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Jurnal Solum

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Published by Universitas Andalas

ISSN : 18297994 EISSN : 02560835 DOI : https://doi.org/10.2057/jsolum

Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

Focuses and scopes of Jurnal Solum is to publishes all aspects in the original research of soil science or review covering: Soil physic and soil conservation, Soil mineralogy, Soil chemistry and soil fertility, Soil biology and soil biochemical, Soil genesis and classification, Land survey and land evaluation, Land development and management environmental.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Tanah

Articles 173 Documents

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SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA LAHAN PERTANIAN MONOKULTUR PADA BEBERAPA KELAS LERENG DI DAERAH UTARA KAKI GUNUNG TALANG Junaidi Junaidi; Mimien Harianti; Oktanis Emalinda; Herviyanti Herviyanti; Azizah R
Jurnal Solum Vol 18, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

The area at the foot of Mount Talang is one of the areas that excellent in agriculture, especially the cultivation of horticultural crops. In the northern area with steep slope conditions, the local community applies an intensive monoculture cropping system, this will accelerate land degradation in the long term. This study aims to examine the physicochemical properties of monoculture agricultural land in the northern foothills of Mount Talang on several slopes. This research was conducted with a survey method, soil sampling was carried out by means of purposive random sampling, on monoculture agricultural land on slopes > 45%, 25-45%, 15-25%, and 8-15% and forest as control, at a depth of 0 -20cm and 20-40cm. The results showed that the soil texture that dominates at the forest and monoculture agricultural land are dusty loam. Soil water content increases with increasing soil layer depth, soil water content in monocultures 25-45% (73.72%) is the highest. Soil volume weight ranging from 0.4-0.6 g / cm3 has the same tendency at both soil depths. The total pore space of forest land and monoculture agricultural land is a large average of 75% with high criteria. The highest soil organic C content was found in monoculture agricultural land with a slope of >45%. The pH value of H2O for all land uses was 5.15-5.29 and the pH for KCl was 4.5-5.2 for acid criteria. The cation exchange capacity was above 40 me/100g (very high criteria), the total N content was 0.8-1.6% with very high criteria, too. Based on the researchs data, the physicochemical properties of monoculture agricultural land on several slope classes matched the physiochemical conditions of the forest. The potential for land degradation is still minimal even though it is on the upper slopes of the foot of Mount Talang. However, monoculture farming while maintaining soil organic matter content must remain a priority for agricultural land management in this area.Key words: monoculture land, forest, slope, North area of foot Mount Talang

PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merril) DI TANAH ULTISOL Adni Mahdhar; Ermadani Ermadani; Aryunis Aryunis
Jurnal Solum Vol 18, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Rice waste has the potential to be used as a biochar raw material which can be used to overcome constraints on Ultisol soils. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of biochar from rice straw and phosphate fertilizers which give growth and yield of soybeans in Ultisols soil. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications, the first factor was the input of biochar (B) at a dose of 15 tonnes ha-1consisting of: b0 = no biochar, b1 = rice husk biochar 15 ton ha-1, b2 = rice straw biochar 15 ton ha-1, b3 = husk and rice straw biochar 15 ton ha-1. The second factor is the dosage of phosphate fertilizer (P) consisting of: p0 = without phosphate fertilizer, p1 = 60 kg ha-1 TSP (50% of recommendation), p2 = 120 kg ha-1 TSP (100% of recommendation). The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar and phosphate fertilizer applications on plant height, number of flowers per plant, number of productive branches per plant, percentage of fruit set per plant and crop index of soybean. However, the application of phosphate fertilizers significantly increased the number of flowers. There is an interaction between the application of biochar and phosphate fertilizers on leaf area, number of pods per plant, number of pods contained per plant, dry weight of biomass per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant, yield per hectare, net assimilation rate and uptake of plant phosphorus. Application of rice straw biochar with a dose of 15 tonnes ha-1 and a dose of phosphate fertilizer 60 kg ha-1 increased leaf area 36.74%, number of pods per plant 39.96%, number of filled pods per plant 47.61%, dry weight of biomass per plant 46.82%, seed dry weight per plant 52.65%, yield per hectare 54.68%, net assimilation rate 182.38% and plant phosphorus uptake 72.32%.Key words: biochar, P-fertilizer, rice husk, straw, soya, Ultisols

