cover
Contact Name
Agus Chalid
Contact Email
gulid.p@gmail.com
Phone
+6285220013654
Journal Mail Official
gmhc.unisba@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jalan Hariangbanga No. 2, Tamansari, Bandung 40116
Location
Kota bandung,
Jawa barat
INDONESIA
Global Medical and Health Communication
ISSN : 23019123     EISSN : 24605441     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Global Medical and Health Communication is a journal that publishes research articles on medical and health published every 4 (four) months (April, August, and December). Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. Subjects suitable for publication include but are not limited to the following fields of anesthesiology and intensive care, biochemistry, biomolecular, cardiovascular, child health, dentistry, dermatology and venerology, endocrinology, environmental health, epidemiology, geriatric, hematology, histology, histopathology, immunology, internal medicine, nursing sciences, midwifery, nutrition, nutrition and metabolism, obstetrics and gynecology, occupational health, oncology, ophthalmology, oral biology, orthopedics and traumatology, otorhinolaryngology, pharmacology, pharmacy, preventive medicine, public health, pulmonology, radiology, and reproductive health.
Articles 422 Documents
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dan Usia Anak Satu Tahun Sampai Lima Tahun dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Azri Iskandar; Suganda Tanuwijaya; Lelly Yuniarti
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2483.308 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v3i1.1538

Abstract

Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) merupakan penyebab mortalitas utama pada penyakit menular di dunia. Hampir empat juta orang meninggal diakibatkan ISPA di dunia, angka ini terutama terjadi pada bayi dan anak. Sekitar 5% anak di bawah 5 tahun terkena ISPA di Indonesia. Jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia di bawah 5 tahun, dan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan faktor host yang dapat mengakibatkan insidensi ISPA cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan jenis kelamin, usia, dan riwayat BBLR dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak usia 1–5 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional, data diambil dalam satu waktu. Variabel bebas dihubungkan dengan variabel terikat dengan analisis statistik uji chi-kuadrat. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner yang ditanyakan kepada orangtua  pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Nurhayati Kabupaten Garut periode 1 April–14 Juni 2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 58% anak laki-laki menderita ISPA (p=0,002) dan laki-laki lebih berisiko terkena ISPA 1,839 kali dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Berdasarkan usia, 58% anak berusia 1–3 tahun menderita ISPA (p=0,003) dan anak usia 1–3 tahun lebih berisiko 1,77 kali dibanding dengan anak usia 3–5 tahun. Berdasarkan berat badan lahir, 66 dari 144 (47,1%) anak dengan berat badan lahir normal menderita ISPA (p=0,910). Simpulan, terdapat hubungan jenis kelamin dan usia dengan kejadian ISPA dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat BBLR dan kejadian ISPA pada anak usia 1–5 tahun. THE CORRELATION OF SEX AND ONE TO FIVE YEARS OF AGE AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION (ARI)Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of mortality in infectious diseases in the world. About four million people around the world died caused by ARI, especially common in infants and children. About 5% of children under 5 years suffered from ARI in Indonesia. Gender male, under 5 years old and a history of low birth weight (LBW) are a host factor that can lead to a high incidence of ARI. Therefore the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between gender, age and history of LBW with ARI incidence in children aged 1–5 years old. This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional study design, where the data were taken at a time. The independent variable correlating with the dependent variable in the statistical analysis chi square test. The data were taken from a questionnaire that were asked to parents of patients aged 1–5 years. This study was conducted in the General Hospital Nurhayati Garut in 1 April to 14 June 2014. These results showed that 58% male children suffered from ARI (p=0.002) and male were more at risk for ARI 1.839 times compared to female. Based on the age, 58% children aged 1–3 years suffered from ARI (p=0.003) and children aged 1–3 years were more at risk for ARI 1.77 times compared to children aged 3–5 years. Based on birth weight, 66 of 144 (47.1%) children had normal birth weight suffered from ARI (p=0.910). In conclusions, there are a relationship between sex, age and the incidence of ARI and there is no relationship between a history of LBW and ARI incidence in children aged 1–5 years.
Photokeratoconjunctivitis Symptoms among Informal Welding Operators in North Samarinda, Indonesia Iwan Muhamad Ramdan; Siti Badriatul Mursyidah; Siti Jubaedah
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (28.93 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v5i2.2147

