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Jurnal Dampak
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 25975129     EISSN : 18296084     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social, Engineering,
Engineering Environmental Science
Jurnal Dampak merupakan publikasi bidang lingkungan hidup yang bersifat ilmiah, dapat berupa hasil penelitian, aplikasi teknologi tepat guna atau ide penyelesaian terhadap permasalahan lingkungan hidup yang ada. Naskah belum pernah dipublikasikan dalam media lain, atau naskah sedang dalam proses review dan/atau menunggu untuk diterbitkan di media lain.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 208 Documents
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Studi Pemanfaatan Kotoran Sapi Sebagai Sumber Biogas di Nagari Aie Tajun Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Renny Eka Putri; Andasuryani Andasuryani; Intan Pratiwi
Dampak Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.1.26-30.2019

Abstract

Biogas adalah gas yang dihasilkan melalui proses anaerobik bahan organik dalam digester atau bak penampung menjadi energi. Energi yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti minyak tanah atau gas elpiji untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari seperti memasak. Nagari Aie Tajun merupakan daerah dengan mayoritas bermata pencaharian petani dan peternak. Para peternak memiliki sapi setidaknya 3-4 ekor sapi, tapi hampir tidak ada yang memanfaatkan kotoran sapi sebagai sumber energi melainkan hanya dibuang begitu saja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengatasi masalah kotoran sapi yang belum digunakan oleh petani sebagai biogas. Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, meliputi pembuatan instalasi biogas, uji teknis terhadap biogas dan pendampingan terhadap masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa gas sudah mulai terbentuk pada hari ke 15 dan maksimum pada hari ke 21 dengan ditandai dengan menggelembungnya digester dan keluarnya bau khas kotoran sapi. Pengisian kotoran sapi ke dalam digester perlu dilakukan minimal setiap dua sampai tiga hari sekali dengan kotoran sapi sebanyak 20 - 30 liter. Biogas yang dihasilkan telah dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memasak sehari-hari oleh masyarakat setempat.
Analisis Konsentrasi PM2,5, CO dan CO2 di Dalam Ruangan Akibat Penggunaan Kompor Biomassa Berbahan Bakar Briket Tempurung Kelapa dan Briket Kayu Bakar Fadjar Goembira; Afifah Nazir; Amalia Husna; Taufiq Ihsan
Dampak Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.1.42-50.2019

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the concentration of PM2.5, CO and CO2 indoor due to the use of biomass stoves and to calculate the value of combustion efficiency and fuel use efficiency in biomass stoves. The test was conducted by the water boiling test method to simulate the cooking process that was divided into 3 phases. The fuel used was coconut shell briquettes and firewood briquettes. Based on the test results the obtained concentration of PM2.5 from the the use of coconut shell briquette was 21.03 µg/Nm3 during the cold start phase, 23.66 µg/Nm3 in the hot start phase, and 15.57 µg/Nm3 in the simmering phase. As for Firewood briquette, it had lower PM2.5 concentrations, i.e., 17.17 µg/Nm3 in the cold start phase, 20.63 µg/Nm3 in the hot start phase, and 12.17 µg/Nm3 in the simmering phase. The results of CO concentration measurement in coconut shell briquette for the cold start, hot start, and simmering phases were 4.57; 4.32 and 5.27 ppm, respectively, and for firewood briquette were 3.92; 3.69 and 4.61 ppm, correspondingly. While for CO2 concentration measurements, for coconut shell briquette at cold start, hot start, and simmering phases were 376.83; 364.56 and 443.11 ppm, respectively, and for firewood briquette were 397.4; 383.61 and 486.45 ppm, accordingly. The concentration of PM2.5, CO and CO2 did not exceed the indoor air quality standard regulated by the Minister of Health Regulation No. 1077 of 2011 which is 35 µg/Nm3 for PM2.5, 9 ppm for CO and 1,000 ppm for CO2. The ratio of the biomass stove CO / CO2 briquette fuel was below the value of 0.02 which means that the combustion process occurred perfectly. The efficiency value of coconut shell briquette combustion was lower than that of firewood briquette combustion which is influenced by heating value, water temperature, the amount of fuel used and the length of the testing process, while the efficient use of fuel from using briquettes was better than biomass stoves made from unprocessed/raw biomass fuels.
Kajian Pengelolaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah di Rumah Sakit Difana Meilani; Mohammad Hanif
Dampak Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.1.51-58.2019

