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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 78 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 1 (2025)" : 78 Documents clear
Phytochemicals Composition and Anti-bacterial Activity of Methanol Leaves Extract of Vernonia amygdalina Galadima, Abdulganiyu Mohammed; Chidimma, Amaechi Jessica; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Ibrahim, Shehu; Said, Said Sani
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.519-527

Abstract

Bacterial infections have been a major health challenge associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Plants and their metabolite constituents are important in local therapies and drug synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and anti-bacterial activity of the methanol leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina. Phytochemicals in the extract were estimated using standard analytical methods. The antibacterial activity test of the plant extract was carried out using the agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the tube dilution method and sub-culturing technique, respectively. The extract contains significant amount of alkaloids (47.44 %), flavonoids (16.60 %), tannins (4.35 %), saponins (12.28 %), steroids (0.86%), and glycosides (0.18%). The extract exhibited significant (p < 0.005) inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolates with MIC and MBC values of 12.45 and 25.51 mg/mL, 22.03 and 44.84 mg/mL, and 31.64 and 63.95 mg/mL, respectively. The methanol leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina demonstrated an inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolates with low minimum inhibitory concentration values.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Rytigynia nigerica (S. Moore) Robyns Roots Extracts Odeja, Oluwakayode Olubunmi; Ibok, Michael Gabriel; Okpala, Ejike O.; Afolabi-Owolabi, Oluwafunke Toyin; Oluwafemi, Kola Augustus; Adja, Emmanuel; Nosiru, Idris Abayomi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.481-487

Abstract

Rytigynia nigerica (Rubiaceae), a medicinal herb native to West Africa, is known for its antimalarial and anticancer properties and is traditionally used to treat various ailments. However, the biological activities of R. nigerica have not yet been fully studied. However, this study was designed to extract, analyse, and evaluate the antioxidant potential and phytochemical screening in the root extracts of R. nigerica. The roots were obtained from the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan and authenticated. The air-dried and pulverised root samples were extracted with methanol using the Maceration method and then partitioned into n-hexane and ethyl acetate using the liquid-liquid extraction method. The phytochemical screening was evaluated using the standard method, while antioxidant activity was investigated viz 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assays. The phytochemical screening analysis revealed the presence of saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, reducing sugars, alkaloids and resins in the root extract. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was significant when compared to reference standards. The percentage inhibition of the antioxidant extracts and reference standard are as follows: n-hexane extract (58.50 -45.08%), ethyl acetate extract (90.62-67.82%), Methanol extract (70.81-52.97%), Vitamin C (95.66-91.63%) and butyl hydroxyanisole (94.76-90.96%). The antioxidant inhibition of the free radical was concentration-dependent. The results obtained in this study indicate that R. nigerica root extracts exhibit antioxidant properties, suggesting potential pharmaceutical applications.
Assessment of Escherichia coli Contamination in Drinking Water from Refill Depots Savitri, Lisa; Kholis, Muhammad Akbar Nur; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Amanda, Cornelia; Mebung, Konradus Klala
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.443-446

Abstract

Refill Drinking Water Depots (DAMIU) have become a popular source of drinking water in Indonesia due to their affordability and accessibility. However, concerns about hygiene and microbial contamination persist, particularly in areas with limited health oversight. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of refilled drinking water in Kediri City by detecting the presence of Escherichia coli as an indicator of fecal contamination. A descriptive, cross-sectional design involving 22 depots selected based on hygiene criteria was employed. Microbiological analysis used the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, with confirmatory tests including IMViC and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) media. The results showed that 20 of 22 depots met the microbiological safety standard of 0 CFU/100 mL for E. coli as set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health and national standards (SNI 3554:2015). Two samples (5 and 7) tested positive for E. coli, likely due to environmental contamination, inadequate sanitation, and poor water handling practices. The positive samples demonstrated typical E. coli characteristics in IMViC (++-+) and gas formation in BGLB media. This study underscores the importance of routine surveillance, public health regulation enforcement, and improved hygiene practices in refilled water depots. Ensuring the microbiological safety of refilled drinking water is essential to prevent waterborne diseases such as diarrhea. The findings call for enhanced collaboration between local health offices and depot operators to maintain clean and safe drinking water standards across communities.
Demographic Characteristics of Fruit Sellers and Chemical Preservation Practices in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria Yahaya, Tajudeen; Faruk, Mohammed Umar; Abdulazzez, Abdulmalik
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.401-407

