Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies
Al-Jamiah invites scholars, researchers, and students to contribute the result of their studies and researches in the areas related to Islam, Muslim society, and other religions which covers textual and fieldwork investigation with various perspectives of law, philosophy, mysticism, history, art, theology, sociology, anthropology, political science and others.
Articles
1,224 Documents
Al-Ta’wīl al-‘Ilmī: Kearah Perubahan Paradigma Penafsiran Kitab Suci
M. Amin Abdullah
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 39, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2001.392.359-391
This article tries to describe al-ta'wil al-'ilmī approach as an alternative model of exegeses on text by using Hermeneutic circle which dialogize exactly between paradigms of Bayani epistemology nd paradigm of irfani epistemology. According to the writer al-ta'wil al-'ilmī cannot be developed on either parallel or linear relation pattern. This is because parallel relation pattern cannot open newly transformable horizon, views and ideas. Each epistemology stops and remains at its own position and has difficulty in dialoging between one kind of epistemology and others. Like a railway, these three epistemologies will remain at each own track and will not meet in a convergent point. Whereas linear relation pattern that assumes that there is finality will trap someone or a group of people on exclusive-polemic-dogmatic situation. Linear relation pattern will regard other kinds of epistemology as not valid. Then, he/she will enforce one of epistemologies that has been habit of mind to be implemented at the expense of inputs from other epistemologies. Therefore, he/she is easily trapped into truth claim, i.e. to regard that it is only its own kind of epistemology that is right, while others are wrong. Contemporary approach of Islamic studies and conventional Ulumuddin is, according to the writer, can only take scholars and students of religious sciences to a choice between one of the two forms of above relation of scientific epistemology. Both forms of choices are less conducive to take to one's Islamic maturity and even to Muslim community as a group. Both are easily trapped into communalism thought, especially if they are faced to problems of socio-religious relations in a pluralistic society. For this reason, this epistemology should be complement with relation pattern of the three existing epistemologies that offer alternative new way of thinking which are reformative, re-constructive and transformable. This is regarded as circular relation, this means that each epistemology of Islamic studies used in Islamic studies can recognize its limitation and weaknesses and at the same time, can take advantage of inventions offered by other scientific tradition as well as have ability to make up the weaknesses which embody in its own.
The Trajectory of the Jihad Discourse in Malay World: An Analysis on the Baḥr Al-Mādhī by Muḥammad Idrīs Al-Marbawī
Muhammad Adam Abd. Azid;
Ibrahim Adham Mohd Rokhibi;
Mohd Farhan Md Ariffin;
Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele;
Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.265-286
The term of jihad has a significant role in the formation of Islamic identity, politics, and nations. For example, the Malay World during the colonial or pre-independence, has created the momentum among community to break free from the colonial at the time. This spirit was injected with elements of jihad through the advice of scholars, graduates returning from the middle east who brought the spirit of independence and through writing. Among the writings that may have a role in explaining jihad among the Malay community is Baḥr al-Mādhī [1924-1960]. This article will analyse on the representation of jihad and warfare term in the Baḥr al-Mādhī, a book written by Muḥammad Idrīs al-Marbawī [1896-1989]. It can be considered as one of the greatest masterpieces of Malay Muslim scholar in the twentieth century. It was composed as a commentary to the hadith in Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī and have been written in Malay language. This article also analyses al-Marbawi’s contribution to Malay community understanding jihad in pre independence period of Malaysia through his commentary and translation of the hadith of jihad in Baḥr al-Mādhī. This study applied qualitative study, data collected by library research and analysed by document analysis methodology. Study found that, the Baḥr al-Mādhī by Muḥammad Idrīs al-Marbawī has played a major role in the understanding of jihad among Malays in pre-independence period. This book symbolizes the local wisdom of the Malay community at the earliest time. This contribution can be understood through the background of the writing of this book, its wide pertinence into society and the content of jihad in it.[Konsep jihad mempunyai peran signifikan dalam pembentukan identitas keislaman, politik dan kebangsaan. Misalnya seperti dunia Melayu pada masa kolonial atau pra kemerdekaan dimana sarjana muslimnya yang pulang dari belajar di Timur Tengah mendorong masyarakatnya berjuang melawan kolonialisme dan menuntut kemerdekaan melalui tulisan mereka. Salah satu tulisan yang menerangkan konsep jihad dalam masyarakat Melayu adalah Baḥr al-Mādhī. Artikel ini menjelaskan konsep jihad dan perang dalam karya Baḥr al-Mādhī, satu karya terbaik sarjana muslim Melayu abad 20, yang ditulis oleh Muḥammad Idrīs al-Marbawī (1896-1989). Karya ini merupakan komentar terhadap kitab hadist Jāmi‘ al-Tirmidhī yang ditulis dalam bahasa Melayu. Artikel ini juga membahas kontribusi penting al-Marbawī dalam menjelaskan jihad dalam masyarakat Melayu masa pra kemerdekaan. Dengan studi literatur dan analisis dokumen terkait, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa karya al-Marbawī merupakan simbol dari kearifan lokal masyarakat Melayu pada masa awal. Kontribusi pentingnya terlihat dari luasnya pengaruh dan pendalaman pemahaman tentang jihad di masyarakat Melayu saat itu.]