Abstract

Informal sector has been contributing to the national economy but occupational health and safety practices in the sector has not been satisfactory. One of the informal sector which are found in North Samarinda is informal welding workshop, with dominant hazards is exposure to ultraviolet rays that can cause photokeratoconjunctivitis. The Objective of this study was to investigate the symptoms of photokeratoconjunctivitis and related factors among informal welding operator in North Samarinda. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 respondents. Research was conducted in March until November 2016. Data collection using ultraviolet detector meter, clamps meter, and questionnaire. Data analysis using chi-square, Pearson’s correlation product moment and multiple linear regression. 50% of respondents have photokeratoconjunctivitis symptoms. Personal protective equipment (PPE) (p=0.004), UV exposure duration (0.056), knowledge of health and safety (p=0.055) and number of working days (p=0.001) were associated with photokeratoconjunctivitis symptoms. Work location (p=0.244), level of education (p=0.680), age (0.167), intensity of UV radiation (p=0.206) and strength of welding current (p=0.085) were not related to photokeratoconjunctivitis symptoms. In conclusions, photokeratoconjunctivitis symptoms is influenced by the use of PPE, UV exposure duration, knowledge of health and safety, and number of working days. The most influential factor to the appearance of photokeratoconjunctivitis (β=0.32) is duration of UV exposure.GEJALA PHOTOKERATOCONJUCTIVITIS PADA PEKERJA LAS INFORMAL DI SAMARINDA UTARA, INDONESIASektor informal telah berkontribusi terhadap perekonomian nasional, namun praktik kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja pada sektor ini masih belum memuaskan. Salah satu usaha sektor informal yang banyak dijumpai di Samarinda Utara adalah usaha pengelasan dengan potensi bahaya utama paparan sinar ultraviolet yang dapat menyebabkan photokeratoconjunctivitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi kejadian photokeratoconjunctivitis dan faktor yang memengaruhinya pada operator las informal di Kelurahan Samarinda Utara. Penelitian cross-sectional telah dilakukan terhadap 40 responden pada bulan Maret sampai November 2016. Pengumpulan data menggunakan UV detector meter, clamp meter, dan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square, Pearson’s correlation product moment, dan multiple linear regression. Lima puluh persen responden mengalami gejala photokeratoconjunctivitis. Alat pelindung diri (APD) (p=0,004), durasi paparan UV (0,056), pengetahuan tentang kesehatan, dan keselamatan kerja (K3) (p=0,055) dan jumlah hari kerja (p=0,001) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian photokeratoconjunctivitis. Lokasi kerja (p=0,244), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,680), usia (0,167), intensitas radiasi UV (p=0,206), dan kuat arus las (p=0,085) tidak berhubungan dengan gejala photokeratoconjunctivitis. Simpulan, gejala photokeratoconjunctivitis dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan APD, durasi paparan UV, pengetahuan K3, dan jumlah hari kerja. Faktor yang paling dominan memengaruhi gejala photokeratoconjunctivitis adalah durasi paparan UV.
Bekatul (Oryza sativa L.) Menghambat Peningkatan Kadar Kolesterol Darah Astri Kania; Yuktiana Kharisma; Miranti Kania Dewi
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3684.359 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v2i1.1528