Abstract

Fruits in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, are often preserved using chemicals to extend their shelf life, maintain freshness, and enhance quality and taste. However, global concerns persist about the safety of these preservatives, particularly when applied indiscriminately. This study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics of fruit sellers in Birnin Kebbi and the preservatives they commonly use. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 participants who provided informed consent. The results showed that 116 (58%) of the respondents were male, while 84 (42%) were female. Most participants (38%) were aged 18–25 years (76 individuals), followed by those aged 26–35 years (60 individuals, 30%). A significant proportion of participants (82; 41%) had no formal education, while 48 (24%) had primary education. The majority of participants (120; 60%) belonged to the Hausa ethnic group, and 156 individuals (78%) identified as Muslims. Marital status was evenly distributed, with 84 participants (42%) being single and 80 (40%) married. Regarding fruit preservation practices, watermelon was the most frequently preserved fruit, cited by 50 participants (25%), followed by oranges (42; 21%) and bananas (22; 11%). Among chemical preservatives, sulfite was the most commonly used, reported by 84 (42%) participants, followed by citric acid (36; 18%), sodium benzoate (28; 14%), calcium chloride (24; 12%), benzoic acid (18; 9%), and ethanol (10; 5%). Alarmingly, 95% of participants demonstrated inadequate knowledge of proper preservative application methods, raising concerns about potential health risks for consumers. These findings suggest that fruit preservation practices in Birnin Kebbi may expose consumers to health hazards. It is imperative to educate fruit sellers and consumers on the safe use of chemical preservatives, including appropriate concentrations and application techniques, to mitigate these risks and promote safer fruit consumption.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Croton zambesicus Root Extract: In Vivo Inhibitory Effect on Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase of Rats Okokon, Jude Efiom; Edem, Utibe Anietie; OSIGWE, Chinyelu Clementina; Uwaeme, Ugonma Florence
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.529-533

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge, necessitating the need for alternative treatments. Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) a medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of some ailments was investigated for its inhibitory potential on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes in rats. The root extract of C. zambesicus (27 - 81 mg/kg) was investigated in vivo for the inhibitory effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes using starch, sucrose, and maltose as substrates. Acarbose was used as a reference drug. Blood glucose levels (BGL) of rats, post administration of the substrate and extract concurrently, were monitored over 3 hours as a parameter to measure the inhibitory potential of the extract. The root extract dose-dependently caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels of treated rats with the various substrates used. The results suggest that the root extract of Croton zambesicus has the potentials to inhibit alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase in rats.
Diversity of Anatomical Morphological Characters of Leaves of Mangrove Plant Types In Panimbang Banten Nabilah, Amanda; Suyamto, Suyamto; Mu’jijah, Mu’jijah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.489-498

Abstract

Mangroves are plants that produce seeds (spermatophyta), mangroves also have many benefits, namely as an economic or ecological function. Mangrove plants have different types of leaf shapes. Leaves have the task of absorbing nutrients and gases, as well as processing food through the process of photosynthesis. This study aims to determine the differences in leaf shape based on morphological and anatomical characters. The method used is exploration and preparation of preserved preparations. The samples used were some mangrove leaves found in Panimbang District. The stages of the research are starting with taking the third leaf sample, observing the morphological characters of the leaves, taking samples. Parameters used to observe morphological characters were leaf shape, base shape, leaf tip, leaf length, width and length of petiole. Anatomical character of shape and number of stomata, shape and length of palidase.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Chinese Betel (Peperomia pellucida L.) Extract on the Spleen Histopathology in a Murine Model of Gastroenteritis Savitri, Lisa; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Meri, Meri; Mebung, Konradus Klala; Amanda, Cornelia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.447-452

Abstract

Gastroenteritis, a prevalent digestive disorder caused by various pathogens including Escherichia coli, remains a global health challenge with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-income countries. The spleen, as a critical immune organ, is often compromised during systemic infections. Peperomia pellucida (L.) , a traditional medicinal herb, is known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the histopathological effects of P. pellucida leaf ethanol extract on spleen tissue in mice induced with E. coli to model bacterial gastroenteritis. Thirty male Swiss mice were divided into six groups (n=5): normal control, negative control (aquades), positive control (Yakult), and three treatment groups receiving P. pellucida extract at 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg BW. After seven days of pretreatment, mice were orally infected with E. coli (1×10⁶ CFU/mL) for another seven days. Spleen tissues were harvested, fixed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological evaluation focusing on degeneration, necrosis, and PMN infiltration. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by LSD tests. The highest dose of P. pellucida extract (500 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced spleen tissue damage, showing decreased degeneration (9.08%), necrosis (6.05%), and PMN infiltration (18.45%) compared to lower doses. The effect was comparable to the positive control. The ethanol extract of P. pellucida demonstrates a dose-dependent protective effect on spleen histopathology in E. coli-induced gastroenteritis in mice, supporting its potential as a natural antiseptic agent.
4-Hydroxyisoleucine as a Natural DPP-4 Inhibitor for Diabetes Thalib, Amir; Damayanti, Irma Putri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.409-415

