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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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The Characteristic and The Use of Pelung Chicken in Indonesia Iskandar, Sofjan; Susanti, Triana
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Pelung chicken is one of livestock genetic resources in Indonesia, which has been playing an important role for years in the villagers in West Java Province. Pelung chicken originally came from Cianjur district in West Java area. It has been raised as a singing cockerel. This singing ability of the cockerel has become the main criteria for Pelung chicken regular competition in Cianjur. A serious attention on Pelung chicken can maintain the existence of Pelung chicken. The specific character of Pelung chicken compared to other native chicken in Indonesia is the large size of its body. This character could be used to improve the growth rate up to 20% bodyweight and the feed utilization efficiency up to 10% when crossbred with Kampung chicken. The economic value of Pelung chicken is not only its beautiful voice but also as a source of local chicken meat. Further research on any genetic potential of Pelung chicken is strongly suggested. Â Key words: Pelung chicken, characteristic, the use of

The Opportunity to Develop Buffalo Production Based on Food Crop Residues ., Kuswandi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Buffaloâs meat is an alternative commodity to meet the national meat requirement despite its low contribution (1.93%) compared to cattleâs meat (22%). Compared to other livestock, buffalo has some benefit characteristics, such as higher ability to utilize fibrous feed, higher metabolism capacity, etc. Agriculture crop residues are feed resources which are abundant and very potential to be used the whole year. Buffalloes can utilize the fibrous residues as roughages and agro industrial by products to meet their nutrient requirement for protein, energy and minerals. Arrangement of feed supply based on harvest season is expected to solve the problem of feed deficiency. Food crop-buffalo integration is beneficial to maintain soil fertility and utilization of crop residues as feed. Â Key words: Buffalo, crop residues, integration

The Processing Technology of Feather Meal and Its Use as a Protein Source in Ruminant Ration Puastuti, Wisri
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Feather meal protein contains high level of keratin, which consists of 14% disulphide cystine, therefore feather meal protein is difficult to be digested by proteolytic enzymes. Feather meal must be processed before being used in the ration, because the digestibility of unprocessed feather meal is very low (5.8%). There are four processing methods of feather meal, i.e. physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbiological. The aim of these processings is to alleviate or break down the bonds in the keratin such as disulphide, ionic, ester and hydrogen bonds. Processed feather meal is known as hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM). Although the processing methods of feather meal produce different quality of HFM, the utilization of HFM in ruminant ration results in a better response than conventional protein resources. HFM has higher level of crude protein content (74 â 92%), rumen undegradable protein (70%) and post rumiral digestibility (57 â 78%) than soybean meal has. The utilization of HFM in ration up to 8% of dry matter can substitute soybean meal and the use of 2 â 3% HFM improved milk production in dairy cow and daily gain in sheep and cattle. Â Key words: Hydrolyzed feather meal, protein, ruminant, processing technology

Farm Household Economic Model of The Integrated Crop Livestock System: Conceptual and Empirical Study Priyanti, Atien; Sinaga, B M; Syaukat, Y; Kuntjoro, S U
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An integrated approach to enhance rice production in Indonesia is very prospectus throughout the implementation of adapted and liable integrated program. One of the challenges in rice crop sub sector is the stagnation of its production due to the limitation of organic matter availability. This provides an opportunity for livestock development to overcome the problems on land fertility through the use of manure as the source of organic fertilizer. Ministry of Agriculture had implemented a program on Increasing Integrated Rice Productivity with an Integrated Crop Livestock System as one of the potential components since 2002. Integrated crop livestock system program with special reference to rice field and beef cattle is an alternative to enhance the potential development of agriculture sector in Indonesia. The implementation on this integrated program is to enhance rice production and productivity through a system involving beef cattle with its goal on increasing farmersâ income. Household economic model can be used as one of the analysis to evaluate the success of the implemented crop livestock system program. The specificity of the farmers is that rationality behavior of the role as production and consumption decision making. In this case, farmers perform the production to meet home consumption based on the resources that used directly for its production. The economic analysis of farmers household can be described to anticipate policy options through this model. Factors influencing farmersâ decisions and direct interrelations to production and consumption aspects that have complex implications for the farmersâ welfare of the integrated crop livestock system program. Â Key words: Farm household, economic model, integrated crop livestock system

The Occurrence of Paratuberculosis (Johneâs Disease) in Ruminants in Indonesia Must be Anticipated ., Tarmudji
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Paratuberculosis or Johneâs disease is an infectious disease in ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and characterized by granulomatous enteritis manifestation. The disease occurs worldwidely and causes great economic losses on domestic livestock industries. Calves are commonly infected soon after birth, with incubation period of either some months or years. Clinical signs observed from 2 to 10 years old of infected cattle are chronic diarrhea and progressive emaciation. Transmission of MAP to calves can occur by nursing the infected dam or got contaminated by fecal material. The pathogens can also be excreted in colostrum or milk, that is why calf can be infected since neonatal period. Infection in progress leads to cause thickening of the intestinal wall, granulomatous and mesenterical lymphnode, Â which Â diffusion Â lesions Â in Â the intestine Â are Â characterized Â by Â the Â macroscopical Â finding.Â In Indonesia, paratuberculosis had been reported in dairy cattle (in West Java) with seroprevalence of 1.67% (3/180). From the serological positive reactors demonstrated MAP of 0.55% (1/180) by fecal cuture examination. Some samples of cattle and buffaloes from North Sumatera were also found positive paratuberculosis antibody against MAP detected by Complement Fixation Test (CFT) at average of 4% (2/50). The presence of positive reactors of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle, beef cattle and buffaloes in Indonesia must be anticipated. These animals are carriers and can shed pathogens, although they do not show clinical signs. It is likely that paratuberculosis can not be detected by conventional diagnostic techniques, therefore, sensitive and early diagnosis techniques must be developed. Â Key words: Paratuberculosis (Johneâs disease), ruminants, clinical signs, Indonesia