Revitalisasi Studi Hisab di Indonesia
Susiknan Azhari
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 38, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2000.381.102-120
This article tries to look at the study of Science of Islamic Calendar (Ḥisab) in Indonesia. In the first part of this writing, the writer shows the golden age of this science when such great Islamic scientists as al-Khawārizmi, al-Battany, al-Birūni and Ulugh Beg, flourished. The writer argues that this development was achieved because there was no dichotomy between this Science of Islamic Calendar and Astronomy. However, currently, study of Science of Islamic Calendar in the Muslim world, particularly in Indonesia, has stagnated. By examining bibliography on this study, the writer surveys the causes of this stagnancy. According to him, this condition is caused by frame of thought of dichotomy between religious knowledge and science, which in tum leads to the dichotomy between the Science of Islamic Calendar and Astronomy. The former is identified as one of religious matters and the latter is regarded as a "pure science" which has its own authority. Religion, then, regards as something that is difficult to attain and does not touch the reality; while the science develops in accordance with the needs of times. As a result, Astronomy develops rapidly; while the Science of Islamic Calendar stagnates. To deal with this problem, the writer suggests that in order to revitalize the Science of Islamic Calendar in Indonesia, Muslims must return the science to its origin as part of religious function and stop the dichotomy between the Science of Islamic Calendar and Astronomy by regarding the needs of time.
Uslūb al-Kināyah Kaẓāhirah Uslūbīyah Hāmah Fī al-Qur’an al-Karīm
Sukamto Said
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 39, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2001.392.510-520
One of the miracles of Qur'an is its wording. Qur'an was revealed in Arabic for the people who had a great on language aesthetics (literature) to convey the message and use various literaly styles. One of them is kinayah. This article examines the issue of the literary style in Qur'an' kinayah, which is multipurpose. It can be used to depict either human interest or godhead. Kinayah is used, among other things, because of the restriction on language to express certain ideas. As a holy book for human that is valid forever, Qur'an uses kinayah to create new meanings, because the characteristic of kinayah is its possibility to be undersiood from "stem-meaning" (al-ma'na al malzum)point of view and from ”derivative-meaning”(al-ma,na al-lazim) Point of view. The derivative meaning that emerged by kinayah, everyone has distinct perceptions based on their own reagolrs. There is a plural sense here that enables the understanding on Qur'an as well as means as a symbol of Qur'anic dynamism all the time.[Salah satu kemukiizatan al-Qur'an adalah redaksi yang digunakannya. Al-Qur’an yang diturunkan dalam bahasa Arab pada masyarakat yang mempunyai perhatian besar pada keindahan bahasa (sastra) dalam menyampaikan Pesan-Pesannya, menggunakan gaya bahasa yang sangat variatif. Di antaranya adalah gaya bahasa kinayah. Artikel ini membicarakan fenomena gaya bahasa kinayah dalam al-Qur'an yang digunakan untuk berbagai macam tujuan, baik untuk mengungkapkan masalah-masalah kehidupan manusia, maupun masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan sifat ketuhanan. Gaya bahasa kinayah digunakan , antara lain, karena keterbatasan bahasa unfuk mengungkapkan gagasan-gagasan tertentu. sebagai kitab petunjuk bagi manusia yang berlaku sepanjang masa sejak diturunkan, al-Qur'an memanfaatkan gaya bahasa kinayah untuk melahirkan makna-makna baru, sebab ciri bahasa kinayah adalah kemungkinannya unfuk dapat dipahami dari sisi "arhasal" (al-ma,naalmalzum) dan sisi "arhbaflr" (al-ma'na al-azim) sekaligus. Tentang arti baru yang ditimbulkan oleh bahasa kinnyah ini, antara sesorang dengan yang lain dapat berbeda .atas dasar alasan masing-masing. Di sini terletak pluralitas makna yang memungkinkan perkembangan pemahaman terhadap al-qur’an, sekaligus juga merupakan tanda dinamika al-Qur'an, yang berlaku sepanjang masa, itu sendiri.