Abstract

Penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit kardiovaskuler disebabkan oleh pembentukan aterosklerosis pada pembuluh darah. Konsumsi larutan tepung bekatul (Oryza sativa L.) dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya aterosklerosis dengan cara menghambat peningkatan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini untuk menilai efek larutan tepung bejatul terhadap penghambatan peningkatan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan acak lengkap telah dilakukan pada 20 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Kelompok I adalah kontrol negatif yang diberikan diet tinggi lemak dan propiltiurasil (PTU) 0,01%, kelompok II merupakan kontrol positif yang hanya diberi pelet. Kelompok III, IV, dan V adalah kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan sediaan uji 0,27 gram/200 gram BB, 0,54 gram/200 gram BB, dan 1,08 gram/200 gram BB, DTL dan PTU 0,01% secara bersamaan. Pengukuran kadar kolesterol darah dilakukan sebelum diberikan perlakuan (hari ke-7) dan setelah diberikan perlakuan (hari ke-21) dengan menggunakan metode kolorimetrik enzimatik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa larutan tepung bekatul memiliki efek penghambatan terhadap peningkatan kadar kolesterol darah dengan dosis 0,54 gram/200 gram BB. Efek penghambatan tersebut diakibatkan oleh mekanisme interaksi dari orizanol, fitosterol, dan omega-3 yang terdapat dalam larutan tepung bekatul. RICE BRAN (ORYZA SATIVA L.) INHIBIT THE INCREASE OF BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELCardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world, including Indonesia. This disease caused by atherosclerosis formation in blood vessel. Consumption of rice bran is one alternative to prevent atherosclerosis by inhibiting the increase of blood cholesterol level. The aim of study was to analyze rice bran in inhibiting the increase of blood choelsterol level. The laboratory experimental study with complete randomized design has been conducted to 20 male mice Wistar strain divided into five groups. Group I is the negative control group with high-fat diet and 0,01 % propylthiouracil (PTU), group II is the positive control group with standard diet, and group III, IV and V are the treatment group which were given 0,27 grams/200 grams of BW, 0,54 grams/200 grams of BW, and 1,08 grams/200 grams of BW, DTL, and 0,01 % PTU. The measurement of the blood cholesterol rate conducted before treatment (7th days) and after treatment (21st days) using enzymatic colorimetric method. The result showed that the dose of rice bran solution inhibit the increased of blood cholesterol level at 0,54 grams/200 grams of BW. Inhibitory effect was caused by the interaction mechanism betweem oryzanol, phytosterol, and omega-3 that are in the rice bran solution.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Dokter Pasca-Program Internship Dokter Indonesia (PIDI) Tahun 2013 Siti Nur Hasanah; Mieska Despitasari; Harimat Hendarwan
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (131.582 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v5i2.1895

