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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 23561297     EISSN : 25287222     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (JTIDP) published by Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of agricultural science on industrial and beverage crops.
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Articles 407 Documents
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Hubungan Antar Karakter Vegetatif, Komponen Hasil, dan Daya Hasil Kopi Robusta Asal Sambung Tunas Plagiotrop Randriani, Enny; Dani, Dani; Tresniawati, Cici; Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Seleksi klon unggul kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) biasanya memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga diperlukan pendekatan-pendekatan yang mampu mempersingkat waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis korelasi antar karakter vegetatif, komponen hasil, dan daya hasil kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Suka Rami, Kecamatan Bermani Ulu, Kabupaten Curup, Bengkulu dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Delapan karakter vegetatif, 13 karakter komponen hasil, dan dua karakter daya hasil diamati pada pertanaman kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop umur tiga tahun. Korelasi antar karakter dan analisis faktor dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakter daya hasil (produksi buah dan produksi biji beras per pohon) kopi Robusta yang diperbanyak melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop memiliki hubungan yang positif secara kuat dengan lima karakter lainnya, yaitu jumlah cabang sekunder, bobot 100 buah, panjang biji gabah, panjang biji beras, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Oleh sebab itu, kelima karakter tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi positif untuk produktivitas tinggi kopi Robusta yang dikembangkan melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop.Kata kunci: Coffea canephora, seleksi klon, sambung pucuk, tunas plagiotropSelection of Robusta (Coffea canephora) elite clones usually takes a long time, therefore an effective approach is needed to shorten the time. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the vegetative characters, yield and yield components of Robusta coffee derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The research was conducted in the Suka Rami village, District of Bermani Ulu, Curup, Bengkulu Province from January to December 2012. Eight vegetative characters, 13 characters of yield components, and two yield characters were observed at three years old Robusta coffee plantation which derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The correlation between the characters and factor analysis performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows. The analysis showed that the character of the number of secondary branches, weight of 100 coffee fruits, long grain bean, long grain rice, and weight of 100 grains of bean showed a very strong positive correlation with yield characters. Thus, these five characters can be used as selection criteria to obtain superior genotypes of Robusta coffee that developed through plagiotroph bud grafting.
Pemanfaatan Mikroba Rizosfer untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Hara pada Tanaman Lada Herman, Maman; Sasmita, Kurnia Dewi; Pranowo, Dibyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Lada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan tanaman yang penyerapan haranya tinggi dan sebagian besar ditanam di lahan marginal sehingga memerlukan jumlah pupuk yang relatif tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan pada lada, salah satunya dengan menggunakan pupuk hayati yang mengandung mikroba penambat N2 dan pelarut hara P. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh mikroba rizosfer indigenous terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara N, P, dan K pada tanaman lada. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah: K0) tanpa inokulum dan tanpa pupuk (Kontrol), K1) tanpa inokulum + 50% pupuk, K2) tanpa inokulum + 100% pupuk, H1) inokulum Azotobacter (PN LCNa) + 50% pupuk, H2) inokulum Azotobacter (PN LCNb) + 50% pupuk, H3) inokulum Penicillium (PF LSK 1b) + 50% pupuk, H4) inokulum bakteri pelarut fosfat (PF LSK 1a) + 50% pupuk, dan H5) mikoriza + 50% pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikroba penambat N2 (isolat PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) dan pelarut P (isolat PF LSK 1b dan PF LSK 1a) yang masing-masing disertai dengan pemberian pupuk NPK 50% dari dosis anjuran memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan  cabang tanaman lada yang cukup baik. Keempat inokulum tersebut dapat meningkatkan secara nyata bobot segar dan kering tajuk, serta serapan hara N, P dan K oleh tanaman lada dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa inokulum yang dipupuk dengan NPK dosis penuh (100%).  The Use of Rhizosphere Microbes to Improve The Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) ABSTRACT Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) belongs to plants which have high in nutrient uptake. If the plant is grown on marginal lands it will requires a relatively high amount of fertilizer that should be added. Therefore, it needs an effort to improve their efficiency on growing of the crop. The use of bio-fertilizer containing N fixing bacteria and P solubilizing microbes is expected be able to minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of several indigenous rhizosphere microbes on the growth and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K in black pepper. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three reflications was used in this study. The treatments exemined were:  K0) without inoculum and without fertilizer (control), K1) without inoculum + 50% fertilizer, K2) without inoculum + 100% fertilizer, H1) inoculum of Azotobacter (PN LCNa) + 50% fertilizer, H2) inoculum of Azotobacter (PN LCNb) + 50% fertilizer, H3) inoculum of Penicillium (PF LSK 1b) + 50% fertilizer, H4) inoculum of phosphate solubilizinng microbe (PF LSK 1a) + 50% fertilizer, dan H5) mycorrhiza + 50% fertilizer. The results showed that application of N fixing microbes (isolate PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) and P solubilizing microbes (isolate PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) combined with 50% of added fertilizers were able to give better growth of black pepper, particularly in plant height and number of branches. Moreover, application of N fixing and P solubilizing microbes also increased significantly in dry and fresh weight of the shoot and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K compared with without inoculum combined with 100% added NPK fertilizer.