SOIL NUTRIENT LOSS THROUGH EROSION CAUSES ECONOMIC LOSS IN THE DELI WATERSHED UPSTREAM Nurmala Fitri; Aceng Hidayat; Ahyar Ismail
Jurnal Solum Vol 19, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Soil erosion generally occurs in areas with steep slopes, especially in mountainous regions, such as the upstream of Deli Watershed located in the administrative area of Karo Regency and Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Apart from the biophysical form of the land, this area also tends to have a higher rainfall level than other lower sites. In addition, the condition of the land surface that lacks green vegetation, such as forests, may lead to erosion. The loss of soil particles, in turn, has the potential to eliminate soil nutrients that act as inputs for agricultural production. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate the average erosion upstream of the Deli watershed and estimate the value of the economic loss of soil nutrient loss due to erosion. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Method and the Replacement Cost Method were used. The analysis results showed that the average erosion of the Deli Watershed upstream was 583.02 tonnes/ha/year, which is classified as very heavy erosion. At the same time, the economic loss value for replacing soil nutrients was Rp 2,072,636,100 per ha. Hence, it shows the application of Soil and Water Conservation (KTA) is needed to reduce economic losses due to environmental degradation.Key words : erosion, nutrient loss, replacement cost, USLE

Aktivitas β-Glukosidase pada Beberapa Kelas Penggunaan Lahan Gambut Tropis di Pesisir Selatan, Sumatera Barat nurul hijri; Mimien Harianti; Zuldadan Naspendra; Teguh Budi Prasetyo
Jurnal Solum Vol 19, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Most of the peatlands in Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra have been converted into agricultural activities. Due to drainage, the peat decomposition process becomes faster. The activity of β-glucosidase is one of the enzymes that can be used as an indicator of the decomposition of organic matter and produces greenhouse gas emissions, likes CO2. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the activity of β-glucosidase in several land uses in Pesisir Selatan peatlands. Observations were performed in several land-use types consisting of agricultural land (LP), bare land (LT), shrubs (SB), smallholder oil palm plantations (PSr), private company oil palm plantations (PSs), and forests (H). The activity of β-glucosidase was analyzed by using salicin and Na-acetate methods. The results of this study showed that the highest β-glucosidase activity was found in agricultural land use (LP). Based on the land use types, the activity of β-glucosidase follows agricultural land (LP) 3.42 μg.g-1.jam-1 > bare land (LT) 2.26 μg.g-1.jam-1 > shrubs (SB) 1.63 μg.g-1.jam-1 > smallholder oil palm plantations (PSR) 1.31 μg.g-1.jam-1 > private company oil palm plantations (PSs) 1.28 μg.g-1.jam-1 > forest (H) 0.80 μg.g-1.jam-1. Soil characteristic that significantly affects enzyme activity is water content where the higher the water content, the lower the β-glucosidase activity, and vice versa. Based on this study can be concluded that the change in land use from natural land to agricultural land triggers an increase in the activity of enzymes in decomposed peat materials.Key words: β-glucosidase, enzyme, palm plantation, land-use, peatland

Rasio Fraksi Debu-Liat Sebagai Indikator Perkembangan dan Kesuburan Tanah Muhammad Nuriman; Rini Hazriani; Tri Tiana Ahmadi Putri
Jurnal Solum Vol 19, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Soil horizon development is a determinant of soil type and characteristics. The morphology reflects the stages of soil formation by observing the genetic horizon. The genetic horizon is a soil layer distinguished by symbols (O, A, E, B, C, and R). Soil formation can also be obtained from the silt-clay fraction as part of the soil texture observation. The silt-clay ratio can reflect the soil morphology and genesis. This study aimed to determine the silt-clay ratio as an indicator of soil development and fertility. This study was conducted in 2020 in Manismata Sub-District West Kalimantan Province with soil parent material derived from sedimentary rocks with the topography of 0-3%, 3-8%, and 8-15%. The observations were carried out on five soil profiles in terms of morphology, texture, organic matter, nitrogen, CEC, and Ca. Based on the results, entisol (regosol) had A-C genetic horizon and silt-clay ratio >2.73. Meanwhile, inceptisol (kambisol) had an A-B-C genetic horizon and a silt-clay ratio of 1.44 – 2.24. The silt-clay ratio in entisol had a significant influence on organic matter, CEC, and Ca of 75.79%, 86.98%, and 85.14%, respectively. Silt-clay ratio in inceptisol had a significant influence on organic matter, CEC, and Nitrogen. 3-8% inceptisol had a negative relationship of 67.25%, 52.33% and 84.59%, respectively. Meanwhile, 8-15% of Kambisol had a positive relationship with R2 of 69.08%, 54.49%, and 66.61%, respectively. The difference in the relationship (negative, positive) on inceptisol was due to 3-8% inceptisols having lithologic discontinuities. Thus, it can be concluded that the silt-clay ratio can be an indicator of soil development and fertility.Key words : Fertility, Morphogenesis, Silt/Clay, Soil Weathering

