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INDONESIA
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Published by Universitas Riau
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Articles 9,313 Documents
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STRATEGI ALIANSI QUADRILATERAL SECURITY DIALOGUE (QUAD) DALAM MENANGGAPI ESKALASI KONFLIK LAUT CHINA SELATAN (TAHUN 2020-2024) Adila, Nisa; Renolafitri, Hendrini
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

The Peace Corps is a United States instrument in Indonesia that focuses on English language teaching programs in rural areas of Indonesia, not only as a means of educational assistance but also as a tool of US foreign diplomacy. Through the concept of non-military, the United States seeks to build a positive image, strengthen bilateral relations, and spread values in partner countries such as Indonesia. This study analyzes the interests of the United States in Indonesia through the Peace Corps in 2021. This analysis uses a qualitative method with the Offensive Realism theory by John J. Mearsheimer, namely that a country will continue to strive to increase its power in strategic areas with military or non-military forces. This study also uses the concept of national interest from Donald E. Nuechterlain. The result of the study show that the United States utilizes the Peace Corps as a strategic instrument to achieve its interests, particularly ideological ones through the dissemination of individualistic and open values, as well as world order interests through strengthening its influence in Southeast Asia. The Peace Corps is also part of the United States' nation-branding strategy on the global stage. Thus, the Peace Corps program is not merely a form of humanitarian cooperation, but rather reflects the United States' foreign policy interests, implemented through a long-term social and cultural approach. Keywords: Peace Corps, National Interest, Soft Power, offensive Realism, Nation Branding
PERAN INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO) DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH PEKERJA ANAK DI INDIA TAHUN 2020-2022 Fadillah, Muhammad Irfan; Saeri, Mohammad
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

Child labor remains a global issue, particularly in developing countries like India, which recorded significant child labor figures during 2020–2022. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the ILO in addressing child labor issues in India during the 2020–2022 period through various programs, technical cooperation, and the ratification of international conventions. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, and data collection techniques Within the theoretical framework, this study utilizes the theory of international organizations as proposed by Clive Archer, which positions international organizations as instruments, arenas, and independent actors within the international system. This theory is relevant to examining how the ILO carries out its functions, both as a tool for member states in formulating policies, as a forum for international actors to interact, and as an independent entity capable of making its own decisions. As an instrument, the ILO runs programs such as the Measurement, Awareness Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP16), and Policies, Partnerships, Learning & Local Empowerment (PPLL), which support education and community empowerment. As an arena, the ILO provides a forum for discussion, multilateral cooperation, and policy advocacy that encourages the ratification of international conventions related to child labor. As an independent actor, the ILO independently drafted Conventions 138 and 182 and created a specific program to address child labor issues, the International Programme on Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC). Nevertheless, this study found that fundamental challenges—primarily poverty, social inequality, and weak legal implementation—remain major obstacles to the complete elimination of child labor in India. Keywords: Child labor, International Labor Organization (ILO), India, Instruments, Arena, Independent Actors
UPAYA UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR) DALAM MENANGANI MASALAH PENGUNGSI ROHINGYA DI PROVINSI ACEH TAHUN 2020-2023 Hasanah, Nur; Iskandar, Irwan
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of handling Rohingya refugees in Aceh Province from 2020 to 2023, focusing on social, political, humanitarian, and inter-agency coordination aspects. The increasing influx of arrivals has made Aceh Province a major transit area for Rohingya refugees fleeing the conflict and humanitarian crisis in Myanmar. This study examines the roles of UNHCR, local governments, NGOs, and local communities in responding to the crisis through various stages, from emergency rescue and registration to placement and relocation planning to more centralized shelters. The research method used was a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis of official documents, humanitarian organization reports, and other secondary data. This study utilizes a liberal institutionalism perspective, which refers to the state requiring a specific organizational role in addressing a phenomenon. This perspective is then developed using international organization theory, focusing on UNHCR's efforts to respond to, address, and resolve the Rohingya refugee crisis in Aceh Province. The results of this study indicate that UNHCR's efforts to address the Rohingya refugee problem in Aceh Province encompass several aspects, including providing basic protection, registering and determining refugee status, providing basic assistance such as shelters and healthcare during the pandemic, and working collaboratively with international institutions, local governments, and NGOs. These efforts emphasize refugee protection while implementing humanitarian policies as a means of protection for refugees, developed by international organization theory. These efforts are said to be effective in protecting the rights of Rohingya refugees in Aceh Province, but they still face challenges such as limited legal protection, a lack of human resources, and resistance from the local community. Keywords: Rohingya refugees, UNHCR, Aceh Government, humanitarian crisis
EKSPOR BRIKET ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA INDONESIA KE KOREA SELATAN TAHUN 2019-2020 (Studi Kasus: PT. Tom Cococha Indonesia di Jawa Barat) Andari, Fiolina Putri; Retaningsih, Umi Oktyari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

