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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Improvement of Public Awareness on Fasciolosis as Zoonosis Disease Eny Martindah; S Widjajanti; S E Estuningsih; Suhardono .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Fasciolosis is commonly suffered by the ruminants such as cattle and buffaloes, and as one of the most important parasitic disease . The prevalence of fasciolosis in ruminants is related to the contaminated feedstuff and water supply with metacercariae, the infective larvae of trematode genus Fasciola spp ., such as Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica. In Indonesia, the prevalence of this disease in ruminants could be up to 90%, and there is no case report on human being . However, the occurrence of this disease in human should be anticipated, since many cases have been reported in human in the other countries, such as South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and South East Asia (Thailand and Vietnam), as "Food-borne infection" and as one of the most important issues in public health . Ironically, the farmers and the extension agents in Indonesia do not aware on the danger of this disease neither to the animals nor to human, so they also do not care on how to prevent and control the disease. This phenomenon appears maybe because fasciolosis is a chronic disease without any significant clinical signs and quite difficult to be detected . Thus, it is very important to improve the public awareness on fasciolosis both in ruminants and its possibility in human being . The endemic areas can be defined by epidemiological surveillance using accurate early diagnostic test, so that strategic and sustainable fasciolosis control in the endemic areas could be implemented . This program will be succeeded if there is strong integrated collaboration among the farmers, the extension agents, the researchers and the decision makers in the related departments . Key words : Fasciolosis, zoonosis, public awareness

Interaction Between Toxic and Essential Metals in The Biological System, and Their Effect on Animal Health Darmono .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Among the various toxic elements, heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Hg are commonly present in the environment. These metals have no biological function in the animal, but their presence in tissues reflect contact of the organism with its environment. Studies of the toxicity mechanism of these elements in the biological systems of the animals are important especially interaction between them and some essential dietari elements like Ca, Zn, Fe, Se, and Cu. In general a deficiency from one of the essential element increases toxicity of heavy metals, whereas an excess appears to be protective. These suggest that dietary presence of the essential elements may to protection of animal from the effects of heavy metal exposure. Addition of essential elements in the diet can be used for the treatment of heavy metal toxicity. Key words : Toxic metals, essential metals, interaction

Availability of Forage Under Oil Palm Plantation for Cattle Grazing Nurhayati D Purwantari; B Tiesnamurti; Y Adinata
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 1 (2015): MARCH 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Increasing rate of oil palm plantation in Indonesia since 2008-2011 was 6.92%, that increased from 7,363,703 to 7,873,384 ha. Vegetation grown in the area of oil palm plantation is weed for its main crop. There is potential source of oil palm plantation area for livestock industry. Oil palm-cattle integration system is well known and it has been applied in many oil palm plantations, by the use of waste from oil palm plantation, oil palm by-product, the fronds for feed and feces from cattle as organic fertilizer for the plant. Management of oil palm plantation, including plant maintainance, weeding, providing organic and chemical fertilizer is costly. Grazing system under oil palm would minimize cost problem and oil palm production input can be reduced. One of the systems in oil palm-cattle integration that prospective to be developed is grazing by rotation system. Types of plants under oil palm plantation consist of grasses, legumes, other narrow and broad leaves, some are palatable and some are unpalatable or toxic for cattle. Species of vegetation under oil palm vary among the plantation depending on the age of oil palm plant. Introduction of superior forage into oil palm plantation is promising effort to increase the production and quality of feed. Carrying capacity for cattle varies among the oil palm plantation and depends on vegetation under oil palm plantation and age of oil palm. Studies showed that integration oil palm-livestock by grazing system has been proven economically feasible. Key words: Plantation, oil palm, forage, cattle, grazing