PERANAN PUPUK CAIR ASAL INOKULAN Trichoderma sp PADA BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KENTANG MERAH SEMI ORGANIK Jamilah Jamilah; Pendra Fauzi; Aslan Sari Thesiwati
Jurnal Solum Vol 19, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

The demand for red potatoes is quite high, especially for supermarkets and culinary businesses that require potatoes as the basic ingredient. To achieve optimal potato production, it is necessary to provide sufficient fertilizer, while the price of artificial fertilizers is getting more expensive, therefore it is necessary to look for alternative low-cost fertilizers. The purpose of the study was to find out the benefits of Trichoderma sp. fungi as liquid organic fertilizer (POC), in an effort to diminish the use of artificial fertilizers towards organic potato cultivation. The experiment was carried out from June - September 2021 at Danau Kembar. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), with 2 treatment factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the administration of POC Derma (fermented inoculant Trichoderma sp) doses consisting of 5 levels, namely: 0 ml L-1 (D0), 25 ml L-1 (D1), 50 ml L-1 (D2), 75 ml L-1 (D3), 100 ml L-1 (D4). The second factor the intensity of the application consists of two levels: (I1) 1 time a week and (I2) once every 2 weeks. Observational data were analyzed by means of variance using the F-test with a significant level of 5% and if the treatment had a significant effect, it was continued with the Least Significant Difference (BNT) test with a level of 5%. From the results of experiments that have been carried out, it is found that giving POC Derma (fermented inoculant Trichoderma sp) 75 ml L-1 inevery 2 weeks gave the highest production reaching 27.56 t ha-1 in semi-organic red potato cultivation.Key words: Derma liquid organic fertilizer, Trichoderma sp, red potato, semi organic

KAJIAN BEBERAPA KARAKTERISTIK TANAH GAMBUT PADA LAHAN TERBAKAR DAN TIDAK TERBAKAR DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT Virmanto, Dedy; Sa'ad, Asmadi; Arsyad, AR; Ermadani, Ermadani
Jurnal Solum Vol 19, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsolum.19.2.43-52.2022

The excessive drainage system on peat causes the peat to dry out, especially during the dry season. This condition triggers the occurrence of extensive and intensive land fires, which causes changes in the characteristics of peat soils. This study aimed to study the characteristics of peat soil consisting of several physical and chemical properties of peat on burned and unburned land in oil palm plantations in Pematang Raman Village, Kumpeh District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research was carried out using a survey method. Observation block area was determined by purposive sampling based on adjacent land conditions (burned and unburned). Observation points were set on a grid that was perpendicular to the canal with a horizontal distance of 200 m from 1000 m block length and a vertical distance of 50 m from 300 m block width with an area of each block + 30 ha. The time interval between the fire incident and sampling was 17 months. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of burnt and unburned peat showed differences in the level of maturity, physical and chemical properties of the soil. Burnt peat soil had a faster weathering rate as indicated by the dominance of the sapric maturity level in the top layer (0-20 cm) and below the surface (20-40 cm). The bulk density, ash content, and pH of the burned peat soil were higher, while the C-organic content, total N, C/N, and water content were lower.Keywords: burned; chemical and physical properties; peat soils

Pola Frekuensi Kebutuhan Air Irigasi pada beberapa Penggunaan Lahan dengan Teknologi Otomatisasi Monitoring Pengendalian Kelembaban Tanah berbasis Sensor Dielektrik Putri, Elsa Lolita; Fitriani, Nur; Hermawan, Bandi; Herman, Welly
Jurnal Solum Vol 19, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsolum.19.2.53-61.2022

Indonesia is an agrarian country and requires the development of improvements in soil productivity. The decline in soil productivity for agriculture is currently caused by several factors, namely land conversion to a decrease in the quantity of ground water. The actual frequency pattern of irrigation water needs with the application of dielectric sensor technology is carried out in cultivation in order to create efficiency in the provision of irrigation water. This research was conducted using a single factor experimental method with repeated measurements on three types of land use, namely land without vegetation, soil with grass vegetation, and soil with tomato cultivation. Measurements were carried out using an automated application of soil moisture monitoring based on dielectric technology with two measuring periods. Each measuring period consists of two weeks or fourteen days. Soil sample analysis was carried out at the Bengkulu University soil laboratory. The results of the observations were analyzed using variance (ANOVA) on the 5% F test table, the BNT test was carried out at the 5% level on data that had a significant effect. The results showed that the frequency of giving irrigation water on the 1st day to the 14th day in the 2 observation periods on the Bera land was the most common compared to the use of grass vegetated land and the use of tomato cultivation land, which was 5 times in the 1st and 4th periods. times in the 2nd period with 14 days each. Provision of irrigation water will stop automatically when the dielectrometer shows the field capacity so that it can show the frequency of giving different water to each field.Key words : Dielectric; Frequency; Irrigation water