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PIDI merupakan tahap pelatihan keprofesian praregistrasi berbasis kompetensi pelayanan primer guna memahirkan kompetensi yang telah dicapai setelah memperoleh kualifikasi sebagai dokter melalui pendidikan kedokteran dasar. PIDI dilaksanakan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang menjadi wahana internship. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang untuk memperoleh gambaran pelaksanaan program dan penilaian kompetensi peserta internship tahun 2013. Populasi penelitian adalah peserta internship periode Maret­–Mei 2012. Sampel penelitian adalah peserta internship dari 9 FK di 9 kabupaten/kota di 9 provinsi, dipilih melalui multistage sampling dengan mempertimbangkan status akreditasi asal FK peserta internship, kepemilikan FK, wilayah penempatan, dan frekuensi keterlibatan wahana internship. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kelompok diskusi terfokus, wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Terjadi peningkatan pemahiran, pemandirian, dan profesionalisme pada 7 area kompetensi inti dokter melalui proses internship 75–98,3%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa PIDI diperlukan dalam proses pemahiran, pemandirian, dan peningkatan profesionalisme. Proporsi penanggulangan kasus UKP peserta sudah memenuhi target yang ditetapkan. Sebanyak 78% jenis kasus memiliki proporsi penanganan kasus UKP di atas target. Cakupan kegiatan terbesar berada pada penanganan kasus bedah (94,1%). PIDI perlu dilanjutkan karena berdampak meningkatkan luaran profesionalisme dokter dan peningkatan sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Diperlukan peningkatan kualitas luaran Fakultas Kedokteran agar peningkatan pemahiran dan pemandirian serta profesionalisme dapat berjalan secara optimal.DOCTORS’ COMPETENCY IMPROVEMENT GAINED AFTER PROGRAM INTERSHIP DOKTER INDONESIA (PIDI) YEAR 2013PIDI is a training in pre-registration phase of competency-based primary care to improve competency gained after doctor qualification from basic medical education. PIDI implemented in health care facilities that called “wahana”. A cross sectional research has been conducted in March–May 2013 to obtain PIDI implementation and assessment of interns’ competency. The population was interns which start their internship in May 2012. Interns from 9 medical faculties from 9 districts/cities in 9 provinces were selected as samples by multistage sampling considering the accreditation of medical faculties where interns finished their study, medical faculties’ ownership (public or private), placement and frequency of site’s involvement on PIDI. Data collected through focus group discussions, interviews, observation, and documents review. Results showed that competency in seven core competencies, autonomy and professionalism have been improved 75–98.3% through PIDI. This shows that PIDI was needed as a competencies, autonomy and professionalism enhancement before a doctor do his/her private practice. The proportion of 2013 interns’ handling on personal health care (UKP) has already meet the target. 78% of UKP’s type of cases have been done by interns. The highest proportion in surgical cases (94.1%). PIDI should be continued because it affects on the improvement of doctors’ professionalism and improved health care system. It is necessary to improve the quality of Medical faculty’s output in order to optimize the improvement on doctors’ competencies, autonomy and professionalism.
Determinan Sosial dalam Kematian Maternal di RSUD dr. Abdoer Rahem Kabupaten Situbondo Gurendro Putro; Iram Barida Maisya
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 6, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (442.662 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v6i1.3274

Abstract

Angka kematian ibu (AKI) yang tinggi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan prioritas di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menurunkan AKI, namun hingga saat ini AKI masih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 305/100.000 kelahiran hidup. Peningkatan program kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA) salah satunya dengan mencegah kematian maternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aspek sosial budaya dari keluarga dan masyarakat tentang kematian maternal di RSUD dr. Abdoer Rahem Kabupaten Situbondo. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan desain retrospektif pada kasus ibu yang meninggal di rumah sakit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap informan yang terdiri atas keluarga dari bulan Januari–Juli tahun 2013. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 6 kasus kematian rujukan di rumah sakit selama bulan Januari–Juli tahun 2013. Masih ditemukan perkawinan usia muda, berpendidikan dari tidak lulus SD sampai SMA. Kepercayaan masyarakat masih menyembunyikan kehamilan sampai 3 bulan pertama. Sebagian besar masih memeriksakan kehamilan ke tenaga kesehatan walaupun terdapat seorang ibu yang memeriksakan kehamilan ke dukun bayi. Akses ke tempat pelayanan kesehatan baik di bidan desa, puskesmas, dan rumah sakit semuanya terjangkau. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS IN MATERNAL DEATHS AT DR. ABDOER RAHEM REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL SITUBONDO DISTRICTHigh maternal mortality (MMR) is still a priority health problem in Indonesia. Various efforts have been made to reduce MMR, but up to now MMR is still high, that is 305/100,000 live birth. The decline in maternal mortality still has many challenges. Improved maternal and child health programs (MCH) one of them by preventing the occurrence of maternal deaths. This study aims to determine the socio-cultural aspects of family and society about maternal mortality in the dr. Abdoer Raheem Situbondo Regional General Hospital. Type of qualitative research with retrospective design in case of mother who died in hospital. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants consisting of families from January to July 2013. The analysis showed that there were 6 deaths in hospital during January to July 2013. There were still young marriages, educated from not graduating from elementary to high school. Public confidence still hides the pregnancy until the first 3 months. Most of them still check pregnancy to health workers even though there is one mother who checks to the traditional birth attendance. Access to health care in village midwives, public health centers and hospitals is all affordable.
Efek Konsumsi Suplemen Kalsium dan Magnesium terhadap Dismenore Primer dan Sindrom Premenstruasi pada Perempuan Usia 19–23 Tahun Fen Tih Fen Tih; Cherry Azaria; Julia Windi Gunadi; Rizna Tyrani Rumanti; Alfred Tri Susanto; Alissa Amelia Santoso; Firsty Tasya Evitasari
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 5, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (164.515 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v5i3.2161

