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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 23561297     EISSN : 25287222     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (JTIDP) published by Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of agricultural science on industrial and beverage crops.
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Articles 407 Documents
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Hubungan Bakteri Endofit dan Nematoda Parasit Penyebab Penyakit Kuning pada Tanaman Lada di Provinsi Bangka Belitung Munif, Abdul; kristiana, Kristiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Penyakit kuning yang disebabkan oleh nematoda parasit Meloidogyne incognita dan  Radopholus similis masih menjadi penyebab utama penurunan produksi lada di Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kelimpahan populasi bakteri endofit dan nematoda parasit pada perkebunan lada rakyat di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan dan Bangka Tengah. Penelitian meliputi survei tingkat kejadian penyakit kuning dan pengamatan populasi nematoda dan bakteri endofit pada pertanaman lada milik petani. Pengambilan sampel tanah dan akar lada berasal dari pertanaman lada yang sehat dan yang sakit atau terserang berat. Isolasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik sterilisasi permukaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara populasi bakteri endofit dengan populasi nematoda parasit penyebab penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada. Kelimpahan populasi bakteri endofit pada kebun lada yang sehat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kebun lada yang sakit. The Relationship between endophytic bacteria and yellow disease caused by parasitic-nematode on black pepper in Bangka Belitung provinceABSTRACT Yellow disease caused by parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similis) is still a major constraint of black pepper production in Bangka Belitung. A study was carried out to investigate the relationship between population of endophytic bacteria and yellow disease caused by plant-parasitic nematodes on black pepper grown at districts of Bangka and Central Bangka. The study was conducted at farmers’ black pepper plantations. A number of soil and root samples was taken from healthy black pepper vines and highly infected-nematode ones. An isolation of endophytic bacteria was then done through a surface sterilization method. Results shows there was a positive correlation between the population of endophytic bacteria and yellow disease incidence rates caused by plant-parasitic nematodes on black pepper plants. The population of endophytic bacteria found in the healthy black pepper plants was higher than those of in the  infected-nematode ones.  
Evaluasi Ukuran Biji Beras, Kadar Kafein, dan Mutu Cita Rasa Lima Kultivar Kopi Arabika Randriani, Enny; Dani, Dani; Wardiana, Edi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
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Perbaikan mutu fisik, biokimia, dan cita rasa berbasis kultivar penting dilakukan saat ini untuk meningkatkan daya saing kopi Indonesia di pasar global. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman ukuran biji, kadar kafein, dan mutu cita rasa lima kultivar kopi Arabika, yaitu ABP-1, ABP-2, ABP-3, AGK-1, dan S-795. Kelima kultivar tersebut ditanam pada tahun 2008 oleh petani di Desa Marga Mulya, Kecamatan Cikandang, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat pada ketinggian 1.300 m di atas permukaan laut. Biji dari masing-masing kultivar dipanen pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2013 melalui prosedur pengolahan basah. Sampel sebanyak 100 biji beras dari masing-masing kultivar diambil secara acak untuk pengukuran panjang, lebar, tebal, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Pengukuran tersebut diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Analisis varian satu arah dan analisis gerombol dilakukan terhadap data hasil pengukuran. Selain itu, sampel sebanyak 500 gram biji beras dari masing-masing kultivar digunakan untuk pengujian mutu fisik, kimia, dan cita rasa. Ukuran biji beras diklasifikasikan berdasarkan standar SNI 01-2907-2008, sedangkan kandungan kafein diuji berdasarkan prosedur Official Method of Analysis AOAC. Penilaian mutu seduhan mengacu kepada protokol Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa biji beras kultivar ABP-1, ABP-2, AGK-1, dan S-795 termasuk dalam kategori besar, meskipun berdasarkan analisis gerombol terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok. Hanya kultivar ABP-3 yang memiliki ukuran biji beras tergolong kecil dan mengelompok sendiri. Kandungan kafein biji kultivar ABP-1, ABP-2, dan S-795 di bawah 1%, sedangkan ABP-3 