Abstract

Risk management is a process of knowing, analyzing, and controlling risks of every activity in product and, service sectors. The aims are the process runs effectively and efficiently. One of the ISO studies on risk management has been guided in ISO 31000. This ISO provides a standard framework with the title "Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines on Implementation". Based on the sources in the Ministry of Health in 2016, there are 2,488 hospitals spread throughout Indonesia. However, only 10.29% of hospitals have ability to control the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) properly. The purposes of this research are determining risk priority of Wastewater Treatment Installation and prioritizing risk evaluation of WWTP at Ibnu Sina hospital, Padang. In this research, fuzzy AHP method was used. The questionnaire was validated by environmental department which monitors hospitals’ waste. After ranking the priority risk, Risk Breakdown Structure method was then being used to evaluate the risk that has potentiallty in waste water processing.The result from the fuzzy AHP are five risks, the main priority risk is the pipe with sub risk of liquid waste stuck with value of 0,0779.  The second risk is septictank with excess nitrification sub risk with value of 0,0713. The third risk is the sampit with subcritical liquid waste spilled with value of 0,0642. The fourth risk is the lack quality of human resources with the weight value of 0,0590 and the fifth risk is the blower with the condition is not feasible to use with the weight value of 0,0548.
ANALISIS BEBAN EMISI KENDARAAN DI GERBANG MASUK JALAN-JALAN ARTERI KE KOTA JAMBI Rizki Andre Handika; Zuli Rodhiyah; Wathri Fitrada; Annisa Purnama Sari
Dampak Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.1.7-14.2019

Abstract

The City of Jambi has three entering gateways for people from other places to get in using arterial roads. Two roads link Jambi City with South Sumatera, West Sumatera and also Riau Provinces, and one another connects to West Tanjung Jabung and East Tanjung Jabung Regencies. Many vehicles, starting from individual cars and motor cyclesuntil HDV with more dimensions such as trailer truck, have increased air pollution and would generate effect to human health. The research aimed to estimate the load emission from mobile sources on those gateways using Mobilev 3.0 software, and converted the results using Microsoft Excel for advance analysis. Data input came from the number of vehicles from General Sudirman Street, West Ring Road, Surya Dharma Street, South Ring Road, East Ring Road, and Yos Sudarso Street which was enumerated by direct observation using traffic counting method. The results showed that the highest emission (ton/year) to CO and HC was from General Sudirman Street and for CO2, NOx, PM10, and soot was from South Ring Road. The total average daily traffic (ADT) was 435,684.30 units of vehicles per 24 hours, which the biggest was in General Sudirman Street with 114,451.30 units of vehicles per 24 hours. Through this research, both the emission load and also the traffic load situation in each road could be described and became the important information on road transportation management related to ambient air pollution and greenhouse gases controlling.
Apakah Pendidikan Lingkungan Merupakan Faktor Utama Pembentuk Perilaku Lingkungan pada Masyarakat di Negara Berkembang? Nova - Ulhasanah
Dampak Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.1.31-41.2019

Abstract

Environmental education in developed countries is currently being intensively developed to increase the environmental awareness of the community in order to achieve sustainable development. But for developing countries like Indonesia, is environmental education the most urgent thing to do first to improve the successful implementation of environmental management system? This paper presents an analysis of social aspects related to the environmental behavior of a society, which is about the importance of the "environmental education" factor for people in developing countries in general, in Indonesia specifically. In addition, other factors that form the environmental behavior of the community and their relationships with one another are also discussed. The topic chosen to represent environmental behavior in this paper is the community's environmental awareness for the waste management system in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) (which consists of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)) to investigate the environmental behavior of the community represented by 609 respondents living in the Padang city. The results of the study show that environmental education factor is ranked 3rd out of 8 determinants of the formation of environmental behavior in society, namely after the factors of "government role" and "law enforcement". This research is expected to be able to provide information to various stakeholders where providing environmental education to the community has not been able to effectively change the environmental behavior of the community if the government's role in making a good environmental management system and strong law enforcement have not been carried out.
Analisis Risiko Karsinogenik Paparan PM10 Terhadap Pedagang di Kelurahan Pasar Jambi Resti Ayu Lestari; Rizki Andre Handika; Solikhati Indah Purwaningrum
Jurnal Dampak Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.2.59-65.2019

