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INDONESIA
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management
BULETIN PENELITIAN TANAMAN REMPAH DAN OBAT adalah publikasi ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Buletin ini memuat hasil penelitian terkait komoditas rempah dan obat yang belum diterbitkan pada media lain.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 544 Documents
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Formula of Yellow Kepok Banana (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana) Corm Extracts As Antiinflamation Desy Muliana Wenas; Lisana Sidqi Aliya; Wisma Merry Anjani
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 2 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n2.2019.100-110

Abstract

Bananas have many types and benefits. One of them is the Yellow Kepok Banana. Banana stem, leaf midrib, and corm contain phytochemicals compound as medicinal properties. The study aimed to determine the effect of the yellow kepok banana corm extract formula as an anti-inflammatory. Banana corm was cut into 0.3 x 1 x 3 cm pieces, dried in the oven with temperature 60 °C for 6 hours, then made 40 mesh powder. The powder extracted using 70 % ethanol by maceration technique for 24 hours, repeated three times. Anti-inflammatory testing was carried out on male Sprague Dawley white rats. A total of 24 white rats were divided into six treatment groups, consists of different concentrations of the extract (10, 15, and 20 %), positive control (commercial ointment), negative control, and a normal control (giving a wound without being given any formula). The experiment was designed as a randomized complete, with four replications, data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Post Hoc Games Howell Test. The results showed that the yellow kepok banana extract formula had the potential for wound healing. The 20 % extract formula can accelerate wound healing in a day than the 10 and 15 % formulas. The  speed  is  shown  by  wound  healing  without  scars  from  the   20 % extract formula, which  occurs  earlier  than other formulas. The anti-inflammatory activity of the 20 % formula was comparable to the positive control of commercial ointment. The anti-inflammatory activity of the yellow kepok banana ointment formula is related to the compound of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. The results indicate that the yellow kepok banana corm extract has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory drug.
DNA Barcoding of Medicinal Orchid Dendrobium discolor Lindl. Tanimbar Using rbcL and ITS genes Dian Al Ghifari Perwitasari; Siti Rohimah; Tri Ratnasari; Bambang Sugiharto; Mukhamad Su'udi
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 1 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n1.2020.8-20

Abstract

Dendrobium discolor Lindl., Tanimbar is one of the medicinal orchids that has been used to treat skin diseases. Morphologically, D. discolor Tanimbar shows similarities with D. discolor Merauke and D. bigibbum, making it challenging to identify. DNA barcoding using ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large (rbcL) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) markers expected to be used to identify D. discolor accurately. This study aimed to identify potential DNA sequences as barcodes for the identification of medicinal orchid D. discolor Tanimbar using molecular markers rbcL and ITS. The DNA genome of D. discolor Tanimbar was isolated and used as a template in the PCR reaction. The resulting amplicons were then sequenced. The results showed that the rbcL gene sequence of D. discolor had high homology with D. salaccense (Accession: LC193510.1, Prect. Ident  :   99.45 %),   whereas   the   ITS   had  high homology with D. nindii (Accession: AY239985.1 Identification: 98.67 %). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the rbcL gene sequence from D. discolor had more homology sequence than the ITS. However, the ITS sequence was more specific and could differentiate to species level. Based on the results of this study, the ITS sequence can be recommended as a molecular marker for the identification of the medicinal orchid D. discolor Tanimbar.
ANALISA KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL PRODUKSI BIOPESTISIDA DARI BIJI MIMBA Dwi Ajias Pramasari; Arief Heru Prianto
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 1 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n1.2019.11-26