Analisis Kinerja dan Daya Saing Perdagangan Biji Kakao dan Produk Kakao Olahan Indonesia di Pasar Internasional Hasibuan, Abdul Muis; Nurmalina, Rita; Wahyudi, Agus
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Kakao merupakan komoditas yang sangat penting bagi Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara eksportir utama kakao  dalam perdagangan internasional. Pasar kakao dunia masih memiliki potensi sangat tinggi, yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan konsumsi sehingga Indonesia diharapkan mampu meraih peluang pasar yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja dan daya saing perdagangan biji kakao dan produk-produk kakao olahan Indonesia di pasar internasional. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Untuk mengukur daya saing produk kakao Indonesia menggunakan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), dan Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia mengalami surplus dalam perdagangan kakao, yang ditunjukkan oleh tren yang meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Indonesia juga memiliki keunggulan komparatif sebagai eksportir biji kakao dan kakao olahan di pasar internasional. Hasil analisis EPD dan CMSA, terdapat sedikit perbedaan. Analisis EPD hampir semua produk kakao memiliki daya saing, sedangkan analisis CMSA menunjukkan produk-produk kakao yang memiliki daya saing adalah produk-produk kakao olahan. Untuk itu, dalam upaya meningkatkan daya saing produk kakao, baik dalam bentuk biji maupun produk olahan, diperlukan upaya peningkatan kualitas biji kakao dan pengembangan industri hilir. Analysis of performance and competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa and its intermediate products in the international marketABTRACT Cocoa is an important commodity for Indonesia, known as the third largest producing countries after Ivory Coast and Ghana. In the world market, the cocoa likely possesses high potency indicated by its consumption increasing steadily from year to year. It therefore enables Indonesia to play an important role and reach the chance. This study aims to analysis the performance and competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa bean and its intermediate products in the international market. Data used in this study were secondary on which competitive measures such as Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) were approached. Results showed that the country has surplus in trade performance of cocoa bean indicated by its positive trend recently.  As the main exporting country, Indonesian cocoa has comparative advantage, both in form of cocoa bean and its intermediate products. Based on EPD analysis, almost all cocoa products have competitive advantage. While that of CMS analysis, the intermediate products have a higher competitive advantage than the cocoa bean. To improve competitiveness of the products, it needs to develop downstream industry, and some efforts to improve cocoa bean quality.