Islamic Persepective on the Nation-state: Political Islam in post-Soeharto Indonesia
Azyumardi Azra
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 39, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2001.392.292-309
Paper ini menyoroti hubungan antara Islam dan Negara setelah runtuhnya rejim soeharto. Masa transisiini ditandai dengan menguatnya kembali islam politik.kelompok-kelompok muslim radikal bermunculan seperti lasykar jihad, front pembela islam, hizb al-tahrir, angkatan muhajidin Indonesia dsb yang mendukung diberlakukannya system kekhalifahan islam di Indonesia. Gerakan-gerakan ini menuntut perubahan system pemerintahan sekuler dan bentuk Negara-bangsa menjadi “negara Islam” yang lebih dikenal dengan khilafah. Meski demikian, menurut penulis para pendukung system kekhalifahan ini telah gagal untuk membedakan antara kekhalifahan yang murni dan asli pada masa kekhalifahan khulafa’ al-rasyidin dan kerajaan despotic Umayyah, abbasiyah, dan Turki Usmani. Para intelektual muslim sendiri seperti Rasyid Rida dan al-Maududi berbeda pandangan mengenai system kekhalifahan. Lebih janjut, penulis menelusuri jejak sejarah hubungan islam dan Negara. Perdebatan mengenai dasar Negara Indonesia sudah diperdebatkan secara akademis menjelang dan setelah proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia. Pertentangan antara kubu islam dan nasionalis sekuler mengenai hal ini berakhir dengan suatu kompromi bahwa Negara Indonesia bukanlah Negara sekuler dan juga bukan Negara agama (tidak hanya Islam) dalam kedudukan yang terhormat. Namun, kelompok muslim yang tidak puas dengan kompromi ini memanggul senjata untuk mendirikan Negara Islam. Salah satu kelompok tersebut adalah gerakan DI/TII (darul Islam/ Tentara Islam Indonesia) yang bergerilya di daerah jawa barat, Aceh dan Sulawesi selatan. Gerakan ini dapat dipadamkan oleh rejim soekarno. Sejak saat itu sampai masa rejim soeharto politik islam sangat ditekan dan dimusuhi dan tidak diberi ruang dan kesempatan untuk bangkit kembali. Kini, sering dengan keterbukaan dan kebebasan yang diperoleh bangsa Indonesia untuk melontarkan ide dan gagasannya, muncul partai-partai dan gerakan militant islam. Namun, partai islam juga telah gagal karena secara keseluruhan memperoleh kurang dari 50%, bahkan lebih kecil dari suara partai-partai islam yang diperoleh pada pemilu demokratis 1955. Penulis kemudian mengemukakan analisa mengenai penyebab kegagalan partai Islam. Nampaknya, penulis memprediksi bahwa suara untuk partai-partai islam tidak akan beranjak banyak bahkan mungkin merosot karena umat islam Indonesia cenderung melaksanakan “Islam Subtantif” daripada “islam Formalistik”. Dengan maraknya gerakan-gerakan Islam di Indonesia yang seringkali diwarnai dengan kekerasan baik antara maupun interumat, bagaimana prospek demokratisasi di Indonesia. Akankah lebih suram
Mencari Rumusan Ushul Fiqih Untuk Masa Kini
Akh. Minhaji
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 38, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2000.381.242-256
Barangkali tidak berlebihan ketika Bernard G. Weiss mengatakan bahwa Wael B. Hallaq dikenal sebagai one of the most prolific scholars dalam bidang kajian sejarah hukum Islam. Karir keilmuannya mulai Nampak terutama sejak diterbitkan karyanya "Was the Gate of ljtihad Closed?" Karya dimaksud menjungkir-balikkan asumsi dasar yang telah berkembang lama di kalangan Orientalis. Semula, dimotori oleh hasil penelitian Joseph Schacht, para Orientalis meyakini bahwa sejak rnasa kernunduran Islam, ijtihad telah tertutup. Hasil penelitian Hallaq justru mengatakan sebaliknya: "setelah dicermati data sejarah hukum Islam pada masa klasik dan tengah, temyata ijtihad tidak pemah ditutup." Hasil ini telah membuat para Orientalis berpikir ulang tentang sejarah ijtihad pada khususnya dan sejarah awal hukum Islam pada umumnya. Hingga di situ Hallaq berhasil mengajak para sarjana hukum Islam untuk meneliti kembali dan mengkaji ulang tesis-tesis yang telah berkembang, khususnya yang terkait dengan insidad bab al-ijtihad, tertutupnya pintu ijtihad. Ini tidak berarti bahwa pemikiran Hallaq tidak mengandung kelemahan, disamping kelebihannya. Kritik konstruktif kemudian muncul dari para penulis berikutnya, antara lain M. Hoebink, Frank E. Vogel, Sherman A. Jackson, dan penulis makalah ini. Pada dasamya, kritikan bertumpu pada sikap ekstrem dari para peneliti dalam membaca data sejarah.
