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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Variation in Milk Yield Of Dairy Cattle: Evaluation on Correction Factors of Internal Environmental Effects Anneke Anggraeni
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Correction factors as standard factor are needed to standardize internal environmental effects to evaluate genetic for desired traits of each breed, strain, or individual animal. Some dairy cattle scientists in warm (cold) and hot climate have made observing correction factors (CF) of internal environmental effects mainly for stages (days length) of lactation, calving age, milking ftequency, days open, and dry period for milk and its components (protein and fat). The correction factors should be done due to high variability on those parameters that occur natually eventhough dairy management have been kept well. Developing correction factors of calving age, days open, and days dry for milk production becomes main discussion in this paper. In Indonesia, correction factors of internal environmental effect for local Fries Holland dairy cattle need to be developed. The appropriate correction factors will be effective to eliminate the variation of milk yield caused by non-genetic effects. So the result of evaluation and selection could be expected to figure out genetic potencial of dairy cattle in producing milk. Key words: Milk yield, correction factors, and internal environment

Review on the Performances of Cihateup Duck (Anas platyrhynchos Javanica) as Genetic Resource of Local Poultry in Indonesia Procula R Matitaputty; Suryana .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 4 (2014): DECEMBER 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Cihateup duck is one of the local Indonesian poultry genetic resources originated from West Java. These ducks are raised in Tasikmalaya and its surrounding area. Cihateup duck raised as layer or meat type duck is potential to provide business opportunities for people in West Java. For future development of Cihateup duck, some important potential characteristics of Cihateup ducks are required. This paper describes the phenotype performance, rearing management of Cihateup ducks and its genetic relationship with other ducks. Cihateup ducks have longer neck, wing, femur and tibia compared with other Indonesian ducks. Egg production (200 egg/head/year) is lower than Alabio and Mojosari ducks. The quality of meat (taste and flavour) is less preferred by consumers because of its odor. Genetic relationship between Cihateup duck with local ducks in Java is closer than Alabio ducks from South Kalimantan. Key words: Cihateup duck, performance, genetic resource

The Role and Deficiency of Zinc Mineral in Immune System Sus Derthi Widhyari
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 3 (2012): SEPTEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Zinc (Zn) is a micro mineral which is needed by every cell in the body. Adequate Zn mineral is important in maintaining optimal health. Zn functions as a cofactor of various enzymes, structural integrity of cells, DNA synthesis, hormonal storage and release, immunotransmision and immune system. Zn deficiency causes decreased appetite, dermatitis, growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infertility and imunodeficiency. This is associated with changes in the function of immune system response, such as decreased B and T cell functions, reduced phagocytosis and decreased cytokine production. Severe Zn deficiency is characterized by severely depressed immune function and frequent infections. Zn enhances immune function for specific and non-specific immunity. The role of non-specific immune respone is through the activity of cells phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes, while the specific immune response can be humoral and cellular mediated by lymphocytes B and T. Supplementation of Zn can improve the activity of leukocyte cells through stimulating the production of tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) by monocytes cells, thereby increasing the ability of phagocytosis. In addition, Zn is also able to increase the production of lymphokines that cause lymphocyte cells able to differentiate and proliferate. Key words: Zn, deficiency, immunity, leucocyte cells

Cases of Anthrax in Humans and Animal in Bogor at the Beginning 2001 Susan M Noor; Darminto .; S Hardjoutomo
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. The incidence of anthrax in human and animal has been reported in Indonesia including the case of anthrax in ostrich in Purwakarta in 1999. Virtually all animals, to some degree are susceptible to anthrax but ruminants are considered to be the most susceptible. There are 11 provinces in Indonesia reported as endemic areas. Retrospective study of anthrax in Bogor reported that the disease has been spread in nine areas. The manifestation of human anthrax could be visceral, cutaneus, pulmonum, meningitis or combination but the cutaneus type is the most frequent (95%). In early 2001, there was an outbreak of anthrax affecting both human and animals in Bogor. A definitive diagnosis of anthrax has been made in 5 people in Hambalang village, Citeureup subdistrict of Bogor. The objective of this study is to describe the chronological event of the recent anthrax wabah in Bogor and to give a brief discussion of anthrax in human and animal. Key word: Antraks cases, human beings, animals, Bogor, 2001