dan AGK-1 lebih besar dari 1%. Meskipun demikian, semua kultivar yang diuji termasuk dalam kategori spesialti karena nilai akhirnya mencapai > 80,00.Kata Kunci: Kopi Arabika, spesialti, seleksi, spesifik lokasiCultivar-based quality improvement of Arabica coffee is very important in order to increase competitiveness of Indonesian coffee product in global market. The objectives of this study were to identify the diversity of green bean size, levels of caffeine, and quality among five Arabica coffee cultivars that cultivated by farmers in West Java, ABP-1, ABP-2, ABP-3, AGK-1, and S-795. The research was conducted at 1.300 m above sea level in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Ripe cherries samples of each cultivars grown in the same area was taken in July-August 2013. Seeds were separated from the rind using wet processing procedure. Sample of 100 green beans were randomly taken for measurement of length, width, thickness, and weight of 100 green beans. Measurements were repeated three times and collected data were analyzed with analysis of variance and analysis of clusters methods. In addition, samples of 500 grams of green beans were taken from each cultivars and subsequently used for testing the quality of the physical, chemical and cupping. Green bean size was determined according to SNI 01-2907-2008, while caffeine content was analysed using AOAC Official Method of Analysis. Cupping test protocol was refer to the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) method. The results showed that green bean size of ABP-1, ABP-2, AGK-, and S-795 cultivars were classified as large, even though they were clustered into two distinct groups. On the other hand, ABP-3 cultivar produced a small green bean size and solely separated into third group. Caffeine content of ABP-1, ABP-2, and S-795 cultivars were of < 1%, meanwhile ABP-3 and AGK-1 cultivars were of >1%. However, the quality and taste of all cultivars have very good cup quality (score> 80) and meets the criteria for specialty coffee.
Analisis Faktor Penentu Adopsi Benih Unggul Karet Sudjarmoko, Bedy; Listyati, Dewi; Hasibuan, Abdul Muis
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Adopsi benih unggul karet untuk perluasan dan peremajaan tanaman pada perkebunan rakyat masih sangat rendah. Padahal benih unggul menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam peningkatan produktivitas dan kualitas produk, serta dalam efisiensi produksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi benih unggul karet, khususnya pada perkebunan rakyat dalam rangka mendukung kebijakan pengembangan karet nasional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sarolangko, Jambi pada Januari-Desember 2012. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data menggunakan model persamaan struktural/Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adopsi benih unggul karet dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh harapan petani (Product Performance Expectancy/PPE), Social and Technical Influence (STI), dan harga benih unggul karet. Untuk meningkatkan adopsi benih unggul oleh petani karet, diperlukan pengembangan atribut-atribut benih unggul, terutama umur panen dan kualitas benih. Percepatan proses adopsi benih unggul karet juga dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan diseminasi teknologi, penyebaran buku-buku panduan, petunjuk teknis, petunjuk pelaksanaan, leaflet dan poster, serta teknik advokasi melalui kelompok tani.Kata Kunci: Karet, benih unggul, adopsi, SEMThe adoption of rubber superior seeds by farmers for replanting and new planting is still very low. Whereas, the superior seeds to be one important factor in increasing the productivity and quality of products, as well as in production efficiency. The objective of study was to determine factors affecting the adoption of rubber superior seeds, especially to support national policy in developing of smallholder rubber development. The study was conducted in Sarolangko District, Jambi on January-December 2012. The primary and secondary data was used in this study, and then analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that the adoption of rubber superior seeds was directly affected by expectations farmers (Product Performance Expectancy/PPE), Social and Technical Influence/STI, and price of rubber superior seeds. To increase the adoption of rubber superior seeds it need the development of their attributes, especially in harvest old and quality of seeds. Also, to accelerate the adoption of rubber superior seeds can be done by the extentions in using of rubber superior seeds, and by dissemination of technologies through the handbooks, guidelines/technical manual/leaflet/poster/brochure, as well as the advocacy technic through the farmer groups.