Abstract

Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) is small particles with generally 10 μm  diameters. These particles can be inhaled and induce respiratory system disorders, such as breathlessness, lung cancer and even death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the carcinogenic level of health risks that were caused by PM10 exposure to vendors in Pasar Jambi. This study used observational research with Environmental Health Risk Assessment approach. The element of carcinogenic level in PM10 included Pb and Ni. Primary data of this study were vendors characteristics, Pb concentration and Ni concentration. The number of samples used was 95 people. The results showed that the average concentration of Pb and Ni at Pasar Jambi were 27.938x10-3 µg/m3 and 2.574x10-3 µg/m3. The average realtime intake of Pb and Ni were 7.015x10-7 mg/kg/day and 5.477x10-8 mg/kg/day. The average lifetime intake of Pb and Ni were 2.073x10-6 mg/kg/day and 1.619x10-7 mg/kg/day. Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) for Pb exposure to all samples was ≤10-6, as well as for Ni exposure. In conclusion, carcinogenic risk for vendors in Pasar Jambi was uncertain  and the carcinogenic level of health risk mostly safe for realtime and lifetime.Keywords :  PM10, Carcinogenic, Risk Assessment, Health      ABSTRAK  Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) adalah partikel kecil yang umumnya berdiameter ≤ 10 μm. Partikel-partikel ini dapat dihirup dan menyebabkan gangguan sistem pernapasan, seperti sesak napas, kanker paru-paru dan bahkan kematian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko kesehatan karsinogenik yang disebabkan oleh paparan PM10 terhadap pedagang di Pasar Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Analisis  Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan. Unsur tingkat karsinogenik dalam PM10 adalah Pb dan Ni. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 95 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi rata-rata Pb dan Ni di Pasar Jambi adalah 27,938x10-3 μg/m3 dan 2,574x10-3μg/m3. Asupan Pb dan Ni rata-rata realtime adalah 7,015x10-7mg/kg/hari dan 5,477x10-8 mg/kg/hari. Asupan Pb dan Ni rata-rata seumur hidup adalah 2,073x10-6 mg/kg/hari dan 1,619x10-7mg/kg/ hari. Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) untuk paparan Pb dan Ni untuk semua sampel adalah ≤10-6. Kesimpulannya, risiko karsinogenik bagi pedagang di Pasar Jambi masih aman dan belum berdampak karsinogenik.Kata Kunci : PM10, Karsinogenik, Analisis Risiko, Kesehatan 
Analisis Timbulan, Komposisi dan Potensi Daur Ulang Sampah Di Kampus Politeknik ATI Padang Seprimon Seprimon; Rizki Aziz; Candrianto Candrianto
Jurnal Dampak Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.2.66-70.2019

Abstract

 The purpose of this research is to analyze the generation, composition, and potential of waste recycling at the campus of Polytechnic ATI Padang with the number of samples and sampling method determined based on SNI 19-3964-1994. The average waste generation on the campus of Polytechnic ATI Padang is 0.0076 kg/o/h for unit weight or 0.0922 l/o/h for unit volume. Based on the source, waste generation of administrative facilities 0.1456 l/o/h, classroom 0.0106 l/o/h, ukm facilities 0.0865 l/o/h, library facilities 0.0898 l/o/h, lecturer’s room 0.1971 l/o/h, canteen 0.1442 l/o/h, laboratory 0,1204 l/o/h, worship facilities 0,0353 l/o/h, and yard/garden 0,0847 l/m2/h. The composition of garbage on the campus of Polytechnic ATI Padang is dominated by dry waste 63,40 %, which consists of paper waste 26,49 %, plastic 28,24 %, textile 0,08 %, rubber 0.40 %, glass 0,38 %, metal 0,05 %, cans 0,95 % , and etc 6,81% and wet garbage 36,60 % consisting of food waste 13,32 %, waste page 23,07 % and wood 0,21 %. Potentially recycled waste components are paper waste 60,41 %, plastic 94,85 %, glass 57,50 %, 100 % garbage can, 100 % yard waste, and food waste 82,80%. The average potential of recycling garbage on campus of Polytechnic ATI Padang is 74,39 % consisting of recycling potential of dry waste 52.05% and recycling potential of wet waste 22.34 %.Keywords : waste generation, garbage composition, waste recycling potential, Polytechnic ATI Padang     ABSTRAK  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pembangkitan, komposisi, dan potensi daur ulang limbah di kampus Politeknik ATI Padang dengan jumlah sampel dan metode pengambilan sampel ditentukan berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994. Rata-rata timbulan sampah di kampus Politeknik ATI Padang adalah 0,0076 kg / o / jam untuk satuan berat atau 0,0922 l / o / jam untuk volume unit. Berdasarkan sumbernya, timbulan limbah fasilitas administrasi 0,1456 l / o / jam, ruang kelas 0,0106 l / o / jam, fasilitas ukm 0,0865 l / o / jam, fasilitas perpustakaan 0,0898 l / o / jam, ruang dosen 0,1971 l / o / jam h, kantin 0,1442 l / o / h, laboratorium 0,1204 l / o / jam, fasilitas ibadah 0,0353 l / o / jam, dan halaman / taman 0,0847 l / m2 / jam. Komposisi sampah di kampus Politeknik ATI Padang didominasi oleh sampah kering 63,40%, yang terdiri dari limbah kertas 26,49%, plastik 28,24%, tekstil 0,08%, karet 0,40%, kaca 0,40%, gelas 0, 38%, logam 0,05%, kaleng 0,95%, dan lain-lain 6,81% dan sampah basah 36,60% terdiri dari limbah makanan 13,32%, limbah halaman 23,07% dan kayu 0,21%. Komponen limbah yang berpotensi didaur ulang adalah limbah kertas 60,41%, plastik 94,85%, gelas 57,50%, tong sampah 100%, limbah halaman 100%, dan limbah makanan 82,80%. Potensi rata-rata sampah daur ulang di kampus Politeknik ATI Padang adalah 74,39% yang terdiri dari potensi daur ulang limbah kering 52,05% dan potensi daur ulang limbah basah 22,34%. Kata Kunci: timbulan sampah, komposisi sampah, potensi daur ulang, Politeknik ATI Padang 
Meningkatkan Kinerja Unit Komposter Dalam Memproduksi Kompos Organik Cair Nurjazuli nurjazuli; Hanif Tegar Muktiana Sari
Dampak Vol 16, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.1.1-6.2019