Beyond Ideological Intepretation: Naṣr Abū Zayd’s Theory of Qur’anic Hermeneutic
Moch. Nur Ichwan
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 38, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2000.381.14-38
Artikel ini membahas hermenutika al-Qur'an yang dikemukakan oleh Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid, seorang intelektual Mesir yang dituduh murtad karena teori interpretasi yang dikemukakannya. Abu Zaid sangat kritis terhadap "interpretasi-interpretasi ideologis" yang dapat mereduksi nilai interpretasi dan mengarah kepada interes-interes ideologi penafsir, baik ideology konservatif maupun liberal. Interpretasi semacam ini dapat mengarah kepada pragmatisme. Atas dasar itu, ia mengkritik tajam 'Abd al-Ṣābūr Syāhīn dan Muhammad al-Gazali di satu sisi, dan Hasan Hanafi di sisi lain, karena menurutnya penafsiran mereka itu penuh dengan wama-wama ideologis. Untuk mengurangi pengaruh ideologi Abu Zaid menawarkan ide perlunya pendekatan susastra dalam studi al-Qur'an, sebagaimana yang pernah dikemukakan oleh Amin al-Khuli. Dalam artikel ini penulis mencoba untuk mengajukan beberapa pembahasan sekitas beberapa aspek interpretasi, antara lain: masalah validitas dalam interpretasi. Artikel ini ditutup dengan diskusi sekitar sumbangan abu Zaid terhadap diskursus al-Qur'an, secara kritis.
Struktur Sosial Keberagaman Pemeluk Islam di Indonesia
Abdul Munir Mulkhan
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 39, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2001.392.392-413
All religions, in accordance with their experiences, bring many religious schools and patterns of their adherents. It appears on institutional in the form of organization such as Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) with its religious patterns. By means of similar probes, the Islamic adherents in Indonesia can be differentiated into two big modes, santri and abangan. Up to now both always give character to Islamic relationship and national reality with the shape of different party. The Islamic variations are forms of the religious meaning by its adherent differently conforming with his couscous’s structure. The experience of life, education, job and family give big influence whether Islam is known, to be conscious and meant by every adherent. In social realities of its adherent, Islam gives many meanings, schools and behavioral patterns that can be opposite one another. The Islamic realities can be explained, researched and understood from its social dynamic adherent. The experts of socials sciences observe such social Islamic reality as a function of dialectic relationship of a single textual teaching and the reality of its dynamic adherent. Hence, it can be understood that the sufism develops in one area and the teaching of syariah is more accepted in other areas.Most of farmers and labors living in villages tend to follow magic known as abangan. The others are santri who obey syariah and some of them are more ethical in their religion. The understanding of Islam in its social reality is important to be developed to measure the scale of Islamic acceptance in an area. Such research can give information on Islamic elements that base way of life from most people, and elements that have not been widely acceptend. IAIN can prepare the policy of education based on Islamic social reality, while Islamic organization prepares strategy for needs of community and nation or to widen its organization.
