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INDONESIA
Pelita Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia
ISSN : 02150212     EISSN : 24069574     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebuna
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Pelita Perkebunan, Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal (CCRJ): ISSN:0215-0212 Since its establishment in 1911, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) formerly Besoekisch Proefstation, had published its research findings through a journal call Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation. Between 1948-1981 the research institute was under the supervision of Bogor Research Institute for Estate Crops, and published its research findings through De Bergcultures which was later changed to Menara Perkebunan. Since the institute held the national mandate for coffee and cocoa commodities, and due to rapid increase in the research findings, ICCRI published its first issue of Pelita Perkebunanjournal in April 1985. Pelita Perkebunanis an international journal providing rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles concerned with coffee and cocoa commodities based on the aspects of agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, crop protection, postharvest technology and social economy. Papers dealing with result of original research on the above aspects are welcome, with no page charge. Pelita Perkebunan is managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), which publish the research findings not only for coffee and cocoa but also other commodities relevant with coffee and cocoa, i.e. shade trees, intercrops and wind breakers.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 35 No 2 (2019)" : 10 Documents clear
Effect of ascorbic acid on chemical content and viability of cocoa seed after storage Willy Daniel Sekewael; Endang Pudjihartati; Teguh Iman Santoso
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.354

Abstract

Storage of oily seeds will make the seeds deteriorated, this caused by auto-oxidation. It will changes the biochemical and physiology of the seeds. Application of Antioxidant can prevent the activity of auto-oxidation. This research aimed to study the effect of ascorbic acid to minimize the deterioration by observing the chemical content and viability of Theobroma cacao L. seeds. It was conducted at kaliwining experimental station, Indonesia Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java and at Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Central Java. The research used Completely Randomized Design and T-test analysis. The treatments consisted of four ascorbic acid concentrations, i.e. 0 ppm as control, 250 ppm, 300 ppm, and 350 ppm. The treated cacao seeds were stored on two shelf life i.e. 1 week and 2 weeks. Each treatment was repeated with seven replications. Data analysis used SAS 9.0. The results showed that ascorbic acid application can effect on reducing sugar, protein, lipid, free fatty acid content, and viability of cocoa seeds. Ascorbic acid with concentration of 250 ppm and 300 ppm can maintain cocoa seeds viability until 2 weeks of shelf life.
Characteristics of coffee as a response to different environmental conditions in Lampung: I. Morphological variations Erwin Prastowo; Rina Arimarsetiowati
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.357

Abstract

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish their both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different environmental conditions, i.e. altitudes, slopes, and micro-climates, in Lampung. Local superior coffee clones were selected from 8 farms to evaluate in terms of their yield components and growth characters. Three key issues are considered to observe quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits. The qualitative characteristics of leaves and cherries, i.e. colour and shape, were also assessed to support the comparative data analysis. The results show a similarity of ca. 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis shows a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, fruit width, and fruit thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and width, and the number of productive branches. Conversely, part of yield component, such as weight of fruits, may be affected by altitude as some accessions, e.g. number 1 and 8, demonstrating a pronounced character in the principal component analysis. The same analysis reveals that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicate a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that environmental condition variation in Lampung may affect to a lesser extent the morphological characters of Robusta coffee.
Genetic components estimation of F1 population of cocoa (Theobromacacao L.) in drought stress condition. Adinda Wuriandani; Sobir Sobir; Desta Wirnas; Agung Wahyu Susilo
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.376

Abstract

Drought stress is a major constraint in cocoa production. The use of drought tolerant clone is the most efficient tool to overcome drought problem in cocoa production. North Carolina II (NCII) mating-design was used to identify parental and progeny performance in drought stress. The crossing consisted of three female parent clones namely KW 516, Sulawesi 3, and TSH 858, while male parent clones were ICCRI 09 and Scavina 6 then produced 6 combinations crosses. Genotypes used were 11 genotypes consisted of 5 parent clones and 6 cross genotypes. Drought treatment was applied to cocoa seedlings at 6 weeks after sowing with 25% and 100% available water content. The plants were maintained without water for five days to modulate the drought intensity. Variables observed were stem diameter, root length, root volume, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio characters at 16 weeks after sowing. Based on the estimated general combining ability (GCA) value, TSH 858 was the best female parent, while Scavina 6 was the best male parent. Based on the estimated specific combining ability (SCA) value Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 and TSH 858 x Scavina 6 were the best crosses. Based on the estimation of its genetic components, characters of drought tolerance stress were affected by additive genes. The dominant gene only affected the root fresh weight and root/shoot ratio. Based on SSI values, TSH 858 and Sulawesi 3 clones were drought-resistant clones, ICCRI 09 was moderate clone, and KW 516 and Scavina 6 were susceptible. Some of the findings were in contrast with earlier study.
Effect of ascorbic acid on chemical content and viability of cocoa seed after storage. Willy Arnold Daniel Sekewael; Endang Pudjihartati; Teguh Iman Santoso
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.377