Abstract

Pemanfaatan biopestisida yang ramah lingkungan, diharapkan memiliki spektrum yang sangat luas tidak hanya mencakup pengendalian serangga pertanian tetapi juga serangga rumah tangga (household pest). Biji mimba merupakan salah satu bahan baku yang berprospek dijadikan biopestisida, karena terkandung bahan limnoid di dalamnya. Pendirian usaha biopestisida dari biji mimba harus memperhatikan diagram alir proses produksinya dan analisa kelayakan finansialnya, sehingga layak untuk didirikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kelayakan finansial dari usaha produksi biopestisida dari biji mimba yang diaplikasikan pada skala industri dengan memperhatikan diagram alir proses produksinya. Penelitian dilaksanakan September-November 2017 di Pusat Penelitian Biomaterial – Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan perhitungan neraca massa laju alir pada diagram alir proses dan alat analisa kelayakan finansial dengan pendekatan NPV, IRR, Payback Period dan Profitability Index. Sesuai dengan perhitungan neraca massa laju alir ini, kandungan azadirachtin (C35H44O16) sebesar 0,01 kg/jam dengan rendemen minyak yang dihasilkan dari perhitungan sebesar 25%. Analisa kelayakan finansial menunjukkan usaha biopestisida ini memiliki nilai NPV Rp. 202.719.354, IRR 20,60%, Payback Period 2 tahun 1 bulan, dan Profitability Index 1,09. Dari keempat kriteria kelayakan di atas menunjukkan bahwa usaha pembuatan biopestisida dengan minyak mimba layak untuk dilaksanakan. Pelaku usaha diharapkan menjaga stabilitas dari ketersediaan bahan baku maupun harga dari biji mimba itu sendiri agar kelangsungan usaha biopestisida terus berjalan. Kata kunci: biji mimba, biopestisida, kelayakan finansial, laju alir 
The Effect of Essential Oil Formula and Para Menthane Diol on Mortality and Oviposition Deterrent of Brown Planthopper Tri Lestari Mardiningsih; NFN Rismayani; NFN Ma'mun
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 2 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n2.2019.90-99

Abstract

Essential oils such as clove, lemongrass, and citronella are known as botanical insecticides. Mixed-essential oils and a single compound of the oil itself may increase its efficacy. The experiment aimed to examine the effect of the essential oil mixture and para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) formulas in inhibiting of the egg-laying and mortality of brown planthopper. The study conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. The formula tested were clove+citronella oils (1:1), clove+lemongrass oils (1:1), the single essential oil, solvent materials (a mixture of tween 80, Turpentine, and surfactant), PMD-solvent substances (emulsifier, alcohol 96%, and surfactant).  A contact application was applied to the insect. Observation parameters were egg numbers laid and brown planthopper adult and nymph mortalities. The result of the insect contact application method showed that adult mortality was not significantly different compare with control and synthetic insecticide. Based on the plant residue test,   nymph  mortality  due  to  clove  oil  +  citronella  oils  were  not  significantly different from control and insecticide. Meanwhile, based  on  the insect  and plant spray  test, adult mortality on clove oil + citronella was not differently significant from the synthetic insecticide. However, the effectiveness of clove+lemongrass oils was slower. The efficacy of the oil formula to the egg laid was significantly different from the synthetic insecticide treatment, i.e., fewer eggs laid.  PMD was less effective than the essential oil formula on the nymphs and adult mortalities of brown planthopper. Further field evaluations of the clove oil + citronella formulas are required.
Effect of Physiological Maturity and Germinating Media on Zanzibar Clove Seeds Viability R Pelealu, Rian Virvian Hidayat; Widajati, Eny; Suwarno, Faiza C.
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 2 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n2.2019.81-89

Abstract

Low seeds quality of the clove tree may attribute to the low national productivity of cloves in Indonesia.  The study aimed to determine the level of physiological fruit maturity and the effect of germination media on the viability of clove seeds. The study was performed at the Leuwikopo Seeds Storage and Quality Testing Laboratory and Leuwikopo Research Installation, Bogor, in October 2017 to December 2018. The material used was the Zanzibar clove seeds from ≥ 10 years old trees. The clove seeds obtained from a farmer’s plantation in Tolitoli District, Central Sulawesi. The study arranged in a split-plot design, with four replications, with the main plot was four levels of seed viability based on fruit colors: reddish-green, pink, red, and dark red. The subplots were three types of germination media, namely sand, cocopeat, and zeolite.  Thus, there were twelve treatments. Each plot consisted of 40 seeds for germination test and five seeds for water content determination. The results showed that the percentage of clove seeds viability negatively influenced by the level of fruit maturity based on the color of the fruit but was affected by the germination media. Good physiological quality of clove seeds characterized by dry seed weight of 2.70  g,  100 %  germination rate, vigor index of 73.75 %, and growth rate of 1.19 % etmal-1. Among the three types of germination media tested (sand, cocopeat, and zeolite), sand was the best germination media for clove seeds. Hence it is recommended to seeds producer.
EFEKTIVITAS SENYAWA NONATSIRI DARI Curcuma spp. TERHADAP PENEKANAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA BUAH CABAI Anella Retna Kumala Sari; Firdaus Auliya Rahmah; Syamsuddin Djauhari
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 1 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n1.2020.21-30