Abstract

Dismenore merupakan gangguan menstruasi dengan prevalensi terbesar diikuti gejala sindrom premenstruasi yang mencakup gejala fisik dan psikologis. Asupan mikronutrien kalsium dan magnesium dapat membantu mengatasi keluhan ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi suplemen kalsium dan magnesium terhadap dismenore dan gejala sindrom premenstrual pada perempuan berusia 19–23 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental kuasi dengan rancangan pretes dan postes. Penelitian dilakukan di Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung pada bulan Juli–Desember 2016. Subjek penelitian adalah 60 orang perempuan berusia 19–23 tahun, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak untuk pemberian bahan uji kalsium (1.000 mg/hari) atau magnesium (250 mg/hari) yang diberikan mulai hari kedua menstruasi sampai siklus menstruasi yang berikutnya. Kadar kalsium atau magnesium serum diukur dengan metode spektrofotometri. Dismenore diukur dengan skala nyeri visual analog scale (VAS), sedangkan skor sindrom premenstrual diukur dengan shortened premenstrual assessment form sebelum dan sesudah pemberian bahan uji. Konsumsi kalsium menurunkan skor skala VAS rata-rata pada dismenore dari 6,97 menjadi 3,80 (p=0,000) dan skor total gejala sindrom premenstrual rata-rata dari 15,07 menjadi 10,80 (p=0,000). Konsumsi magnesium mengurangi skor skala VAS rata-rata pada dismenore dari 7 menjadi 4 (p=0,000) dan skor total gejala sindrom premenstrual rata-rata dari 12,27 menjadi 9,87 (p=0,001). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah konsumsi suplemen kalsium atau magnesium mengurangi keluhan dismenore dan gejala sindrom premenstrual pada perempuan usia 19–23 tahun.EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTS ON PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA AND PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME IN 19–23 YEARS OLD WOMENDysmenorrhea is a menstrual disorder with the greatest prevalence followed by premenstrual syndrome that includes physical and psychological symptoms. Micronutrients intake of calcium and magnesium can help overcome these complaints. This research was conducted to find out the effect of calcium and magnesium supplements consumption on dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome symptoms in 19–23 years old women. This was quasi experimental research with pre- and post-test design. The research was conducted in Maranatha Christian University Bandung from July to December 2016. The subjects of research were 60 women aged 19–23 years old, divided into two groups randomly. One group given calcium (1,000 mg/day) or magnesium (250 mg/day), which was given at the second day of menstruation until the next menstrual cycle. Serum levels of calcium or magnesium were measured with spectrophotometry method. Dysmenorrhea was measured with visual analog scale (VAS), whereas score of premenstrual syndrome was measured with shortened premenstrual assessment form, before and after treatment. The consumption of calcium lowers the VAS score average on dysmenorrhea from 6.97 to 3.80 (p=0.000) and the mean score of premenstrual syndrome from 15.07 to 10.80 (p=0.000). Consumption of magnesium reduces the VAS score average on dysmenorrhea from 7 to 4 (p=0.000) and the mean score of premenstrual syndrome from 12.27 to 9.87 (p=0.001). In conclusion, consumption of calcium or magnesium supplements reduce dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome in women aged 19–23 years old.
Validation of Patient Perception Instruments for Junior Doctor Performance: a Factor Analysis Kusmiati, Mia; Bahari, Rafidah; Hamid, Noor Aini Abdul; Sanip, Suhaila; Emilia, Ova
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1092.57 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v7i1.4611