Abstract

Research on 4-hydroxyisoleucine, a natural compound found in several plant sources, shows potential as an antidiabetic agent through inhibiting the DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) enzyme. This study evaluates the pharmacokinetic potential and toxicity profile of 4-hydroxyisoleucine as a therapeutic agent. ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) analysis indicates that this compound has good gastrointestinal absorption, moderate water solubility, and limited penetration across the blood-brain barrier, which reduces the risk of central nervous system side effects. The toxicity profile of 4-hydroxyisoleucine reveals low hepatotoxicity, with no indications of mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. The LD50 value greater than 2000 mg/kg places this compound in Toxicity Class 5, indicating low toxicity. Based on in silico evaluation results, 4-hydroxyisoleucine has potential as an effective natural DPP-4 inhibitor, with stable binding mechanisms, even though its binding affinity is lower than  synthetic inhibitors. With favorable pharmacokinetic properties and a beneficial safety profile, 4-hydroxyisoleucine has the potential to be developed as a natural therapeutic agent for diabetes management.
Histopathological Evaluation of Stomach Protection by Peperomia pellucida L. in Mice with Gastroenteritis Savitri, Lisa; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Juwita, Syntia Tanu; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Mebung, Konradus Klala; Amanda, Cornelia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.535-540

Abstract

Gastroenteritis, a widespread condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines, poses significant health challenges globally. Conventional treatments primarily focus on symptomatic relief and do not address the underlying gastric mucosal damage. Peperomia pellucida L., a medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been suggested to possess gastroprotective effects. This study aims to evaluate the histopathological effects of P. pellucida L. on gastric protection in a mouse gastroenteritis model. Male Swiss mice were divided into six groups, receiving different treatments, including the ethanol extract of P. pellucida at varying doses (100, 300, and 500 mg/kgBW), followed by induction of gastroenteritis with Escherichia coli. Histopathological analysis was conducted to observe tissue damage across the treatment groups, including necrosis and cell degeneration. The results revealed that P. pellucida L. exhibited significant gastroprotective effects, particularly at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW, reducing gastric mucosal necrosis and inflammation compared to the control groups. The plant’s secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, contributed to the observed protective effects by enhancing mucus production, reducing gastric acidity, and promoting tissue repair. These findings suggest that P. pellucida L. could be an alternative treatment for gastroenteritis and related gastric conditions, offering a natural approach to managing gastric inflammation and mucosal protection.
In silico Toxicity Prediction of Ethanol Extract of Cola rostrata (K. Schum.) Epicarp Ajayi, Babatunde Ebenezer; Aina, Oluwafemi Segun; Odunlade, Albert Kolawole; Minari, Bamidele Joseph
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.369-379

Abstract

Abstract. The ethanol extract of the epicarp of Cola rostrata fruit has been reported to possess notable pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects; however, its toxicological profile remains understudied. This study evaluated the metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy-identified phytochemicals from C. rostrata epicarp. In silico analysis and molecular docking of components of the extract were carried out using ADMETlab2.0 platform and Autodock4 tools. Visualization of molecular binding interactions was done using Discovery Studio-2020. Ten of the 48 compounds in the extract, including 1-(4-Methoxyphenylazo)-2-phenoxynaphthalene, Anthiaergostan-5,7,9-trien-14.alpha.,15.alpha.-diol and 2-Hydroxychalcone, were predicted to have high probability of inducing liver injury, oxidative stress and inhibiting cytochrome-P450 enzymes. Molecular docking revealed that 1-(4-Methoxyphenylazo)-2-phenoxynaphthalene binds strongly to NADH dehydrogenase 1 (-7.78 kcal/mol) and CYP2C19 (-9.93 kcal/mol), with the compound interacting with Thr301, Leu361 and Leu366 at the active site of CYP2C19. 2-Hydroxychalcone binds strongly to CYP2C19 (-8.07 kcal/mol) and to Na+/K+-ATPase (-7.49 kcal/mol), while, Anthiaergostan-5,7,9-trien-14.alpha.,15.alpha.-diol binds strongly to CYP2C19 (-9.56 kcal/mol) and CYP1A2 (-8.71 kcal/mol). The extract showed strong potential to induce toxic outcomes. The abundance of antioxidant phytosterols in the extract may counterbalance the potential toxicity. While C. rostrata holds therapeutic potential, molecular interactions of its phytochemicals highlight risks of toxicity.

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