Abstract

Background: Domestic waste is a side product of human activities in the fullfill of daily needs. Organic waste is the most number of waste produced by the household with 60-70% of quantity. And It increases time to time and becomes a big burden for the goverment to manage. Community participation is very expected in handling It’s organic waste. It is needed an appropriate technology wich is implemented by community easily. The author had ever done action research using a technology in producing organic liquid compost from domestic waste, but It had low performance in producing both liquid compost and slow process. Based on this research result, It is very important to create new inovation to increase the performance of composter unit. So, this research aimed to increase the performance of composter unit in producing organic liquid compost from domestic waste.Method: It was an experimental research using pra-experimental design. One unit of composter which was modified on outlet size was used during the research running. To increase the speed in producing liquid compost, It was modified by increasing consentration and volume of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) solusion twice in dosering as stater the process. Observation of the process was done to gain information qualitatively on performance canges of composter unit. The data would be analyzed descriptively to illustrate the process canging  and product over the research running.Result: The resarch result showed that modification on outlet size can increase the operational performance of composter unit. The 0,5 inchi of outlet size can  increase the performance of composter unit in releasing liquid compost. So, It can improve the outlet performance compared to previous research. Consentration 10% and 20 times spray of EM4 solution can increase the speed and voluve of liquid compost produced by composter unit. The production of liquid compost increase rapidly on the second month after the process running. The liquid compost production is harvested every three days periodically. The liquid compost produced is one liter per day in average. Conclusion: This research concluded that modification on both outlet size and consentration  and volume of EM4 as starter can increase the performance of composter unit in producing organic liquid compost.
Evaluasi Penerapan Kampus Berkelanjutan dengan UI GreenMetric di Universitas Andalas Elita Amrina; Fitri Suryani
Jurnal Dampak Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.2.95-104.2019