KEKERABATAN PLASMA NUTFAH JAMBU METE BERDASARKAN MARKA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA Randriani, Enny; Listyati, Dewi; ., Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Genetic Relationship of Cashew Germplasm Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Cashew production in Indonesia stilllow (300-463 kg/ha/year) caused by genetic materials used for the cultivation were not superior variety, therefore, some effort to find superiorvariety with high production must be improved. To support those efforts needs wide variation of plant genetic resources. Nowd ays, characteristic dataof cashew germplasm in BALITTRI based on morphological characters, so needed molecular approach to get genetic characteristic s, geneticrelationship and specific characters such as high production marker, one of some techniques that we can use is RAPD marker. Additionally, RAPDmarker is simple, efficient and accurate. The purpose of this study was to know the genetic variation and relationship among cashew germplasm basedon band pattern of DNA by using RAPD technique. The experiment was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of BB-Biogen, Bogor since Maytill November 2009. Genetic material used were MR 851, PK 36, GG1, Laode Kase, Laode Kapala, JT 27, Arsyad Labone, Wonogiri Merah, A x S,F x M, SM 9, C x M, F x A and BO2 by using 25 primers. The activity consisting germplasm collecting of cashew (14 accessions), followed laboratoryactivities such as: DNA extraction and purification, loading and running of PCR product, RAPD and data analysis. Results shows that 25 primersused are 16 primers shown DNA band pattern, one of them was monomorphism and one specific primer which shown DNA band pattern of cashew,i.e: BO2, SM9 and JT27. Germplasm collection of cashew has wide variation. At 70% coefficient, 14 accessions of cashew were divided to threegroups where first group were content 11 individual (MR 851, PK 36, Laode Kase, GG1, Laode Kapala, A x S, F x A, C x M, Arsyad Labone,Wonogiri Merah, and F x M), while second group were content two individuals (BO2 and SM9). Moreover, in first group itself sh own wide variationamong 11 accessions.
PENENTUAN DOSIS PUPUK LADA PERDU BERDASARKAN POPULASI Ferry, Yulius
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Pemupukan pada tanaman lada perdu sering menggunakan dosis per individu yang sama dengan populasi tanaman/ha yang berbeda. Pemupukan seharusnya akan berbeda pada batas tertentu dari populasi tanaman, akibat persaingan dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam. Untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk yang tepat pada beberapa populasi lada perdu telah dilakukan penelitian mulai tahun 2010 sampai 2011 di KP Cahaya Negeri Lampung Utara. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi, 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Petak pertama adalah perlakuan populasi tanaman lada/hektar yaitu 3.300, 2.500, 1.660 dan 1.250 tanaman/ha, dan anak petak adalah dosis pupuk lada perdu yaitu 300, 240, dan 180 g/tanaman/tahun NPKMg. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada populasi tanaman lada perdu 2.500-3.300 tanaman/ha dosis pupuk yang tepat adalah 180 g/tanaman/tahun pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif dan 240 g/tanaman/tahun pada fase generatif. Pada populasi 1.250–1.660 tanaman/ha dosis pupuk yang tepat adalah 240 g/tanaman/tahun pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif dan 300 g/tanaman/tahun pada fase generatif.DETERMINATION OF FERTILIZER DOSE OF BUSHY PEPPER BASED ON POPULATIONABSTRACTIt is often the use of individual plant basis is preferred rather than plant population in determination of fertilizer need for crop growing. In fact, there might some extent be difference under certain circumstances. Factors like type of plants, density, canopy structure and distribution of feeder roots of plants concerned may affect the affectivity and efficiency fertilizer application. To determine the appropriate dose of fertilization on bushy pepper, a research was established at Cahaya Negeri Research Station, North Lampung from 2010 to 2011. A split plot design with 12 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments tested were the bushy pepper population per hectare, namely: 1) 3.300 plants/ha, J2) 2.500 plants/ha, J3) 1.660 plants/ha, and J4) 1.250 plants/ha; and doses of fertilization: P1) 300 g/plant/year NPKMg; P2) 240 g/plant/year and NPKMg: P3) 180 g/plant/year NPKMg. The results showed that on population of bushy pepper 2.500-3.300 plants/ha, appropriate rates of fertilizer application were 180 and 240 g/plant/year, for vegetative and generative growth phases, respectively. While for plant population of 1.250-1.660 plants/ha, adequate fertilization were 240 and 300 g /plant/year, for vegetative and generative growth phases, respectively.