Abstract

Storage of oily seeds will give the seeds deteriorated faster due to oil auto-oxidation. It will changes the biochemical and physiological of the seeds. Reducing sugar, protein and fat are biochemical compound those support the seeds during germination. Auto-oxidation of fat can produce free fatty acids whichcause seeds to lose viability and vigor during storage. Application of antioxidant can prevent the activity of auto-oxidation. This research aimed to study the effect of ascorbic acid to minimize the deterioration by observing the chemical content and viability of Theobroma cacao L. seeds. It was conducted at KaliwiningExperimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java and at Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, Central Java. The research used completely randomized design and T-test analysis. The treatments consisted of four ascorbic acid concentrations, i.e. 0 ppm as control, 250 ppm, 300 ppm, and 350 ppm. The treated cacao seeds were stored for two shelf life i.e. 1 week and 2 weeks. Each treatment was repeated with seven replications. Data analysis used SAS 9.0. The results showed that application 250 and 300 ppm of ascorbic acid increased reducing sugar, protein content decreased fat and free fatty acid content of cocoa seeds. Application of 350 ppm of ascorbic acid decreased reducing sugar, protein, fat content and increased free fatty acid content of cocoa seeds. Application of ascorbic acid with concentration of 250 ppm and 300 ppm could maintain cocoa seeds viability upto 2 weeks of shelf life.
Morphological Variations of Robusta Coffee As a Response to Different Altitude in Lampung Erwin Prastowo; Rina Arimarsetiowati
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.378

Abstract

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey in Lampung aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different altitudes.Local superior coffee clones were selected from eight farms, and subjected to identifications. Three key issues were concerned for both quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits, and qualitatively such as leaves and fruit characteristics, i.e. colour and shape. The analysis shows a similarity of about 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis showed a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, -width, and -thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and -width, and number of productive branches. It was revealed that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicated a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. A high heterogeneity related to environmental conditions, genotypic variations, plant nutritional status, and agronomic practices, which unable to confirm in the present study, may limit the specific conclusions.
Chlorogenic Acid Isolation from Coffee as Affected by the Homogeneity of Cherry Maturity Husniati Husniati; Devi Oktiani
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.379

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid is a polyphenol compound which has an antioxidant properties. The objectives of this research are to understand and compare the characteristics of caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and polyphenolic content in Robusta coffee treated differently. These are necessary to find out effective postharvest methodfor chlorogenic acid extraction. There were two group of samples with the different treatment in process and post harvests. The coffee was treated differently during the sortation and classified into selected coffee of red cherry (fully mature cherry) and unselected coffee (partly mature cherry). The sortation was to maximize the chlorogenic acid content in green coffee bean sample from red cherry bean as the raw material. This research found that the contents of chlorogenic acid extract of green coffee bean from the selected red cherry was higher than the unselected. The HPLC analysis for chlorogenic acid contents of green coffeebean from the selected red cherry was 4.41%, it was higher than other samples tested.
Serum lipid profiles of ovariectomized rats following short-term administration of cocoa powder and ethanolic extract. Ariza Budi Tunjung Sari; Misnawi Misnawi; Pratiwi Pudjiastuti; Afaf Baktir
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.380