Abstract

One of the important diseases on chili is anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici. Curcuma extracts and their essential oils were known as antifungal, but nonessential compounds have not been widely tested. This study aimed to assay the effectiveness of nonessential compounds of Curcuma longa, C. zedoaria, and C. aeruginosa to C. annuum. This study was conducted in November 2014 until Mei 2015 at Brawijaya University. The nonessential compound was obtained by soaking rhizome of C. longa,   C.   zedoaria,  and C.   aeruginosa in methanol, then distilled byusing rotary vacuum evaporator. Nonessential chemical compunds were identified by using HPLC. Effectiveness evaluation of nonessential compounds from three species of Curcuma was done by in vitro and in vivo test. Tested treatments were three species of Curcuma spp and 6 concentration levels of nonessential compounds (0 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, 10 ppm, and 12 ppm). The xperiment was performed in Factorial Complete Randomized Design, with 18 treatments combination, and replicated three times. Results of HPLC analysis showed the rhizomes of the three Curcuma species contained curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin in various concentrations. The highest level was found in the C. longa extract (13.792 ppm curcumin and 67.156 ppm desmethoxycurcumin). However, in vitro test results showed nonessential compound of C. zedoaria was most effective in inhibiting C. annuum growth.  The 10 ppm concentration inhibited 81.53 % of fungal growth.  Further, the in vivo test, also indicated the same, it’s most effective in hampering the growth of anthracnose symptoms. Therefore, curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin from three species of Curcuma have potential to be developed as botanical fungicide.
Aktivitas In Vitro Penurun Gula Darah dari Ekstrak Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa B.) Rissa Vifta; NFN Wilantika; Yustisia Dian Advistasari
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 1 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n1.2020.31-39

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the highest causes of death in the world, with symptoms of increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). One of the efforts made as a treatment and prevention of DM is through complementary therapy using natural ingredients. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa) contains flavonoid compounds potential to reduce glucose levels. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of ethanol extracts and its fractions of parijoto fruit (EEBP) to decrease glucose levels in vitro. The study was conducted at the Ngudi Waluyo University Laboratory in April to August 2018. Identification and screening of flavonoid compounds from ethanol extracts and its fractions of parijoto fruit were performed qualitatively and by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). In vitro testing for  antidiabetic activity of EEBP was performed with non-enzymatic reaction by Nelson Somogyi method (ethanol extract and its fractions). Experiment  was arranged in a randomized block design, with 12 treatments and three replications. The concentrations of parijoto fruit tested were 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm, and 60 ppm. The results of qualitative identification and TLC showed that the ethanol extract and its fraction of EEBP contained flavonoid compounds. At a concentration of 30 ppm, EEBP was able to reduce glucose levels by 42.43 %, while the ethanol fraction decreased glucose levels by 83.38 %. The results showed parijoto fruit ethanol extract and its fractions were sources of antidiabetic. Hence its pharmacologically effect was necessary to be further studied.
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI MIMBA, MAHONI DAN SUREN TERHADAP LARVA Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) Wida Darwiati; Ujang Wawan Darmawan; Cheppy Syukur
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 1 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n1.2020.40-47