Coconut shell charcoal briquettes are a high value-added derivative of coconut cosmmodities, offering strong export potential and significant contributions to national foreign exchange earnings. This study investigates Indonesia’s export prospects for coconut shell charcoal briquettes in the international market, with a particular focus on South Korea—a country with one of the highest charcoal consumption rates in East Asia. The research centers on international trade activities for this product under the Harmonized System (HS) code 440290. A qualitative case study approach was employed, drawing on data from observations, in-depth interviews, literature reviews, and official sources such as Statistics Indonesia (BPS), UN Comtrade, and the International Trade Centre (ITC). The studi showed that Indonesian briquettes are highly competitive in the South Korean market due to their superior properties: high fixed carbon content, low ash levels, stable combustion, and environmentally friendly characteristics. Despite this advantage, significant challenges remain—particularly a shortage of raw materials driven by excessive raw coconut exports and insufficient national regulation governing supply for downstream industries. Additional constraints include logistical bottlenecks and limited shipping access. The study recommends assertive policy intervention to balance raw coconut exports with the development of value-added processing industries, thereby enhancing Indonesia’s position within the global alternative energy supply chain. Keywords: charcoal briquette, coconut shell, export, South Korea, alternative energy, international trade.
FLUKTUASI VOLUME IMPOR KURMA INDONESIA DARI ARAB SAUDI TAHUN 2019-2023 Aditia, Ian; Iskandar, Irwan
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are one of the important agricultural commodities with high economic and cultural value, especially in predominantly Muslim countries. In Indonesia, dates are not only consumed as everyday fruit, but also play a crucial role in religious traditions, especially during the month of Ramadan and the Eid al-Fitr holiday. As a tropical country, Indonesia does not have significant date production capacity to meet domestic needs. Saudi Arabia, as one of the largest date producers in the world with globally recognized quality, has long been Indonesia's main trading partner in this commodity. The formulation of this research is to analyze the factors that may influence changes in import volume and to understand the volume of demand for imported dates in Indonesia. Descriptive analysis is used to illustrate the trend of import volume over time. The theory in this research is the Nation-State Level of Analysis and International Trade Theory. The data used in this research is secondary data in the form of Indonesia's date import volume from Saudi Arabia from 2019 to 2023. The research findings indicate a significant variation in the volume of date imports from Saudi Arabia during the observed period, with peaks tending to occur just before the month of Ramadan. These fluctuations can be influenced by several factors, including changes in date prices in the international market, currency exchange rates, trade policies, domestic consumer demand, as well as logistical and distribution factors. Understanding these fluctuations is important for stakeholders, including importers, distributors, the government, and consumers, to plan better supply and maintain price stability in the domestic market. Keywords: Dates, Fluctuation, International Trade, Import Volume
UPAYA OPTIMALISASI EKSPOR BUAH MANGGIS INDONESIA KE TIONGKOK MELALUI ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AREA (ACFTA) TAHUN 2021 Zaren, Aisyah Salsabillah; Renolafitri, Hendrini
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This research discusses the efforts to optimize the export of Indonesian mangosteen to China through the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) scheme. As a strategic horticultural commodity, mangosteen has a high economic value and plays a role in supporting the national economy. ACFTA provides a significant opportunity for Indonesia with the elimination of tariff barriers and the reduction of non-tariff barriers, thereby further opening up market access to China. This is a qualitative study with data collection conducted through library research and internet research. The theory used is the theory of comparative advantage. This research also employs a state level of analysis, an approach in international relations that views the state as the main actor and unit of analysis in understanding global political, economic, and security dynamics. The research findings indicate that optimizing the export of Indonesian mangosteen to China through ACFTA requires synergy among the government, exporter associations, and business actors. The efforts that must be made include improving product quality through certification, providing modern post-harvest facilities, supply chain efficiency, and diversifying processed mangosteen products to meet Chinese consumer preferences. With this strategy, Indonesia can not only strengthen its position in the international market but also increase the horticulture sector's contribution to national economic growth. Keywords: Mangosteen, International Trade, ACFTA, Export, Horticulture, China, Optimization
PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) OLEH DINAS SOSIAL KOTA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2020-2022 Mahdalena, Desi; ,, Adlin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