Analisis Perdagangan Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional Meiri, Anggi; Nurmalina, Rita; Rifin, Amzul
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen dan eksportir kopi terbesar di dunia. Akan tetapi, pertumbuhan volume ekspor kopi di Indonesia lebih rendah dari pertumbuhan produksinya. Rendahnya ekspor kopi Indonesia disebabkan oleh banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan kopi Indonesia di pasar internasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan kopi Indonesia di pasar internasional dan menerangkan potensi perdagangan kopi Indonesia di negara tujuan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data panel dengan gravity model dan analisis potensi perdagangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peubah yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspor kopi Indonesia adalah GDP riil/kapita Indonesia, GDP riil/kapita negara tujuan, jarak ekonomi antara Indonesia dengan negara tujuan, dan keanggotaan WTO. Sementara itu, Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk melakukan ekspansi perdagangan kopi ke negara-negara tujuan di masa yang akan datang karena perdagangan kopi Indonesia di negara tujuan masih under trade. Implikasi kebijakan adalah Indonesia harus meningkatkan pangsa pasar dengan memprioritaskan untuk mengekspor kopi ke Mesir dan Aljazair karena kedua negara tersebut memiliki pertumbuhan GDP riil/kapita yang tinggi dan perdagangan kopi Indonesia di Mesir dan Aljazair masih under trade.Kata Kunci: Kopi, ekspor, gravity modelIndonesia is one of the largest coffee producer and exporter in the world. However, the growth of Indonesia’s coffee export volume is lower than that of its production. Indonesia’s coffee export is low due to many factors affecting the Indonesia’s coffee trade in international market. The purposes of this study are to explain the factors that influence Indonesia’s coffee trade in international market and the trade potential of Indonesian coffee in destination countries. The analysis methods used are analysis of panel data with gravity model and trade potential analysis. The results showed that variables that significantly influence Indonesia’s coffee exports are real GDP/capita of Indonesia, real GDP/capita of destination countries, economic distance between Indonesia and destination countries, and WTO membership. Meanwhile, Indonesia has potency to expand coffee trade to the destination countries in the future. Therefore, Indonesia should increase the market share by prioritizing of exported coffee to Egypt and Algeria having high in real GDP/capita growth rate.
PEMANFAATAN CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID SEBAGAI SUMBER FENOL ALAMI PADA INDUSTRI Towaha, Juniaty; Ahmadi, Nur Rofiq
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Use of cashew nut shell liquid as sources of phenol in industries. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a dark brown viscous liquidextracted from cashew nut shell. The main components of CNSL that is anacardic acid, cardanol and kardol which is a natural phenol compounds.Cardanol compounds have chemical structures similar to phenols synthetic, so the opportunity to substitute or replace the synthetic phenoliccompounds from petroleum derivatives, whose the sources are running low. CNSL compound and its components anacardic acid, cardanol and kardol,and derivatives products have benefits that vary in different industries, as well as substitution of synthetic phenol as a so urce of phenolic compounds,such as the pharmaceutical industry, insecticides, adhesives, varnishes and paints, brake and clutch linings, laminating resin, epoxy resin, castingmetal, cement, surfaktants, rubber formulations and various chemical industries. Until now, Indonesias cashew nut shell not fully utilized, most stillis a waste, so the production of CNSL in Indonesia is still very low. The potential for production of CNSL in Indonesia is actually quite large,therefore, given the various benefits of CNSL and its derivatives in various industries, as well as its superiority in the composition of the molecularstructure and advantages as an environmentally friendly renewable material, then its time CNSL potential contained in the ca shew nut shell can toproductivity and well developed.