The Formalization of Sharia in Aceh to Discipline the Female Body
Zuly Qodir;
Hasse Jubba;
Mega Hidayati;
Dyah Mutiarin
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.63-90
The formalization of sharia (particularly regional regulations on sharia in Aceh) since 2001 up to 2019 had incorporated economic and political contents between local and national elites. Such condition was a result of local and national elite interests gaining political advantages wherein sharia was utilized as a tool by the elites to dominate civilians. Due to political interests, civilians became marginalized by sharia. The current article demonstrates that local and national political elites had used sharia for their political interests without considering the substantial purpose of sharia itself. Women, in particular, are disadvantaged by the various regulations (qanun) issued by wilayatul khisbah as the guardians of sharia in Aceh. The article also aims to show existing contradictions between the ideal aspirations of wilayatul khisbah and the actual practice of regional regulations pertaining to sharia on the ground, namely the involvement of political elites in advocating sharia, which has not made people become more religious but provoked them to resist in secret instead. Data in the article were acquired through literature study, field observations, and in-depth interviews with a number of informants[Formalisasi syariah Islam di Aceh melalui Peraturan Daerah (Qanun) sejak 2001 telah melibatkan kolaborasi ekonomi dan politik antara elit lokal dan nasional. Situasi tersebut menyebabkan kepentingan elit lokal dan nasional berebut keuntungan politis sebagai alat mendominasi warganya, sehingga menyebabkan kepentingan warga termarjinalisasi. Artikel ini membahas elit lokal dan nasional yang memanfaatkan syariat Islam untuk kepentingannya sendiri tanpa mempertimbangkan tujuan utamanya. Perempuan sering dirugikan oleh sejumlah aturan yang dikeluarkan oleh tim penegak syariat Islam (wilayatul khisbah). Artikel ini juga memperlihatkan kontradiksi antara aspirasi ideal dan praktik di lapangan lembaga wilayatul khisbah yang mana keterlibatan elit politik dalam advokasi syariat Islam tidak mendorong lebih religius tetapi justru mendorong warga melawan diam-diam. Data artikel ini didapatkan dari studi literatur, observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah informan.]
Political Exegesis of the Holy Quran: A Rational and Critical vision
Zakir Aras;
Sohirin Mohammad Solihin
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 60, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre
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DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2022.601.287-314
This study deals with the exposition of political orientation in giving exegetical understanding of the Holy Qur’an with the use of rational and critical vision. It also attempts to analyse the books on sciences of the Quran to reveal the advantegous and disadvantageous for those who subcribe what so-called ‘the modern way of exegesis’. In addition, it presents the efforts of previous exegetical notion as well as the contribution of contemporary scholars in dealing with the issue of political exegesis by explaining their political direction. Moreover, it aims at giving scientific solutions and presenting rational responses with regard to the lacking aspects of the methodology within political exegesis of the book of Allah and to disclose the thing which comes closer to the truth. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach, where to discuss in the folds of the research and analytical based on exploring political interpretation and monitoring its pros and cons. There is no doubt that the Qur’an is the first source of Islamic legislation, and therefore it encompassed all social fields, and based on this basis, limiting the understanding and interpretation of the Qur’an to a specific thing or to a specific era or a method of curriculum is something that contradicts the Qur’an itself. Just as we welcome the various explanatory methods and their methods and colors, we must welcome the political interpretation of our days as long as it adopts the right approach and the good methods. However, it is not possible to deal with the entire Qur’an with a naive political perspective, and to interpret the Book of God according to political requirements and concepts, as it will lead to the emergence of political movements or military groups that give great interest in the political aspect of the Qur’an, so the Holy Qur’an enters into a political battle that the message of the Holy Qur’an does not aim at.Artikel ini membahas orientasi politis dalam penulisan tafsir Qur’an dengan pendekatan yang lebih rasional dan kritis. Artikel ini juga menganalisis literatur kajian tentang Qur’an serta menunjukkan keuntungan dan kerugian dari istilah yang dikenal sebagai pendekatan modern dalam tafsir Qur’an. Selain itu juga menjelaskan kajian–kajian tafsir sebelumnya hingga kontribusi kajian sarjana tafsir saat ini yang terkait dengan pembahasan politisasi tafsir berserta kecenderungan politisnya. Disamping itu, artikel ini memberikan solusi dan respon rasional berdasar pada aspek kesenjangan metodologi politisasi tafsir dan usaha mengungkapkan pada kebenaran. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan analitik, dimana akan didasarkan pada eksplorasi berbagai penafsiran politis dan mengamati pendukung dan penentangnya. Tidak ada keraguan bahwa Qur’an adalah sumber hukum Islam yang pertama dan merangkum semua bidang, sehingga atas dasar ini membatasi pemahaman dan penafsiran Qur’an kepada sesuatu atau era tertentu atau kurikulum tertentu adalah sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan Qur’an itu sendiri. Seperti halnya kita menerima penjelasan tentang metode dan ragam yang sudah ada, maka kita juga harus menyambut baik ragam tafsir dan orientasinya saat ini selama menggunakan pendekatan yang tepat dan metode yang baik. Meski demikian, tidak mungkin berurusan dengan Qur’an yang perspektif tafsirannya naif dan mengikuti kecenderungan politik tertentu hingga memunculkan gerakan atau kelompok politik tertentu. Alih-alih justru membawa Qur’an dalam pertikaian politik dan jauh dari pesan-pesan Qur’an yang sebenarnya.