Pengaruh Formula Fungisida Nabati Minyak Cengkeh dan Serai Wangi terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao Harni, Rita; Taufiq, Efi; Amaria, Widi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
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Penyakit utama busuk buah kakao disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora dapat menurunkan hasil 20%-30%. Pengendalian penyakitdengan fungisida nabati saat ini banyak dikembangkan, dengan tujuan mengurangi dampak negatif dari fungisida sintetik. Fungisidanabati yang digunakan adalah minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi karena mudah didapat dan bersifat fungisidal. Penelitian bertujuanmenganalisis pengaruh formula fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi terhadap perkembangan penyakit busuk buah kakao(BBK) yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat,menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 7 perlakuan, 4 ulangan. Setiap perlakuan diamati 20 buah kakao berukuran 8-10 cm.Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 1) minyak cengkeh+serai wangi, 2) minyak cengkeh+asam salisilat, 3) minyak cengkeh+silikon, 4) seraiwangi+asam salisilat, 5) serai wangi+silikon, 6) fungisida sintetik sebagai pembanding, dan 7) kontrol. Larutan formula (5ml/liter)disemprotkan pada buah setiap 2 minggu sekali sampai buah masak atau dipanen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan,intensitas serangan, kadar senyawa fenol, dan bobot biji kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula fungisida nabaticengkeh dan serai wangi yang diperkaya dengan asam salisilat dan silikon dapat menekan intensitas serangan penyakit busuk buahkakao sebesar 20,48%-65,62%, tidak berbeda nyata dengan fungisida sintetik (73,15%). Besarnya tingkat penekanan penyakit sejalandengan kandungan senyawa fenol pada kuit buah kakao. Semakin tinggi kadar fenol pada kulit buah, maka semakin tinggi penekananpenyakit busuk buah kakao. Penggunaan formula fungisida nabati dapat menekan kehilangan produksi kakao 23,94%-43,02%.Formula terbaik dan dapat dianjurkan untuk pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao adalah minyak cengkeh+serai wangi,cengkeh+asam salisilat, dan serai wangi+silikon.Kata Kunci: Kakao, Phytophthora palmivora, busuk buah kakao, fungisida nabatiBlack pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is a major disease on cacao crops, which can cause yield losses until 20%-30%. Diseasecontrol using botanical fungicide such as the use of clove and citronella oil, which have fungicidal effect, have been developed to reduce the negativeimpact of synthetic fungicide residues. The objectives of this study was to analyze the effect of clove and citronella oil as botanical fungicide formulaon the development of black pod disease and seed weight of cocoa in the field. The study was carried out at farmer’s fields in Mamuju District, WestSulawesi using a randomized block design with 4 replications and 7 treatment. In each treatment was observed 20 cacao pods with size 8-10 cm. Thetreatments were 1) clove + citronella oil, 2) clove oil + salicylic acid, 3) clove oil + silicone, 4) citronella + salicylic acid, 5) citronella + silicone,6) synthetic fungicides as a comparison treatment, and 7) control. The botanical formula was applied by spraying onto the entire surface of pod witha concentration of 5 ml/litre every 2 weeks. Observations were include the percentage of attacks, intensity of the attack, the levels of phenoliccompounds, and seed weight of cacao. The results showed that the formula of botanical fungicide containing clove and citronella oil enriched withsalicylic acid and silicon can suppress disease attack of black pod (20.48%-65.62%), which was not significantly different from synthetic fungicide(73.15%). The level of disease suppression in line with phenolic compounds of cocoa husk. In which, high phenolic contents can reduce black poddisease at a higher level . The use of botanical fungicides formula can suppress the yield loss until 23.94% to 43.02%. The best formulas that canbe recommended in suppressing intensity of black pod disease were clove oil + citronella, clove oil + salicylic acid, and citronella + silicon.
Evaluasi Bakteri Endofit untuk Pengendalian Nematoda Pratylenchus coffeae pada Tanaman Kopi Harni, Rita; Khaerati, Khaerati
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Bakteri endofit adalah bakteri yang hidup dalam jaringan tanaman dan memberikan efek yang baik pada tanaman, dapat diisolasi dari akar, batang, daun, dan buah. Penelitian isolasi, seleksi, dan potensi bakteri endofit untuk mengendalikan nematoda Pratylenchus coffeae pada tanaman kopi telah dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi isolat bakteri endofit yang potensial untuk mengendalikan nematoda pada tanaman kopi. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari akar pertanaman kopi dari daerah Jawa Barat (KP. Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Garut, dan Pengalengan) dan Lampung (KP. Natar, KP. Cahaya Negeri, dan Liwa) menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan. Selanjutnya bakteri endofit diseleksi antagonismenya terhadap nematoda dan kemampuan memicu pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil isolasi bakteri endofit dari akar kopi diperoleh 442 isolat dengan kerapatan populasi bakteri endofit 5x103–5,77x106 cfu/g berat basah akar. Dari 422 isolat yang diuji, 50 isolat (12,3%) di antaranya adalah isolat yang antagonis, 60 isolat (14,21%) terbukti dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil pengujian in vitro dan in vivo di rumah kaca diperoleh 3 isolat yang potensial menekan nematoda P. coffeae dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman kopi, yaitu PG132, PG76, dan LW15.Kata Kunci: Kopi, isolasi, seleksi, potensi, bakteri endofit, nematoda, Pratylenchus coffeaeEndophytic bacteria are bacteria that live inside plant tissues and give a good effect on the plant, and can be isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, and fruit. Isolation, selection and potential of endophytic bacteria to control nematodes (Pratylenchus coffeae) on coffee plant had been carried out in the Laboratory and Greenhouse of Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from January to December 2012. The objectives of the study was to evaluate the potential of endophytic bacterial isolates to control nematodes in coffee plants. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from coffee root crops samples from several areas in West Java (KP. Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Garut, Pengalengan) and Lampung (KP. Natar, KP. Cahaya Negeri and Liwa). Furthermore, the isolates were selected their antagonistic activities and plant growth coffeae plant. A total of 442 isolates endophytic bacteria was obtained from coffee root with a population density of 5x103–5.77x106 cfu/g of fresh weight roots, as many as 50 (12.3%) isolates performed antagonis on nematodes, 60 isolat (14.21%) isolates stimulated the growth of coffeae plant. Result in vitro and in vivo test, there were 3 potential endophytic bacterial isolates, namely PG132, PG76, and LW15, effective to control P. coffeae and increase the coffee growth.