Abstract

University can generate a significant impact to environment due to the high usage of materials, high usage of water, high consumption of energy, massive waste, extensive transportation, and extensive development of buildings and facilities. Thus, sustainable campus is become an important issue to university. This paper evaluates the implementation of sustainable campus in Andalas University using UI GreenMetric. The metric consists of six criteria divided into 39 indicators. A questionnaire is then designed and a total of 30 experts are consulted to determine the implementation level of sustainable campus. The results indicated setting and infrastructure as the most widely implemented criterion of sustainable campus in Andalas University. Otherwise, transportation is suggested as the least implemented criterion. The suggestions are then proposed to improve the transportation criterion consisting of improving the facilities and infrastructure of campus transportation, improving the schedule of campus bus, developing the car polling program, limiting the parking area, restricting the motor vehicle, promoting the cycling and walking campaign, and developing the environmentally sound transportation. It hoped the proposed suggestions can assist the university to continously improve the sustainable campus performance.Keywords: Sustainable Campus, Transportation, UI GreenMetric, UniversityABSTRAKUniversitas dapat menghasilkan dampak yang signifikan terhadap lingkungan karena tingginya penggunaan bahan, penggunaan air yang tinggi, konsumsi energi yang tinggi, limbah yang masif, transportasi yang ekstensif, dan pengembangan bangunan dan fasilitas yang ekstensif. Sehingga kampus berkelanjutan menjadi isu penting bagi universitas. Makalah ini mengevaluasi implementasi kampus berkelanjutan di Universitas Andalas menggunakan UI GreenMetric. Ukuran yang digunakan terdiri atas enam kriteria yang terbagi menjadi 39 indikator. Kuesioner kemudian dirancang dan konsultasi terhadap 30 pakar dilakukan untuk menentukan tingkat implementasi kampus berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penataan dan infrastruktur sebagai kriteria kampus berkelanjutan yang paling banyak diterapkan di Universitas Andalas. Sebaliknya, transportasi diperoleh sebagai kriteria yang paling rendah diterapkan. Usulan perbaikan kemudian dirancang untuk meningkatkan kriteria transportasi yang terdiri atas meningkatkan fasilitas dan infrastruktur transportasi kampus, meningkatkan jadwal bus kampus, mengembangkan program polling car, membatasi area parkir, membatasi kendaraan bermotor, mempromosikan kampanye bersepeda dan berjalan kaki, dan mengembangkan transportasi yang ramah lingkungan. Usulan tersebut diharapkan dapat membantu universitas untuk terus meningkatkan kinerja kampus yang berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: Kampus berkelanjutan, transportasi, UI GreenMetric, universitas  
Dampak Lingkungan Akibat Kegiatan Pariwisata di Kota Bukittinggi Nofriya Nofriya; Ardinis Arbain; Sari Lenggogeni
Jurnal Dampak Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.16.2.86-94.2019

Abstract

 Environmental pressure caused by tourism activities is increasing in line with the number of visitors and the development of infrastructure-related tourism to meet the needs of tourists who visit the tourist attractions. This leads to the increasing of the amount of solid and liquid waste, pollution, sanitation and aesthetic problems. Bukittinggi has a leading tourist attractions that are almost all located within the city making it easier for tourists to travel to various locations. A thorough concern on environmental sustainability has not been undertaken by the tourism sector of Bukittinggi City. Bukittinggi is currently overshadowed by the concerns of the carrying capacity of the city to accommodate several functions simultaneously within a limited area. The purpose of this research is to analyze the environmental problems caused by tourism activities in Bukittinggi City. This research was conducted by qualitative approach using in-depth interview to sector related with tourism, observation and literature study. Research activities conducted in June to October 2017. The results showed that tourism activities that tend to be centralized in the city center resulted in congestion and lack of parking space. The increase in tourists is followed by increased waste generation, energy use, CO2 emissions and water consumption. It is suggested to the government to synergize the policy of tourism development with the concept of sustainable development. Keywords: Sustainable Tourism , Tourism Environmental Impact, Ecotourism, Sustainable Development  ABSTRAK  Tekanan lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh kegiatan pariwisata semakin meningkat seiring dengan jumlah pengunjung dan pengembangan infrastruktur untuk memenuhi kebutuhan wisatawan. Hal ini menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah limbah padat dan cair, polusi, sanitasi dan masalah estetika. Kota Bukittinggi memiliki tempat-tempat wisata yang terkenal dan hampir semuanya terletak di dalam kota sehingga memudahkan wisatawan untuk melakukan perjalanan ke berbagai lokasi. Akan tetapi, perhatian menyeluruh terhadap kelestarian lingkungan belum dilakukan oleh sektor pariwisata. Sedangkan Kota Bukittinggi saat ini dibayangi oleh kekhawatiran daya dukung kota untuk mengakomodasi beberapa fungsi secara bersamaan dalam area terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis masalah lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh kegiatan pariwisata di Kota Bukittinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan wawancara mendalam pada sektor yang terkait dengan pariwisata, observasi dan studi literatur. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Oktober 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pariwisata yang cenderung terpusat di pusat kota mengakibatkan kemacetan dan kurangnya tempat parkir. Peningkatan wisatawan diikuti oleh peningkatan timbulan sampah, penggunaan energi, emisi CO2 dan konsumsi air. Disarankan kepada pemerintah untuk mensinergikan kebijakan pengembangan pariwisata dengan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: Pariwisata berkelanjutan, Dampak lingkungan pariwisata, Pembangunan berkelanjutan      

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