Abstract

Neem, mahogany, and surian seeds contain secondary metabolites that can be used as biopesticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of neem, mahogany, and surian seed extracts to the larvae of the Tenebrio molitor L. (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) at laboratory scale. The stages of the research were the preparation of seed extracts, phytochemical analysis of the extracts, and efficacy of extracts against T. molitor larvae. Dried seeds of neem, surian, and mahogany (water content < 10%) were ground (100 mesh) and macerated with 95% ethanol solvent for seven hours at 70 oC. The alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/the triterpenoid were then analyzed. The effectiveness of the extracts was  testedagainst the 3rd larva of T. molinor. The experiment designed in Randomize block design, three replications, each with ten larvae. The first factor was seed extracts (neem, surian, and mahogany), while the second factor was five levels of extract concentration (0 mg;l-1, 9 mg.l-1, 15 mg.l-1, 30 mg.l-1 and 45 mg.l-1). Phytochemical analysis showed that mahogany seeds contained alkaloids and triterpenoids. Meanwhile, surian seeds contained tannin, alkaloid, steroid/triterpenoid, but neem seeds contained saponin and alkaloids. The mahogany, surian, and neem seed  extracts were effective in causing significant mortality to T. molitor larvae. Ethanol extract of neem seeds was more toxic to larvae (LC50 = 0.72 mg.l-1), compared to mahogany (LC50 = 5.2 mg.l-1) and surian (LC50 = 7.02 mg.l-1). Mimba seed extract is more prospective to be developed as a botanical insecticide.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN KECIBELING, BAKAU MERAH, DAN KATUK PADA METODE EKSTRAKSI DAN RASIO EKSTRAK YANG BERBEDA Lilik Sulastri; Ika Oktavia; Partomuan Simanjuntak
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 1 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n1.2020.1-7

Abstract

Tumbuhan obat Indonesia, seperti kecibeling {Strobilanthes crispa (L.) Blume}, bakau merah (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) dan katuk {Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.} mengandung senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode ekstraksi (maserasi dan infusa) dan rasio perbandingan ekstrak daun kecibeling dan bakau merah, serta batang katuk, baik secara tunggal maupun kombinasi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak.  Serbuk simplisia kering berukuran 40 mesh dari daun kecibeling, daun bakau merah, dan batang katuk diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96 % (metode maserasi) dan dengan pelarut air (metode infusa). Ekstrak tunggal atau kombinasi ekstrak tunggal daun kecibeling, daun bakau merah, dan batang katuk (1:1:1; 1:1:2; 1:2:1; dan 2:1:1) diuji aktivitas antioksidannya berdasarkan metode radikal bebas 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Metode maserasi dengan etanol lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode infusa dengan air. Antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol daun kecibeling menunjukkan aktivitas paling kuat dengan nilai konsentrasi penghambatan (IC50) sebesar 37,65 ppm dibandingkan dengan ekstrak air. Kombinasi ekstrak etanol tunggal dari daun kecibeling, daun bakau merah, dan batang katuk (2:1:1) bersifat sinergis dengan aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat (IC50= 18,78 ppm), tetapi masih di bawah aktivitas antioksidan vitamin C (IC50 = 4,24 ppm). Ekstrak etanol daun kecibeling secara tunggal atau dikombinasikan dengan ekstrak etanol daun bakau merah dan batang katuk berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai antioksidan.
KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI DARI PERAKARAN Nepenthes mirabilis UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAYATI Fusarium oxysporum NFN Mardhiana; Muh. Adiwena; Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 1 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n1.2020.48-58

Abstract

Phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum causes significant yield losses in various spices plants. The fungus can be controlled with numerous types of antagonistic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the physiological characteristic and antagonistic properties of the bacterial from the roots of Nepenthes mirabilis, as a biological control to F. oxysforum. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Borneo, Tarakan, from October to November 2017. Nutrient Agar medium was used to isolate antagonistic bacteria from the roots of N. mirabilis. Biosafety test against plants and mammals were conducted using hypersensitive and hemolysis analysis. The bacterial isolates passed from those tests were characterized further for their phenotype and physiological properties as well as their ability to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum in a dual culture test  in  vitro.  The  results  showed  that  there  were  10  out  of26 bacterial isolates originated from N. mirabilis roots that were safe for plants and mammals. Physiological tests showed  that four  isolates  could produce the proteolytic enzyme, five isolates produced the chitinolytic enzyme, six isolates were able to dissolve phosphate, and four isolates could produce HCN. Furthermore, three isolates (Mrb2, Mrb6, and Mrb16) showed inhibitory activity against Fusarium spp. There were differences in the phenotype character and physiological activity between the Mrb2, Mrb6, and Mrb16 isolates, but all three have the potential to inhibit F. oxysporum.

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