The Processing Technology of Feather Meal and Its Use as a Protein Source in Ruminant Ration Wisri Puastuti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007): JUNE 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Feather meal protein contains high level of keratin, which consists of 14% disulphide cystine, therefore feather meal protein is difficult to be digested by proteolytic enzymes. Feather meal must be processed before being used in the ration, because the digestibility of unprocessed feather meal is very low (5.8%). There are four processing methods of feather meal, i.e. physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbiological. The aim of these processings is to alleviate or break down the bonds in the keratin such as disulphide, ionic, ester and hydrogen bonds. Processed feather meal is known as hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM). Although the processing methods of feather meal produce different quality of HFM, the utilization of HFM in ruminant ration results in a better response than conventional protein resources. HFM has higher level of crude protein content (74 – 92%), rumen undegradable protein (70%) and post rumiral digestibility (57 – 78%) than soybean meal has. The utilization of HFM in ration up to 8% of dry matter can substitute soybean meal and the use of 2 – 3% HFM improved milk production in dairy cow and daily gain in sheep and cattle. Key words: Hydrolyzed feather meal, protein, ruminant, processing technology

Molecular Phylogenetic: Organism Taxonomy Method Based on Evolution History N.L.P Indi Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011): MARCH 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Phylogenetic is described as taxonomy classification of an organism based on its evolution history namely its phylogeny and as a part of systematic science that has objective to determine phylogeny of organism according to its characteristic. Phylogenetic analysis from amino acid and protein usually became important area in sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis can be used to follow the rapid change of a species such as virus. The phylogenetic evolution tree is a two dimensional of a species graphic that shows relationship among organisms or particularly among their gene sequences. The sequence separation are referred as taxa (singular taxon) that is defined as phylogenetically distinct units on the tree. The tree consists of outer branches or leaves that represents taxa and nodes and branch represent correlation among taxa. When the nucleotide sequence from two different organism are similar, they were inferred to be descended from common ancestor. There were three methods which were used in phylogenetic, namely (1) Maximum parsimony, (2) Distance, and (3) Maximum likehoood. Those methods generally are applied to construct the evolutionary tree or the best tree for determine sequence variation in group. Every method is usually used for different analysis and data. Key words: Phylogenetic, analysis, evolution, nucleotide/protein sequence

Utilization of Rice Straw as Feed Substitution for Small Ruminants Muchji Martawidjaja
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2003): SEPTEMBER 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The purpose of this paper is to review rice straw as ruminants feeds, problems in its utilization and alternatives to overcome the problems. Rice straw has great potency as animal feed resources, especially as sources of fiber. The availability of rice straw in several areas of the country as well as the amount of the rice straw ready to be used for ruminants make it a choice as source of feeds. Besides of its availability, rice straw considered to be low quality feeds, as recognized by low protein contents, high percentage of silica and lignin, therefore, the digestibility of rice straw is relatively low. Many treatments to improve rice straw has been conducted, where farmers in Southeast Asia prefer to treat rice straw using urea, because it can improve Nitrogen content and digestibility. Research to improve rice straw using supplementation with agriculture by products as well as leguminosae forages has been conducted for ruminant feeds. Rice straw can be used as much as 10% for grass substitution and about 30% with the use of concentrate supplementation for sheep and goats. Key words: Rice straw, sheep and goats

The Role of Interferon–Tau (Ifn–τ) in The Reproduction Handling of Female Ruminant Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 4 (2009): DECEMBER 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