NILAI TAMBAH EKONOMI PENGOLAHAN JAMBU METE INDONESIA Listyati, Dewi; Sudjarmoko, Bedy
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Economic value added of cashew processing in Indonesia. Cashew is one of the commodities that have significance for Indonesia’s economy.Besides the country foreign exchange earner and source of income of farmers, cashew nuts contribute for land conservation. In Indonesia, cashew mostlycultivated by smallholders. The main problem is the low productivity of Indonesian cashew crop and quality of products. The development of thecashew processing industry faced with the constraint of continuity of availability of raw materials. This is because cashew harvest season is generallyonly four months (July-October) per year. Indonesia cashew exports still largely in the raw form, especially to India and Vietnam which is a majorproducer of cashew in the world market. The dominant raw form of cashew export is not benefeting farmers, processing industry and the government(central and local). The loss potential lost opportunity to obtain economic value added, the amount of Rp 1.8 to 2.9 trillion per year. Opportunitycomes from the processing of cashew nuts and CNSL. This product price is stabilize, the market outlook is still very open, both domestic andinternational markets. Demand for exports and growing domestic market, it should be an incentive for farmers, processing industry, and government toexploit its full potential. Besides the increase farmers income, this step will open new employment opportunities in rural as well as opportunitiesincrease foreign exchange. This potential will only materialize if the processing performed by the industry to involve farmers as partners.
KARAKTER MORFOLOGI PALA ASAL GRAFTING MENGGUNAKAN CABANG ORTOTROP DAN PLAGIOTROP Rusli, Rusli; Heryana, Nana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Tanaman pala dapat diperbanyak secara grafting dengan cara menyambung pucuk dari tanaman induk terpilih sebagai batang atas dan anakan dari biji sebagai batang bawah. Pucuk (entres) dapat berasal dari cabang ortotrop atau dari cabang plagiotrop. Penelitian  bertujuan mendapatkan sumber entres yang baik  untuk grafting tanaman pala. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan dari tahun 2010 sampai 2012 di Kebun Percobaan Sukamulya, Sukabumi dengan ketinggian tempat 350 m dari permukaan laut, jenis iklim B (Schmidt and Ferguson), dan jenis tanah latosol merah. Penelitian dirancang dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu tanaman pala yang berasal  grafting dengan entres asal cabang ortotrop dan yang berasal dari cabang plagiotrop. Jumlah tanaman masing-masing 10 tanaman, pengamatan meliputi tinggi batang, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, panjang daun, lebar daun, luas daun, jumlah daun,  indek luas daun (ILD), dan bentuk kanopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman pala yang berasal dari grafting dengan pucuk asal cabang ortotrop mempunyai tinggi batang, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, panjang daun, luas daun, jumlah daun, dan ILD yang lebih baik dibandingkan tanaman pala yang berasal dari benih grafting dengan pucuk yang berasal dari cabang plagiotrop. Demikian juga bentuk kanopi tanaman pala yang berasal dari grafting dengan pucuk asal cabang ortotrop, kanopi lebih sempurna tumbuh ke atas, sedangkan yang berasal dari pucuk plagiotrop tumbuhnya menyamping.MORPHOLOGY CHARACTER OF NUTMEG RAISED BY GRAFTING TECHNIC USING PLAGIOTROP AND ORTOTROP BRANCHABSTRACT Nutmeg plant may be multiplicated through grafting technique by splicing of young shoots (entrees) as upper parts onto seedlings as a bottom parts. The both parts are usually taken from selected perennial lines or the mother plants. The young shoots are usually taken from orthotropic or plagiothrop branches.  A study was conducted at Sukamulya Research Station (Sukabumi) with elevation of 350 m above sea level,  the climate type of B (Schmidt and Fergusson), and soil type of red latosol  from 2010 to 2012. The aim of this study was to find out good entrees in providing of grafted seedlings in nutmeg plant. The treatments evaluated were the use of entrees taken from ortothrop and plagiothrop branches. A number of sampled plants observed were 10 plants of each treatment, whereas parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, length leaf, leaf area index, number of leaves and shape of canopy. The results shows that grafted nutmeg plants developed from ortothrop branches had higher in plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, length of leaf, leaf area index, number of leaf and shape of the canopy showing a good their performance  and significantly different compared to those of plagiothrop branches. In addition, the former was growth up vertically, while the later was growth up horizontally.