Poverty remains one of the major social issues in Pekanbaru City. As an effort to address this problem, the government implements the Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH), which is expected to improve the welfare of poor families through support in education, health, and social sectors. This study aims to examine and analyze the implementation of PKH by the Pekanbaru City Social Service during the period 2020–2022. This research employed a qualitative method with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using William N. Dunn’s policy evaluation theory, which includes effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, responsiveness, and accuracy, in order to provide a comprehensive picture of the program’s implementation. The results show that PKH in Pekanbaru City has been carried out in accordance with general guidelines and has provided tangible benefits for beneficiary families, particularly in supporting children’s education and maternal and child health. However, the number of poor people increased from 30.40 thousand in 2020 to 35.96 thousand in 2022. This indicates that PKH functions more as a social safety net than as a primary instrument for poverty reduction. Overall, the program can be considered effective and efficient, although it still faces challenges related to data accuracy, limited facilitators, and delays in disbursement. Keywords: Effectiveness, Family Hope Program, Policy Evaluation
UPAYA PEMERINTAH DESA MEMBANGUN DESA BONAI KECAMATAN BONAI DARUSSALAM KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU TAHUN 2020-2024 Maysari, Siti; ,, Adlin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

Village development efforts are a national goal to create independence and community welfare, making villages the subject of development as mandated by Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. In Rokan Hulu Regency, one example of this success is seen in Bonai Village, Bonai Darussalam District, which succeeded in improving its status from "very underdeveloped" to "developing" in the 2020-2024 period. This success is inseparable from the active role of the Bonai Village Government in implementing the three main functions of village government According to Ryass Rasyid. The purpose of this study is to describe the process and results of the implementation of development, service, and community empowerment functions by the Bonai Village Government during that period. This study uses a descriptive approach to describe various initiatives and their impacts. The research results show that: the development function has been successful through various physical projects such as road cementing, public facility construction, and active community participation in mutual cooperation. The service function has shown significant improvements in the quality of administration, health services (including COVID-19 response and stunting prevention), and education management (early childhood education and Islamic boarding schools). Meanwhile, the community empowerment function has succeeded in increasing community knowledge through discussions and training (such as village-owned enterprise (Bumdes) governance and computer skills), as well as local economic development with investor support that produces superior products. Overall, the synergy of these three functions has resulted in an increase in the Village Development Index (IDM) of Bonai Village, although the sustainability and optimization of each aspect require further attention. Keywords: Efforts, Building, Village
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DI DESA RAWANG SARI KECAMATAN PANGKALAN LESUNG KABUPATEN PELALAWAN TAHUN 2022 Sari, Widya Firdia; ,, Adlin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This research is motivated by the importance of community participation in the success of village-level development. The objective is to identify the level of community participation in development in Rawang Sari Village, Pangkalan Lesung District, Pelalawan Regency in 2022. This study uses a descriptive mixed methods approach, with data collection techniques including questionnaires, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The theoretical framework used is Cohen and Uphoff's participation model, which divides participation into four main stages: planning, implementation, acceptance, and development evaluation. The results of the study show that the level of community attendance in the Village Development Deliberation in 2022 is still relatively low, namely only 33 people out of 80 invitees (41.25%). However, community participation is present in various forms at each stage of development: At the Planning stage, the most dominant form of participation is in the form of money (24%). At the Implementation stage, the most dominant form of participation is in the form of ideas (26%). At the Acceptance stage, the most dominant form of participation is in the form of expertise. At the Assessment stage, the most dominant form of participation is in the form of ideas. Keywords: Community Participation, Village Development, Planning.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN BANK SAMPAH DI KECAMATAN TEBINGTINGGI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MERANTI TAHUN 2023 Kholisa, Nurul; ,, Adlin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 12: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Abstract

This study was motivated by a government policy regarding a program called the Waste Bank. This study was conducted in Tebing Tinggi District, Meranti Islands Regency, Number 2 of 2020 concerning Waste Management. The formulation in this study is how the government plays a role in managing the Waste Bank, which is one of the alternatives for waste management in Indonesia. The research used by the author is field research. This study uses the theory of the Role of Government by Ryaas Rasyid (2010), which includes 1) the role of government as a regulator, 2) the role of government as a dynamizer, 3) the role of government as a facilitator, and 4) the role of government as a catalyst. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used by the author are interviews, documentation, and literature study. In this study, the data analysis technique used is qualitative, based on the data obtained. The data collection techniques are conducted through interviews and document searches. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results of this study found that the Meranti Islands Regency Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2020 concerning waste management is an amendment to Meranti Islands Regency Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2018, The implementation of Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2020 concerning waste management in Tebing Tinggi District, Meranti Islands Regency, in 2023 shows that the local government has carried out these four roles, although there are still various obstacles in its implementation. As a regulator, the government has issued a decree on the establishment of a waste bank, but it has not been accompanied by clear guidelines, technical guidelines, and SOPs. As a facilitator, the government provides infrastructure, but not comprehensively, especially in the procurement of the main equipment, namely shredders. As a dynamizer, socialization and recycling competitions are held, but they are not yet carried out regularly and comprehensively. As a catalyst, the government strives to build collaboration with the community and educational institutions, although cross-sector partnerships are not yet optimal. Keywords: Role of Government, Waste Bank, Regulation, Community Participation

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