Chrpsomva bezziana, The Cause of Myiasis on animal And Human : Problem and Control April H Wardhana
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 3 (2006): SEPTEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Myiasis is an infestation of larvae (Diptera) into the live host tissue of warm-blooded animals including humans . This disease is often found in tropical countries, particularly in the community with low socio-economic level. From many flies causing myiasis, Chrysomya bezziana is medically the most important agent due to its obligate parasite property and causing economies losses . Some myiasis cases on humans and animals in Indonesia are caused by C. bezziana larvae infestation or mixed infestation with Sarcophaga sp . Sulawesi, East Sumba, Lombok, Sumbawa, Papua and Java islands were reported as myiasis endemic areas . Myiasis cases on animals occurred after parturition (vulval myiasis) then is followed by umbilical myiasis on their calf or traumatic wounds, while myiasis on humans are caused by untreated fresh wounds or chronic wounds such as leprosy, diabetes, etc . Besides, nature holes like nose, eyes, ears or mouth are also reported as entry port for those larvae . Clinical signs of myiasis are various and non-specific depends on location of infested part of body, i.e . fever, inflammation, pruritus, headache, vertigo, swelling and hipereosinophilia . There would be serious conditions with secondary infection by bacteria . Myiasis treatment on animals is simpler than humans . Surgical operation is often carried out on infested human part of bodies . Insecticides were used to treat animal myiasis but had raised resistant . Myiasis treatment on humans may be done locally or systemically . Antibiotic broad spectrum or which is suitable with culture and resistance status of bacteria were given for systemic treatment . Chloroform and turpentine with ratio 1 : 4 were used for local treatment . Some of essential oils have also been tested in laboratory as an alternative medicine for both humans and animals myiasis . Key words : Myiasis, human, animal, zoonosis, Chrysomya bezziana

Understanding The Expression and Characteristics of Callipyge Gene in Sheep Agus Suparyanto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Lambs meat consumers prefer large loin chops that have limited external fat. Intense selection process, sometimes resulting individual gene mutation. The mutant allele could be used as a marker for specific characterization and for growth response to specific environment. The gene is identified as a single gene, and called as Callipyge. Genotyping analyses on reciprocal cross offspring showed that Callipyge locus flanked to markers of CSSM18 and TGLA122 from ovine chromosome 18. The sheep has extreme phenotype which similar with that of the cattle containing single gene of double muscled. Phenotype of ovine callipyge is expressed in heterozygote individual of CLPGP/clpgM produce from heterozygous ram for callipyge gene (CLPGP/clpgM) and normal ewes (clpgP/clpgM). Offspring ratio from the segregation pattern is 1:1. A mating between heterozygous animals (CLPGP/clpgM) or all Callipygous parents resulted on 25% Callipygous and 75% normal lambs. The ratio of Callipygous offspring phenotype is not following mendelian segregation. Some reports on characteristic analyses showed that the birth weigh of normal and Callipygous is not significant different. However, after weaning the growth rates of both lambs are different. The dressing carcass percentage of normal lambs (53.9%) is significantly lower than that of Callipygous (57.3%). The Callipyge gene express the body weigh from 20 to 69 kg. Its muscle weigh is 40% higher than normal lambs. The different of superficial gluteal, adductor tensor facia latae of Callipygous muscle with those of normal lambs are 63%, 47% and 22.3% respectively. The carrier lamb has less internal (pelvic fat) or external (loin) fats, but it has 43.0% larger of rib eye area. Key words: Sheep, callipyge gene, heterozygote

Scabies Vaccine is Required, but Difficult to be Made Simson Tarigan
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007): MARCH 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Sarcoptes scabiei, the mite causing scabies, infests human and at least 40 species of animals. The losses associated with the disease as a public health burden and economic losses are enormous because its prevalence is very high. The current available control by treating individuals diagnosed to have the disease is both ineffective and unpractical. Besides, dissatisfaction with the pharmacological control is escalating due to the development of resistance in the mites and rejection by consumers for animals products contaminated with drug residues. Vaccination is considered to be most the attractive alternative control although the availability of vaccine is still a long way off. Control of scabies by vaccination is considered to be feasible since animals recovered from the disease posses protective immunity against mite reinfestation. In addition, despite the fact that the mites reside not deeper than the unvascularised stratum corneum and they are not blood sucking parasites, they do ingest their host immunoglobulin. Vaccine for scabies, as for other ectoparasitic diseases, includes subunit vaccine developed from mite protective antigen produced by recombinant technology. Identification of sarcoptic protective antigen which comprise the first step in the vaccine development impede by the lability and low abundance of the protective antigen, and the difficulty in obtaining sufficient amount of mites. Identification of sarcoptic protective antigen by conventional biochemical technique, although the technique has been successful for other parasites, has been unsatisfactory for S. scabiei. Identifying the protective antigen just among proteins having vital functions in the survival of mites and accessible by the effector arms of the host immune system seems to be a more feasible alternative. The allergens and membrane proteins lining the digestive tract of the mites seem to fulfil the criteria. Key words: Sarcoptes scabiei, protective antigen, scabies vaccine