Abstract

The patient is an essential stakeholder within the medical healthcare system and an important stakeholder of the medical education program. The patients should be able to assess the performance of junior doctors in general practitioner residency to ensure their competency. Some instruments of patient assessment are available, but they do not adapt to local needs and context. This study aims to validate newly developed evaluation instruments from the patient’s perspective against the performance of a junior doctor in a teaching hospital. Fifty patients from outpatient clinics of internal medicine of two teaching hospital Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Bandung were selected to fill out the questionnaire in September–October 2018. The tool consists of 20 items and used a 4-point Likert scale of strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree. The SPSS version 21 have used to extract the data as the principal axis factoring of analysis. Oblimin rotation method was applied with Kaiser normalization to simplify and describe the data structure. The detailed analysis identified five factors based on the initial eigenvalue >1. Patient perception instruments of junior doctor performance (PIJDP) showed that five constructs extracted explained 81.27% of the variance of them. Constructs were namely: humanism, responsibility-accountability, communication-empathy, altruism, and pleasant manner. Construct validity achieved after the PIJDP run fifteen times, and consistency internal with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95. In conclusions, the PIJDP could be used to assess the performance of junior doctors and could make a novel contribution to the development of medical education. VALIDASI INSTRUMEN PERSEPSI PASIEN TERHADAP KINERJA DOKTER MUDA: SEBUAH ANALISIS FAKTORPasien merupakan stakeholder kunci dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan dan stakeholder penting dalam program pendidikan kedokteran. Pasien dapat menilai kinerja dokter muda dalam pemagangan umum untuk memastikan kompetensi mereka. Beberapa instrumen penilaian pasien sudah dibuat, namun mereka tidak diadaptasi terhadap kebutuhan dan konteks lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan memvalidasi instrumen evaluasi yang baru dikembangkan menurut perspektif pasien terhadap kinerja dokter muda di rumah sakit pendidikan. Lima puluh pasien dari klinik rawat jalan penyakit dalam dua rumah sakit pendidikan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung dipilih untuk mengisi kuesioner pada September–Oktober 2018. Kuesioner berisi 20 item yang menggunakan Skala Likert empat poin dari sangat tidak setuju, tidak setuju, setuju, dan sangat setuju. SPSS versi 21 digunakan untuk menganalisis data melalui principal axis factoring. Metode rotasi oblimin dengan normalisasi Kaiser diaplikasikan untuk menyederhanakan dan menjelaskan struktur data. Hasil analisis mengidentifikasi lima faktor berdasar atas eigenvalue awal >1. Instrument persepsi pasien terhadap kinerja dokter muda (PIJDP) menggambarkan 5 construct yang diekstraksi sebesar 81,27% dari varian indikator dapat dijelaskan oleh faktor yang terbentuk. Faktor tersebut adalah humanisme, tanggung jawab-akuntabilitas, komunikasi-empati, altruisme, dan sifat menyenangkan. Kesahihan construct dicapai setelah PIJDP diulang lima belas kali dan konsistensi internal dengan Cronbach’s alpha sebesar 0,95. Simpulan, PIJDP dapat digunakan untuk menilai kinerja dokter muda dan dapat memberi kontribusi baru dalam pengembangan pendidikan kedokteran.
Kegagalan Terapi Infeksi HIV/AIDS dan Resistensi Antiretroviral Rachmat Sumantri
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1076.384 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v1i1.1513