Pengaruh Perlakuan Benih dan Media Tanam untuk Meningkatkan Vigor Bibit Kakao Hibrida Baharudin, Baharudin; Rubiyo, Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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Bibit dengan vigor tinggi proses metabolik yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan menjadi aktif sehingga menghasilkan tanaman kakao dengan mutu fisiologis, fisik dan patologis yang baik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara perlakuan benih dengan menggunakan matriconditioning plus agens hayati dan media tanam untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan vigor bibit kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Induk Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia Jember, Laboratorium Benih IPB, Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Mikrobiologi Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia Bogor, pada bulan Juli 2009 sampai April 2010. Penelitian terdiri atas dua faktor dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan benih dan faktor kedua adalah media tanam. Penelitian menggunakan benih kakao dari hasil persilangan buatan antara UIT 1 x Sca 6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih kakao hibrida yang diperlakukan dengan matriconditioning + agens hayati dan ditanam dalam media tanah, pasir, dan kompos (2:1:1) + agens hayati, memiliki pertumbuhan tinggi bibit, bobot kering akar, bobot kering bibit, serta kandungan N dan P pada daun yang lebih tinggi. Benih yang diperlakukan dengan matriconditioning + agens hayati menghasilkan pertumbuhan jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun, dan panjang akar yang lebih tinggi. Perlakuan media tanah, pasir, dan kompos (2:1:1) + T. harzianum DT/38 dan T. pseudokoningii DT/39 menghasilkan pertumbuhan diameter batang, luas daun, jumlah akar, panjang akar dan kandungan K daun yang lebih tinggi.Kata Kunci: Theobroma cacao, agens hayati, benih hibrida, matriconditioning, media tanamGood planting materials both genetically and physiologically are needed to obtain optimal growth and production of cocoa trees. It is however often found suboptimal growth of the crops in the fields be likely due to the cocoa seedlings used are not provided well. A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of seed treatments and growth medium to improve the health and the vigor of cocoa seedlings. The study was conducted at Parent Seed Garden of Indonesian Research Center for Coffee and Cocoa in Jember, IPB Seed Laboratory and Microbiology Laboratory and green house of Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops, Bogor, from July 2009 to April 2010. The factors examined consists two factors arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. The first factor is seed treatments, 2 levels: (1) untreated (control) and (2) seedlings treated with matriconditioning + bio control agents (T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningii, density of 106 spores/ml). The second factros is growth medium (composition of soil and others) consisting of 6 levels: (1) soil; (2) soil:san (2:1); (3) soil:compost (2:1); (4) soil:sand:compost (2:1:1); (5) soil:compost (2:1) + T. harzianum and T. Pseudokoningii, density of 106 spores/ml; (6) soil:sand:compost (2:1:1) + T. harzianum and T. Pseudokoningii, density of 106 spores/ml each. Results showed that seeds treated with matriconditioning + bio control agents planted on growth medium of soil, sand, and compost (2:1:1) + bio control agents yielded better performance in height of seedlings, dry weight of root, dry weight of seedlings, also N and P content in leaf. Seeds treated with matriconditioning + bio control agents yielded better performance in number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and root length. Growth medium of soil, sand, compost (2:1:1) + T. harzianum and T. Pseudokoningii DT/39 treatment yielded better performance in stem diameter, leaf area, number of root, and K content in leaf.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN DIANTARA TANAMAN JAMBU METE MUDA DI LAHAN MARGINAL Pranowo, Dibyo; Purwanto, Eko Heri
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
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The use of space among young cashew trees in marginal lands. Cashew trees are mostly planted in monoculture way, so it would be not efficient in using the space of lands. As the crops widely planted and increase of their canopy with its ages, there is avail able space that might be used for growing crops, particulary those do not need full intensity of the sun. This enable many annual crops such as corn, peanuts, upland rice that may be grown among the trees. The use of annual crops should take into account their tolency to the sun intensity. The cashew trees having root system which develop laterally need certain technology that might be develepod. Some intercrops that might be suitable be grown among them are corn, peanut, and upland rice. Previous results revealed that growing annual crops like corn yielded of 4.5 ton/ha, peanut of 975 k g/ha, and combination of the both of 3981 kg/ha and 308 kg/ha, while those of situbagendit upland rice yielded of 2.9 ton. The results showed that growing the intercrops among the cashew tress may give reasonable income for farmers as alternatively solution in optimizing of the space of lands between cashew rees.