Kombinasi Aplikasi Biochar dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Terhadap Jagung Manis Pada Entisol Herman, Welly; Zakaria, Edi; Nusantara, Abimanyu Dipo; Gusmara, Herry; Putri, Elsa Lolita
Jurnal Solum Vol 19, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsolum.19.2.62-69.2022

Entisols are sandy soils with P and K in form still fresh and cannot be absorbed by plants, thereby affecting plant growth and production. Therefore, it is necessary to add rice husk biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to help provide nutrients to support the growth of sweet corn plants. The research was carried out from August to October 2020 in Beringin Raya Village, Bengkulu City with coordinates S03°45,434' E102°15,687'. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the dose of rice husk biochar: 0, 5, and 10 tons ha-1 ; and the second factor was the AMF dose of 0, 5, and 10 g of propagule. The total 27 units was obtained from nine treatment combinations that was repeated three times. Each experimental unit consisted of 2 sample plants so that there were 54 polybags. Soil parameters observations were soil pH, CEC, organic C, nutrient levels of N, P, K and P uptake. Phosphor uptake was calculated based on the total dry weight of plants x nutrient content of P. The variables observed in plants were plant height, root length, plant dry weight (roots and stems), ear length, cob diameter, cob weight. The result was no interaction between rice husk biochar and AMF on growth, P uptake, and yield of sweet corn. Application 10 tons ha-1 of rice husk biochar of biochar and inoculation of 10 g of plant propagule-1 gave the best results on growth, P uptake, and yield of sweet corn.Keywords: Biochar: Entisols, Mycorrhizal

Penentuan Kesehatan DAS Welang Sesuai Nilai Daya Dukung DAS Berdasarkan Kriteria Lahan Prameswari, Anindya Hayu; Maroeto, Maroeto; Purwadi, Purwadi
Jurnal Solum Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsolum.20.1.1-10.2023

The availability of land is dwindling along with the high population growth rate in each part of the Welang watershed, which has resulted in the health of the Welang watershed declining. Assessment of the health of the Welang watershed based on land criteria is expected to be able to determine the ability of the Welang watershed to provide for the needs of the community around the watershed. This study aims to determine the management and the condition of the carrying capacity of the watershed in terms of land criteria. Determination of watershed health was done by assessing the value of watershed carrying capacity according to the Regulation of the Minister of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number: P.61/Menhut-II/2014 concerning Monitoring and Evaluation of Watershed Management. The carrying capacity value is reviewed based on land criteria, including: a) the percentage of critical land (PCL) through the calculation of critical land area, b) the percentage of vegetation cover (PVV) through the calculation of permanent vegetation area and c) the erosion index (EI) using the USLE approach. The Welang watershed is divided into upstream, middle and downstream areas of Bromo and Arjuno,. The results show that the carrying capacity of each part of the watershed is poor to moderate. The Arjuno upstream with the highest value of 50 is classified as bad class according to the percentage of PCL of 38.44%, PVV 66.92% and IE 1.88 tons/ha/year. Upstream Bromo has a value of 47.5 which is classified as poor class according to the PCL value of 28.10%, PVV 38.44% and EI 0.15 tons/ha/year. The downstream watershed has a value of 40, which is classified as medium class according to the percentage of critical land value of 0%, PVV 2.07% and EI 0.74 tons/ha/year and middle class has the lowest value 37.5 which is classified as medium class according to the PCL value of 6.44%, PVV 15.87% and EI 0.74 tons/ha/year. Based on the high PCL values in the upstream and middle areas which are classified as high, it can be concluded that the carrying capacity value of Arjuno and Bromo watershed is classified into the poor class as a result of the PCL values in the upstream and middle areas which are classified as high.Keywords: Carrying capacity, Erosion Index, Watershed

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Agustian

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agustian@agr.unand.ac.id

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Gedung Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Kampus Unand LIMAU MANIS PADANG 25163

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