Abstract

Kegagalan pengobatan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ditandai dengan kegagalan virologis, kegagalan imunologis, dan memburuknya keadaan klinis penderita. Kegagalan virologis mendahului kegagalan lainnya dan ditandai dengan viral load yang tidak menurun setelah 48 minggu pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV). Kegagalan imunologis ditandai dengan CD4 yang menurun. Faktor yang berperan dalam kegagalan terapi ARV adalah kepatuhan, efek samping obat yang menyebabkan penghentian obat, absorbsi buruk, dosis suboptimal, serta resistensi virus. Virus HIV akan bermutasi dengan jenis mutasi yang khas untuk setiap jenis obat ARV. Pemeriksaan resistensi ARV terdiri dari dua cara, genotip dan fenotip. Pemeriksaan genotip adalah pemeriksaan terhadap mutasi, sedangkan pemeriksaan fenotip adalah pemeriksaan in vitro untuk melihat langsung suseptibilitas ARV. Mutasi virus untuk tiap obat berbeda, ditandai dengan penggantian asam amino pada suatu kodon. Misalnya untuk lamivudin bila terdapat mutasi M184V, artinya metionin pada kodon 184 diganti dengan valin. Pemeriksaan mutasi virus perlu dilakukan jika diduga terjadi virologic failure akibat resistensi ARV, obat ARV yang diberikan harus segera diganti. TREATMENT FAILURE IN HIV INFECTION/AIDS AND ANTI RETROVIRAL RESISTANCETreatment failure in HIV patient is usually marked by virological failure, immunological failure, and clinical deterioration of the patient. Virological failure preceded other failures and characterized by no decrease in viral load after 48 weeks of antiretroviral treatment. Immunological failure is characterized by  CD4 decreased. Factors contributed to the failure of ARV treatment are adherence to treatment, side effects of drugs that cause drug withdrawal, poor absorption, suboptimal dosage, as well as virus resistance. It is known that virus mutation is typical for every type of antiretroviral. HIV will mutate according to the type of mutation which is typical for each type of ARV drugs. ARV resistance examination consists of two methods, genotype and phenotype. Genotype detection is the examination to detect mutation, whereas phenotype detection is the direct examination of in vitro susceptibility to anti retroviral drugs. Mutation of the virus from each drug is different, characterized by amino acid replacement at a codon. For example, when lamivudine M184V mutation is found, methionine at codon 184 is replaced by valine. Examination of viral mutation should be done if virological  failure is suspected to cause ARV resistance and the suspected drug should immediately be replaced.
Obesity as Risk Factor of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women of Reproductive Age Hanifah Ardiani; Soeharyo Hadisaputro; Djoko Trihadi Lukmono; Heri Nugroho; Antono Suryoputro
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 6, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1839.548 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v6i2.2708

Abstract

Women of childbearing age with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more at risk of having pregnancy complication (in both the mother and the baby) at twice the risk for sexual dysfunction and three times more likely to die than women of childbearing age without DM. The purpose of this study was to prove obesity as the risk factor of type 2 DM in women of childbearing age. The study design was a case-control and a qualitative analysis using the in-depth interview. This study conducted in Internal Medicine Polyclinic and Eye Polyclinic in Regional General Hospital Madiun, June–July 2017. The population in this study was women of childbearing age 20–49 years old and married who check blood sugar in Regional General Hospital Madiun. The samples of this study were 54 cases and 54 controls using consecutive sampling. Data analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. The results showed that obese women of childbearing age had risk 2.63 times greater for type 2 DM than non-obese (p=0.016, 95% CI=1.06–6.53). In conclusion, obesity was a risk factor of type 2 DM in the women of reproductive age. OBESITAS SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 PADA WANITA USIA SUBURWanita usia subur (WUS) dengan diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 lebih berisiko mengalami komplikasi kehamilan (baik pada ibu maupun bayinya), berisiko 2 kali lebih besar untuk menderita gangguan fungsi seksual, dan 3 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami kematian dibanding dengan WUS tanpa DM. Tujuan penelitian ini membuktikan obesitas sebagai faktor risiko DM tipe 2 pada WUS. Desain studi dalam penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol yang diperdalam dengan analisis kualitatif menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di poliklinik penyakit dalam dan poliklinik mata RSUD Kota Madiun Juni–Juli 2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah WUS berusia 20–49 tahun dan sudah menikah yang diperiksa gula darah di RSUD Kota Madiun. Sebanyak 54 kasus dan 54 kontrol dipilih menggunakan consecutive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa WUS yang obesitas memiliki risiko 2,63 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami DM tipe 2 dibanding dengan yang tidak obesitas (p=0,016; 95% IK=1,06−6,53). Simpulan, obesitas merupakan faktor risiko DM tipe 2 pada WUS.
Kadar Calprotectin pada Bayi Kurang Bulan dan Respiratory Distress Syndrome Ali Usman; Abdurachman Sukadi; Johanes Cornelius Mose
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 1, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1819.23 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v1i2.1522

