiscus cannabinus, hilum cap, scarification, seed trichome ABSTRAKEFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK SKARIFIKASI UNTUK MEMATAHKAN DORMANSI BENIH KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)Benih kenaf memiliki struktur permukaan yang keras, trikoma, dan penutup hilum yang menempel kuat. Hal ini dapat menghambat proses perkecambahan benih kenaf dan menjadi salah satu penyebab dormansi fisik. Dormansi fisik dapat dipatahkan dengan teknik skarifikasi. Terdapat tiga teknik skarifikasi, yaitu skarifikasi mekanik, fisik, dan kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui teknik skarifikasi yang efektif terhadap pematahan dormansi benih kenaf. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Benih Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat pada bulan Januari-Mei 2019. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan skarifikasi benih kenaf dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari perlakuan mekanik, perendaman air suhu 70ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman air suhu 80ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman air suhu 90ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman H2SO4 98%  selama 5 menit, perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 10 menit dan perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 15 menit. Banyaknya benih tiap perlakuan adalah 400 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik skarifikasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pematahan dormansi benih kenaf. Perlakuan skarifikasi dengan perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 5 menit efektif mematahkan dormansi benih kenaf dan meningkatkan daya berkecambah benih kenaf hingga 6% dan mampu mereduksi jumlah trikoma benih dan efektif dalam pengelupasan hilum cap. Metode pematahan dormansi benih kenaf perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektifitasnya.Kata kunci : dormansi, Hibiscus cannabinus, hilum cap, skarifikasi, trikoma benih

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