Abstract

Estrogen depletion increases the risk of dyslipidemia by triggering higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) besides depressed level of high density lipoprotein (HDL). This study was conducted to investigate the potential of cocoa products to affect serum lipid profile in the estrogen-deficient rats. Thirty adult female wistar rats were divided into five groups i.e. four groups contained ovariectomized rats, and one group consisted of intact rats. The test articles were all dissolved in olive oil and administered orally, comprising of 1 g/kg body weight (BW) cocoa powder, 1 g/kg BW cocoa extract, 1 mg/kg BW estradiol valerate, 10 ml/kg BW olive oil as carrier. Intact group was given drinking water. After three-day administration, the rats were terminated and serum lipid profile was observed. The trial obtained ethical approval from the Animal Care and Use Committee, Veterinary Faculty, Airlangga University (Certificate No. 620-KE). The result showed that carrier group developed higher LDL and lower HDL levels, as well as greater LDL/HDL ratio compared to that of intact group. Estradiol valerate group had significantly elevated TG level. Cocoa powder and cocoa extract groups showed small and non-significant changes in TC, TG and HDL. Surprisingly, consumption of cocoa extract that is rich in polyphenols had resulted highest mean of LDL levels among other groups. It was hypothesized that polyphenol in cocoa extract had affected expression of LDL receptors (LDLR) due to an antagonistic activity against estrogen receptor alpha (ERá). To conclude, neither cocoa powder nor cocoa extract exhibits significant estrogenic effect on the serum lipid profile of estrogen-deficient rats.
Study on Relationship Between Age and Coffee Preference: Application to Specialty Coffee Association Brewing Control Chart Joy Xue
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.381

Abstract

The Specialty Coffee Association Brewing Control chart has been used for the past 50 years, and is intended to assist the coffee brewer by stating the brew ratio and TDS (total dissolved solids) value needed to brew an “ideal” cup of coffee. Since coffee is a common and popular beverage that is consumed among populations ranging from children to elders, the objective of this study was to find out whether taste preferences in coffee vary based on age and whether these preferences match the current brewing control chart standard. Data collected in this study was based on a taste test with 32 total participants selected randomly. Of these participants, 10 fell into the 10-19 years old age range, 5 in the 20-29 range, 4 in the 30-39 range, 7 in the 40-49 range, and 6 in the 50-59 range. Based on the data from these respondents, no obvious trend between age range and coffee preference was observed; but, this is subject to change with larger sample sizes.Overall taste preferences, however, do generally fit the current standard ideal range on the coffee brewing control chart.
Analysis of Specialty Coffee Business Performances: Focus on Management of Farmer Organizations in Indonesia Diany Faila Sophia Hartatri; Lya Aklimawati; Jeffrey Neilson
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.382

Abstract

Indonesian specialty coffee farmer organization is established by Government of Indonesia (GoI) for managing coffee production, processing, and marketing in farmer group level. Through farm-level industrialization program, the GoI supported coffee farmer organizations in several specialty coffee producing regions for increasing farmers’ livelihoods. These farmer organizations are encouraged to produce higher quality of coffee in term of specialty coffee and link directly with buyers. Therefore, the farmer groups would obtain the profits that can be shared to the members of farmer organizations. This research aims firstly to understand the performances, challenges and risk management of specialty coffee business on farmer organizations level across Indonesia, and secoundly to understand the profits gained by specialty coffee farmer organizations. The research has been conducted in several specialty coffee producing regions, including Bali, East Java, Flores and South Sulawesi. The case study and ethnography were carried out by collecting data through direct observation and in depth interviews. Number of respondents were 27 producer organizations which were selected by judgement sampling method. The data were analyzed by using descriptive method and profit analysis. The research results show that alternative model of value chain interventions (VCIs) is required for improving the profits of specialty coffee business on farmer organizations level and farmers’ livelihoods. Maximization the VCIs to increase the benefits for farmers, the VCIs should be conducted by incorporating both off-farm and on-farm aspects.
Coffee Marketing Mechanism: Social Relations Between Farmers, Collectors, Certification Cooperatives, and Exporters in Aceh, Indonesia Andriadi Andriadi; Rizabuana Ismail; Fikarwin Fikarwin; Badaruddin Badaruddin; Ria Manurung; Henry Sitorus
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 35 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.383

Abstract

Several factors can influence the process of pricing mechanisms, namely competition between market participants, regulation, product quality, and consumer preferences. This is a challenge for Gayo Arabica coffee farmers, where coffee is the main commodity in Central Aceh Regency. This paper aimed to determine the social relations that occur between social actors (farmers, collectors, certification cooperatives and exporters) in the coffee marketing mechanism. This paper used a qualitative research method with a survey approach by conducting interviews with farmers, collectors, certification cooperatives and exporters. The results showed that the marketing of Gayo Arabica coffee involved several layers of actors. The coffee product marketing system can be done through two facilities, namely through export sales and domestic sales. There are differences in the income of coffee farmers in marketing coffee abroad or in the country where farmers benefit more from selling coffee products for exports. Relationship among actors are interdependent and bound. Farmers need collectors as tool providers and coffee price informans. Farmers follow cooperative certificates to get fair and more profitable prices.

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