In ruminants, interferon-tau (IFN–τ) is well known as an important pregnancy factor. Interferon-tau as antiluteolytic cytokine is secreted from the tropoblast during the time of implantation. About 10 – 15% of pregnancy losses in cows were possibly due to the lack of IFN–τ to maintain corpus luteum. Interferon-tau induces some early pregnancy factors which are expressed around 15 days post insemination. This has led that IFN–τ to be a strong candidate for the development of ruminant early pregnancy tests. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literatures on the roles of IFN–τ in biology reproduction as well as researches that have been carried out on reproductive biotechnology especially in regards to the development of early pregnancy test for ruminant. It can be concluded that administration of IFN–τ is able to improve reproductive performance of female ruminants experimentally. Interferon-tau and its derivates can be used to develop a rapid test for early pregnancy diagnostic. Key words: Interferon-tau, early pregnancy test, ruminant

The Relationship of Avian Influenza and Waterbirds in Creating Genetic Diversity and the Role of Waterbirds as Reservoir for Avian Influenza Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012): MARCH 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Outbreaks of Avian Influenza (AI) has enormous implications for poultry and human health.These outbreaks are caused by influenza A virus that belongS to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. These viruses are RNA viruses, negative polarity, and the envelope has segmented genom. Generally, Avian Influenza is a disease which originally occurred in birds with complex ecology including reassortment and transmission among different species of birds and mammals. The gene of AI virus can be transmitted among human and avian species as shown by the virus reasortantment that caused pandemic human influenza in 1957 and 1968. Pandemi in 1957 and 1968 were different from previously human viruses because the substitution of several genes are derived from avian viruses. Wild waterfowls especially Anseriformes (duck, muscovy duck and geese) and Charadriiformes (gulls, seabirds, wild birds) are the natural reservoirs for influenza type A viruses and play important role on the ecology and propagation of the virus. From this reservoir, influenza type A virus usually can be transmitted to other birds, mammals (including human) and caused outbreak of lethal diseases. Waterfowl that is infected with influenza A virus usually does not show any clinical symptoms. However, several reports stated that HPAI viruses can cause severe disease with neurogical disorders led to death in waterfowl. Migration of birds including waterfowls have active role in transmitting and spreading the disease. Movement of wild birds and inappropriate poultry trade transportation play a greater role as vector in spreading HPAI to humans. Ecological change of environment has also a great effect in spreading AI viruses. The spreading pattern of AI viruses is usually influenced by seasons, where the prevalence of AI was reported to be in the fall, winter and rainy seasons. Finally, the effective control strategies against the spreading of AI viruses is required. Programs of monitoring, surveilence and vaccination is part of the control strategies of AI viruse spreading besides other strategies that had been applied. Key words: Avian Influenza, reservoir of AI, waterbirds, migration

Anticipative Measures on Exotic and Zoonotic Diseases for International Trade Tri Satya Putri NH
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2004): JUNE 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The awareness on the advantage of the international trade role for social welfare encourage a number of countries, including Indonesia to establish regional/international economic organisations aiming at building mutual economic strength. Several prominent economic cooporations are ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and General Agreement on Tariffand Trade (GATT). It is expected that through economic integration trade barriers in the form of tariff barriers and non tariff barrier present among the member countries can be reduced or even eliminated, with a result that the trading goods traffic (including livestock and its products), services, and investment among countries in a region can be carried out more smoothly . From the aspect of animal health, the increase in the traffic of livestock and its products will bring risks due to the entry of animal diseases into Indonesian regions. Indonesia that has been stated to be free from 13 out of 15 contagious diseases according to list A and several diseases based on list B of OIE (Office Internationale des Epizootes) needs to anticipate this through policy reorientation by obeying the agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary for food safety, and animal and plant health protection. For livestock and its product commodities, the Directorate General of Livestock Production Building has issued a decree number 71/TN.690/Kpts. DJP/Deptan/2000 regarding the import of livestock and its products using a standard procedure. Besides that, it is necessary to carry out risk analysis, harmonisation, transparency, and the same treatment on products from abroad. In order to maintain animal health status, monitoring, surveillance, optimal reporting system, campaign to enhance the society attention, and quarantine action are required. Key words: Exotic and zoonotic diseases, international trade

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