Abstract

Calprotectin merupakan peptida antimikrob yang disimpan dalam leukosit sebagai molekul efektor dari respons imun innate. Terdapat infeksi intrauterin/intraamnion berhubungan dengan peningkatan calprotectin, defensin, dan bacterial permeability increasing protein (BPI) secara bermakna di dalam cairan amnion pada persalinan kurang bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar calprotectin pada bayi kurang bulan yang menderita dan tidak menderita respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Penelitian observasional analitik dilakukan selama periode Maret 2010–Maret 2012 di RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin, RS Advent, RS Al Islam, RS Khusus Ibu dan Anak Kota Bandung, dan RS Ibu Anak Hermina Pasteur, diperoleh sampel sebanyak 60 bayi kurang bulan yang menderita dan tidak menderita RDS masing-masing sejumlah 30 orang. Cairan amnion diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar calprotectin. Diagnosis RDS dibuat berdasarkan pemeriksaan fisis, skor Downe, dan foto toraks. Didapatkan nilai median kadar calprotectin pada kelompok bayi kurang bulan yang menderita RDS 3.302,6 sedangkan pada kelompok bayi yang tidak menderita RDS 7.908,85. Pada uji Mann-Whitney diperoleh Zm-w=3,063 (p=0,002). Cut-off point (COP) calprotectin >3.395,6 didapatkan jumlah RDS (+) 17 dan RDS (-) 4, sedangkan pada COP calprotectin >3.395,6 jumlah RDS (+) 13 dan RDS (-) 26. Dapat disimpulkan, kadar calprotectin pada bayi yang menderita RDS berbeda dibandingkan dengan kadar calprotectin pada bayi yang tidak menderita RDS. Kadar calprotectin dapat memprediksi kejadian RDS dengan sensitivitas 56,7%; spesifisitas 86,7%; dan akurasi 71,7%. CALPROTECTIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PRETERM NEONATES  AND RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROMECalprotectin is antimicrobial peptides stored in leucocytes, that acts as effector molecules of the innate immune response. Intrauterine or intraamniotic infection was associated with a significant increase in amniotic fluid concentration of calprotectin, defencin and bacterial permeability increasing protein (BPI). The study aims to explore calprotectin concentrations at preterm neonates with and without respiratory distress syndrome. An observational analytic study was performed during March 2010-March 2012 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin, Advent, Al Islam, Bandung Mother and Child and Hermina Pasteur Hospitals. Subjects were 60 preterm neonates who divided in two groups, 30 neonates with and 30 neonates without RDS. Sixty samples of amniotic fluid were collected to examine calprotectin concentration. The diagnoses of RDS were made based on physical examination, Downe score and chest X-rays. Median value of calprotectin concentrations from preterm neonates with RDS were 3,302.6 and neonates without RDS were 7,908.85, with Mann-Whitney test Zm-w=3.063 (p=0.002). Cut off point (COP) of calprotectin 3,395.6 in RDS (+) were 17 and in RDS (-) were 4. Calprotectin in RDS COP >3,395.6 (+) were 13 and RDS (-) were 26. In conclusion, the concentration of calprotectin at RDS (+) is very low and significantly different with the one  at RDS (-). The concentration of calprotectin can be used to predict the incidence of RDS with sensitivity 56.7%, specificity 86.7% and accuracy 71.7%.