Formulasi Pemupukan Berimbang pada Tanaman Lada di Bangka Belitung Daras, Usman; Sobari, Iing; Towaha, Juniaty
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Banyak faktor yang diperkirakan menjadi penyebab masih rendahnya rataan produksi lada di Bangka Belitung, termasuk pemeliharaan tanaman yang belum optimal. Dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil lada, sebagian petani telah menggunakan pupuk N, P dan K meskipun jumlah dan/komposisi unsur pupuk yang diberikan mungkin tidak sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan formula dan dosis pemupukan N, P dan K untuk memperbaiki pertumbuhan dan produksi lada di Bangka Belitung. Faktor yang diuji adalah komposisi NPK, 3 macam (K1 = NPK 12:12:17; K2 = NPK 15:15:15; dan K3 = NPK 12:8:20), yang masing-masing terdiri atas 3 taraf dosis pemupukan (D1 = 1,8; D2 = 2,4; dan D3 = 3,0 kg NPK/ph/th). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan dan ukuran petak 16 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk 1,8 kg per pohon merupakan dosis pemupukan yang cukup memadai untuk budidaya tanaman lada dewasa (TM) di wilayah Bangka Belitung. Dosis pupuk tersebut, 25% lebih rendah dari anjuran umum pemupukan. Ketika komposisi NPK 12:12:17 tidak tersedia di pasaran, maka komposisi pupuk NPK 15:15:15 adalah alternatif pupuk yang dapat digunakan. Namun, dengan memperhatikan karakteristik tanaman lada dan kondisi agroklimat wilayah Bangka Belitung maka penggunaan komposisi pupuk NPK 12:8:20 dengan dosis 1,8 kg/pohon lebih dianjurkan.  Formulation of Balanced Fertilizers on Black Pepper Grown in Bangka Belitung ABSTRACT Many factors believed affect the growth and yields of black pepper in Bangka Belitung. The low productivity of black pepper in the areas is mainly attributed to imbalanced manuring, poor management practices and disease incidence. To improve yields of the crop, farmers commonly use fertilizers despite the fact that the amounts and kind of nutrients added might not meet its requirement for optimum growth. A research was established to investigate effects of fertilizer compositions and rates on growth and yields of mature black pepper grown at Bangka, from January to December 2011. Treatments examined were composition of NPK fertilizers, 3 kinds of NPK (15:15:15, 12:12:17, and 12:8:20), consisting of three rates each (1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 kg/tree). The treatments were arranged in randomized block design with 3 replicates and plot size of 16 plants. Results revealed that application of 1.8 kg/tree was likely to be an adequate amount of fertilizer rate that should be added to give comparable growth and yields in black pepper. It means that the added ferlitizers was 25 percent lower than those of the recommended one as much as 2.4 kg of NPK 12:12:17/tree/year. As the recommended fertilizer hard to be obtained in a local place recently, the use of NPK 15:15:15 may therefore be suggested for black pepper growing in Bangka Belitung. For long term purpose, the use of 1.8 kg NPK 12:8:20/tree would however be a preferably added fertilizer in relation to the characteristics of the crop and agro-climatic condition of Bangka Belitung.

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