Karakteristik Biodiesel Kemiri Sunan [Reutealis trisperma ( Blanco ) Airy Shaw] Menggunakan Proses Transesterifikasi Dua Tahap Aunillah, Asif; Pranowo, Dibyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Biodiesel merupakan alternatif terbaik pengganti bahan bakar diesel yang bersumber dari fosil. Selain dapat digunakan secara langsung pada mesin tanpa modifikasi, biodiesel juga ramah lingkungan. Pengembangan biodiesel kedepan lebih diarahkan ke bahan nonpangan. Salah satu bahan nonpangan yang berpotensi sebagai bahan biodiesel adalah kemiri sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw]. Proses produksi biodiesel minyak kemiri sunan saat ini masih menghasilkan biodiesel yang belum memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lembaga Minyak dan Gas serta di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar bulan November 2011, bertujuan mengevaluasi karakteristik biodiesel kemiri sunan dan membandingkannya dengan SNI (SNI-04-7182-2006) dan standar USA (ASTM D6751). Metode pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan proses transesterifikasi dua tahap. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rendemen biodiesel kemiri sunan mencapai 88% dari volume minyak. Dari 18 kriteria yang diamati, hanya residu karbon yang belum memenui kriteria SNI. Sedangkan untuk standar USA, yang belum memenuhi kriteria adalah residu karbon dan titik nyala.  The Characteristic Of The Philippine Tung [Reutealis Trisperma(Blanco) Airy Shaw] Biodiesel Processed Through Two Step Transesterification ProcessABSTRACT Biodiesel is likely to be the best alternative to replace diesel derived fuel from fossil. It may be used directly onto machines without any necessary modification and be environmental friendly. Biodiesel development in the future will focus on non-edible vegetable oils of many potential sources. Philippine tung [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] might be considered. However, biodiesel production at present has not been standarized by  Indonesian National Standard (SNI). A study was conducted at the Research and Development Center for Oil and Gas Technology and Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverages Crops on November 2011. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of Philippine Tung biodiesel and compared with SNI (SNI-04-7182-2006) and USA standart (ASTM D6751). The method used was a two-stage transesterification process. The result showed that the ratio of biodiesel to total oil volume (v/v) was 88%. From 18 parameters on SNI based there was only carbon residue which is not meet SNI. While based on US standard, flash point and carbon residue didn’t meet with the criteria.
Genetic Variability of 15 Robusta Coffee Genotypes Selected by Farmer Based on SSRs Markers Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin; Randriani, Enny; Dani, Dani; Sulistyorini, Indah; Pabendon, M. B.
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
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Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) has been grown widely in Indonesia, especially in Bengkulu Province. For the last few decades, some farmers have been selected and developed several Robusta clones through plagiotropic shoot grafting technique to replace earlier coffee populations which were derived from seed. Hence, it would reduce the genetic diversity of Robusta coffee at farmer’s field. To understand the genetic variability among 15 Robusta coffee genotypes selected by farmer, it is important to perform molecular analysis. Leaf samples of 15 Robusta coffee genotypes selected by farmer were collected from smallholder Robusta coffee plantations in Bengkulu Province. Genetic diversity analysis was conducted in the Germplasm, Breeding, and Biotechnology Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI). DNA samples were amplified using 34 SSRs markers. The result showed that 23 out of 34 SSRs markers had high polymorphism levels. Allele number per locus ranged from 2-8 with an average of 4 alleles per locus. Dendrogram analysis based on genetic similarity was obtained with score of about 0,44-0,79, and r score = 0,92 (good fit). Based on cluster analysis as well as PCoA analysis, there are three distinct groups of genotypes. Those three groups can be distinguished by specific character of leaf morphotype. Nevertheless, the majority of genotypes were clustered together into the single group. This indicates narrow genetic diversity among Robusta genotypes that selected by farmer.Kopi Robusta telah dikembangkan secara luas di Indonesia, khususnya di Provinsi Bengkulu. Beberapa dekade terakhir sebagian petani telah menyeleksi dan mengembangkan beberapa genotipe dengan teknik sambung tunas plagiotrop untuk merehabilitasi populasi kopi Robusta asal biji. Oleh sebab itu, terdapat peluang terjadinya penurunan keragaman genetik kopi Robusta di lahan petani. Analisis molekuler perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik antar 15 genotipe kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani. Kegiatan analisis keragaman genetik dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Plasma Nutfah, Pemuliaan, dan Bioteknologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi dan Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia (Balitsereal), Maros. DNA diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan 34 marka SSR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23 dari 34 marka SSR yang digunakan mampu menghasilkan tingkat polimorfisme yang tinggi. Jumlah alel berada pada kisaran 2-8 alel per lokus dengan rata-rata 4 alel per lokus SSR. Analisis dendrogram berdasarkan kemiripan genetik diperoleh dengan skor sekitar 0,44-0,79 dan skor r = 0,92 (good fit). Berdasarkan hasil analisis gerombol dan analisis komponen utama diketahui bahwa terdapat tiga kelompok genotipe. Masing-masing kelompok dapat dibedakan berdasarkan karakter morfotipe daun. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar genotipe diklasifikasikan ke dalam satu kelompok. Ini menandakan bahwa keragaman genetik klon-klon kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani cenderung rendah.Keywords: Coffea canephora, klon plagiotropik, kehilangan genetik
Kesesuaian Batang Bawah dan Batang Atas pada Grafting Jambu Mete Supriadi, Handi; Heryana, Nana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Abstract

Produktivitas jambu mete Indonesia sampai saat ini masih tergolong rendah, penyebabnya antara lain: penggunaan bahan tanaman asalan, perbanyakan bahan tanaman yang masih menggunakan biji, dan belum diterapkannya teknologi budidaya anjuran. Usaha untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jambu mete salah satunya dapat dilakukan melalui perbaikan teknik kultivasi yaitu penggunaan bahan tanaman yang dikembangkan secara grafting dengan menggunakan batang atas dari varietas unggul dan batang bawah lokal terpilih. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi tampilan pertumbuhan empat kombinasi grafting jambu mete dengan batang atas asal varietas unggul  dan batang bawah lokal terpilih di lapangan. Penelitian di lakukan di kebun percobaan (KP) Cikampek dari Januari 2009 sampai Desember 2011 dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama (tahun 2009-2010) dilakukan di tingkat pembibitan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dan tiga ulangan. Perlakukan yang diuji yaitu: S1 (Tanjung Bunga + Meteor JK), S2 (Tanjung Bunga + B O2),  S3 (Tanjung Bunga + SM 9),  S4 (Tiwatobi + Meteor JK), S5 (Tiwatobi + B O2), S6 (Tiwatobi + SM 9), S7 (Ende + Meteor JK), S8 (Ende + B O2) dan S9 (Ende + SM 9).  Penelitian tahap kedua (tahun 2010 – 2011) dilakukan di lapangan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dan enam ulangan. Perlakuan yang di uji adalah  empat kombinasi grafting jambu mete yaitu: G1 (Tanjung Bunga + Meteor JK), G2 (Tanjung Bunga + B 02), G3 (Tiwatobi + Meteor JK), dan G4 (Ende + B 02).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pembibitan kombinasi grafting S1 mempunyai persentase keberhasilan yang nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan kombinasi S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 dan S9, kecuali dengan kombinasi S8  tidak berbeda nyata. Pada tingkat lapang kombinasi grafting G1 sampai umur enam bulan di lapang menunjukkan pertumbuhan terbaik yang nyata lebih baik  dibandingkan kombinasi grafting  G2, G3, dan G4.  Koefisien korelasi antara komponen pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, lebar tajuk, jumlah cabang dan jumlah daun) pada grafting jambu mete mempunyai nilai nyata positif. Suitability of Rootstocks and Scions in Cashew Grafting ABSTRACT Indonesian cashew productivity is still relatively low mainly due to the use of imferior planting materials developed from seeds, and improper cultural practices applied by farmers. An effort to increase the productivity of cashew is the use of grafted seedlings developed from combination of scions of high yielding varieties and locally selected cashew accessions as rootstock. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth performance of grafted cashew developed from combination of scions of two high yielding varieties and three locally elected accessions. The study was conducted at Cikampek Research Station from January 2009 to December 2011, in two sequent phases. The first phase  (years 2009 to 2010) was conducted at the nursery level by using a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments tested were: S1 (Tanjung Bunga + Meteor JK), S2 (Tanjung Bunga + B O2), S3 (Tanjung Bunga + SM 9),  S4 (Tiwatobi + Meteor JK), S5 (Tiwatobi + B O2),  S6 (Tiwatobi + SM 9),  S7 (Ende + Meteor JK),  S8 (Ende + B O2) and S9 (Ende + SM 9). The second phase was carried out in years 2010 to 2011 at the field level.  A randomized block design with six replications was used.  The treatments tested were four combination of grafted cashew, namely: G1 (Tanjung Bunga + Meteor JK), G2 (Tanjung Bunga + B 02), G3 (Tiwatobi + Meteor JK), dan  G4 (Ende + B 02). Results showed  at the nursery level, the combination of  S1 had the highest rate of success being significantly higher than those of S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 and S9, but  not for S8. At the field level, the combination G1 accessions yielded the best one. It was much better than those of G2, G3, and G4. Correlation coefficient between the components of growth (plant height, stem diameter, crown width, number of branches and number of leaves) on the grafting of cashew  has a positive value significantly.

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