Utilization of Natural Products as Functional Feed Stella Magdalena; Natadiputri G H; Nailufar F; Purwadaria T
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 1 (2013): MARCH 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The use of antibiotics as feed additive improves performance in livestock. However, scientific data related to the use of antibiotics in feed merge spreading of bacterial resistance in animal and human bodies, therefore the usage of antibiotics in animal production is restricted. This condition raise the utilization of natural antibiotic as functional feed such as phytogenics (essential oil, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin), enzyme, probiotic, and prebiotic to improve the livestock’s performance, quality, and health. Functional feeds increase profitability in animal husbandry production and its use is feeds are expected to be functional foods that may have positive effects in human nutrition. Key words: Functional feed, phytogenic, enzyme, probiotic, prebiotic

Forage Research Strategy for The Development of Goat Production in Indonesia Tatang M Ibrahim
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 1 (2003): MARCH 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The development of goat for meat production has to be conducted and forage technology is needed to achieve the expected target of productivity. These forage technology have to be correctly designed for each existing major farming system within each regional developmental zone. It is therefore necessary to have national or regional agreement on zone where goat production should be developed. A general scheme for forage research basically involving 6 stages of evaluation, i.e., (1) germplasm collection; (2) multi-site testing of single accession; (3) swards productivity of selected accessions under cutting regime; (4) small plots for grazing evaluation, (5) large scale animal production assessment and (6) farm demonstration and commercial release. Many research results on forage technology currently available and generally had already passed the 2nd stage of evaluation. However, the multiplication of planting material should be prioritized. It also necessary to have active involvement of provincial AIAT (Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology) in advance stages of evaluation (5th and 6th stages). Relevant training and education for researchers, extensionists and farmers is needed to build up a strong support for high quality research results. Key words:

Research Development on Cryopreservation Technique to Preserve Avian Semen Tatan Kostaman; A.R. Setioko
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 3 (2011): SEPTEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Cryopreservation technique could be used to preserve animal cell, plant or other genetic materials (included semen) in frozen. In this case, the cryopreservation technique is a storage technique that carries out at very low temperature in liquid nitrogen at -196oC. At this temperature, semen does not experience the process of metabolism but still has the ability to live on when used later. Semen that is preserved by cryopreservation technique has unlimited shelf life. This method is more efficient in terms of cost, time, space, and labour than other methods. Cryopreservation techniques can be divided into conventional technique (controlled slow freezing) and rapid freezing technique. Besides cryopreservation of semen, other genetic material from avian that can be cryopreservesed is Primodial Germ Cells (PGC). Balitnak has succesfully isolated the PGC of some Indonesian native chickens. The success of cryopreservation is indicated by not only the high rate of survival, but also the fertility after cryopreservation. Key words: Avian, storage, cryopreservation, semen

Rabies in Indonesia and The Development of Its:Diagnostic Techniques R M A Adjid; A Sarosa; T Syafriati; Yuningsih .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005): DECEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Rabies is a zoonotic disease which is crucial for public health, as it can infect human beings and causes death . Rabies has spread across the world including Indonesia . Control to erradicate rabies still faces many obstacles. Rabies research at Research Institute for Veterinary Science emphasizes on rabies erradication focussing on some aspects of diagnostic techniques. Studies on the spesimen preservation, the shipment to the laboratory and the collection of brain specimens by straw method as well as the use of cornea touch preparat as intra vitam specimens have been conducted. Rabies diagnostic techniques by NPLA or modified FAVN on multispot slides and their applications in the field have also been studied. This paper also describes the preparation of FITC conjugate. ELISA technique was developed for serological test but still need to be improved to reduce non specific reaction, while RREID was used for antigen detection. Rabies diagnostic was conducted by using RT-PCR but its application was very difficult to be done for intra vitam. Research on Croton tiglium and Pangium edule extracts as an alternative for the strychnine poison used for dog elimination in the field has also been conducted but further research is needed in the future. Key words: Rabies, zoonosis, research, diagnostic

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