Feed Technology of Fibrous Sugarcane Residues for Ruminants ., Kuswandi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Abundant sugarcane residue during shortage of roughage in dry season gives an opportunity to raise ruminants around sugarcane industries. However, these products are not widely used by farmers due to an assumption that the usage is inefficient and that the feed utilization technology is not widely recognized. Sugarcane fibrous residues (tops, bagasse and pith) may be a potential feed component if pre-treated to increase its digestion and consumption by the animal, and/or supplemented by other ingredients to balance nutrients in the rumen as well as those for production purpose. Digestibility can be increased by chemical treatments such as ammoniation and other alkaline treatments, whereas consumption can be increased by physical treatments such as grinding, hammermilling or pelleting. Nutrients that are missing in these fibrous residues can be provided by addition of urea, molasses and minerals for maintenance need, and bypass nutrients (carbohydrates, protein and fats) that are digested in the small intestine and available for tissue or milk synthesis. There are three options for development of livestock agribusiness based on fibrous sugarcane residues; however, these require several technologies to optimize the utilization of these residues. Â Key words: Sugarcane fibrous residues, treament, supplements, ruminants

The Importance of Copper Mineral in Animal Body Relating to Animal Disease Arifin, Zainal
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Copper is one of the micro elements that has very important roles in the process of body metabolism. Some enzymes are bound with copper and iron in the formation of blood haemoglobin. Copper deficiency in animal body will cause inappropriate function of the enzyme system, so that metabolism and physiological systems of the body will not work normally and if copper is in excess, it will cause toxicity which then destroys body tissues causes troubles in blood formation, Therefore, it is clear that copper has an important role in the process of living, hence monitoring its concentration in the blood is important to maintain animal health. Â Key words: Copper, deficiency, toxicity, health

Feeding Strategy for The Development of Buffalo Farming ., Suhubdy
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Until recently, cattle meat is believed as a dominant source of red meat that fulfills the market demands of Indonesiaâs consumers. Meat demands tend to increase in the future caused by the increase income of human beings. As a consequence, the population of cattle tends to decrease and their role as meat producer should be in part or fully overcome and substituted by other ruminant livestock. Buffalo is one of the native ruminant livestock breeds of Indonesia that nutritionally and physiologically is not so different from cattle. This animal may be suitable and affordable to enhance the meat production. However, the present progress of buffalo population is not as good as cattle. This may be to some extent, related to the governmental policy that never lists it for a long time, as a high priority program in livestock development. Beside this constraint, buffalo has some strength to be optimized by improving its genetic potentiality and environmental related aspects. This paper deals with the effort of improving the nutrition and feed availability of buffalo with special focus on the applied feed technology. In the future, this approach will hopefully accelerate the buffalo population rate. Â Key words: Buffalo, feed technology, forage, red meat, milk, nutrition, livestock farming

Innovation in Feed Technology for Self Sufficiency in Poultry Production Tangendjaja, Budi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Indonesia is self sufficient in poultry production to meet the local demand for broiler and egg, mainly derived from modern poultry rather than the local village chicken. Feed may contribute up to 70% of total cost of poultry production. Poultry feed is formulated using least cost feed formulation technique to meet the bird requirement and composed by several ingredients both locally available and imported materials. Feed ingredients are classified based on energy sources, protein sources, agro-industrial by products, mineral sources and supplements. In many cases the poultry feed was supplemented with additives (antibiotics, enzymes, preservatives, etc.) to improve animal performance. In 2005, Indonesian feed production reached almost 7 million tonnes and comprised around 85% as poultry feed, while the rest for aquaculture, swine and others. Poultry feed is based on corn-soy diet and average corn usage may reach more than 55% while soybean meal more than 23%. Ingredients requirement has been calculated based on the feed production and in order to fulfill the requirement. In 2006, Indonesia will import more than 1.6 million tonnes of corn from Argentina, USA and China, and more than 1.5 million tonnes of protein meal due to insufficiency of the local production. Major problems related in feed production are raw materials supply, quality and price fluctuation along with limited information. Several research have been conducted to use unconventional ingredients as protein sources such as local beans, leguminous seeds, leaf protein, animal by products Â but they were limited in availability. Research to improve protein level from carbohydrate source or by products had been attempted but it was not feasible for commercial feed industry. In future, technology innovation should be developed based on the existing problems related with feed industry including the areas to improve production efficiency, managing feed quality, processing technology and feed additives development. Scenario of poultry production for 2020 has been exercised and discussed in this paper. Â Key words: Poultry, feed, technology, innovation, feed ingredient

Income Optimization of Dairy Farm to Increase National Milk Production Kusnadi, Uka; Juarini, E
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The program to improve national milk production over the past years has not been well targeted. This is indicated by the slow increase of dairy population and milk production that could not meet the increasing demand. It should be apparently focus on income generation of dairy farmers to increase their welfare so that they are willing to improve their dairy business that will affect national milk production. Implementation of economical dairy management and technology, could increase milk production, hence improve the farmerâs income. This could be done through several ways, i.e.: economical dairy composition, optimization of dry period and improvement milk hygiene. All these aspects including technical aspect are discussed in this paper. Apart from above, income optimalization could also be done by reducing the price of feed concentrate, raising only productive dairy cows and managing milk cooperative efficiently. Key words: Dairy, business, optimalization, income

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA