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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 24430110     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
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Articles 130 Documents
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Awal Kehadiran Peradaban Islam di Indonesia: Eksplorasi Arkeologis Situs Bongal di Tapanuli Tengah Amelia, Pidia; Azhari, Ichwan; Sari, Ika Purnama
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 1 (2025): Sejarah Sosial, Praktik Budaya, dan Dinamika Kekuasaan
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i1.58267

Abstract

The Bongal site in Central Tapanuli preserves important archaeological evidence of early interactions between the Indonesian Archipelago and the Islamic world during the 7th–10th centuries CE. Excavations at the site have yielded a range of early Islamic artifacts, including glass beads associated with Fustat and Nishapur, Umayyad and Abbasid coins, rings bearing Arabic inscriptions, bronze perfume containers, glazed earthenware and glassware from West Asia, as well as medical and chemical instruments. This study aims to reconstruct the earliest presence of Islamic civilization in Indonesia by examining the role of Bongal as a port within the Indian Ocean trade network. The research employs a literature review, comparative analysis with archaeological findings from West Asia and Southeast Asia, and direct observation of collections housed at the Museum of the History of the Qur’an of North Sumatra. The results indicate that Bongal functioned not only as a distribution center for aromatic commodities such as camphor and benzoin, but also as a conduit for the transmission of technology, religious symbols, and Islamic material culture. These findings support the conclusion that the early Islamization of Indonesia occurred primarily through peaceful commercial interactions, positioning Bongal as one of the earliest gateways of Islamic civilization in the archipelago.
Ruang dan Aktivitas Pelesiran Ala Eropa: Pembentukan Komunitas Urban di Kota Malang 1914-1942 Salsabila, Gina; Samidi, Samidi
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Sejarah Sosial-Budaya, Identitas, dan Resistensi
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i2.44275

Abstract

The autonomous status of Malang City, established at the beginning of the twentieth century, brought significant changes to urban space and community life. These spatial changes are evident in the emergence of leisure spaces designed to accommodate a European lifestyle. The development of various forms of entertainment, supported by related facilities, represented an effort to serve the needs of the elite classes who migrated to Malang in large numbers. As a result, entertainment venues and leisure spaces fostered new forms of European-style leisure activities.This paper examines the formation of leisure spaces as representations of social class in Malang City, the relationship between leisure spaces and European communities, and the transformation of urban society in connection with leisure practices. The study employs historical methods and relies on primary sources drawn from contemporary newspapers. Publications such as Indische Courant, Java Bode, De Locomotief, and Soerabaijasch Handelsblad functioned not only as historical records but also as media for promoting leisure spaces. Using leisure class theory, this study analyzes the socio-cultural practices that took place within leisure spaces and contributed to the shaping of urban areas during the Dutch East Indies period. Dutch colonial power, as reflected in leisure and entertainment spaces, underwent significant changes following the collapse of colonial rule and its replacement by Japanese occupation. Nevertheless, Dutch colonial influence continued to shape the character of Malang. The social and urban transformations that occurred in the city reflected the growth of consumerism and entertainment culture. Ultimately, the emergence of entertainment venues in Malang became a symbol of colonialism, marked by distinctive patterns of inclusivity and exclusivity.
Kewirausahaan Pribumi dan Kegagalan Suksesi: Pelajaran dari Perusahaan Rokok Keluarga Nitisemito di Kudus Soeharso, R.
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 1 (2025): Sejarah Sosial, Praktik Budaya, dan Dinamika Kekuasaan
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i1.73489

Abstract

Nitisemito was one of the indigenous entrepreneurs who successfully established a modern kretek cigarette industry in Kudus during the colonial era. Through the adoption of modern machinery technology, innovative marketing strategies, and large-scale labor management, the Cap Bal Tiga cigarette company grew into a giant in the cigarette industry of its time. Due to this company, Nitisemito's name has been enshrined as a symbol of indigenous entrepreneurship in the early 20th century. Nitisemito's success in managing his family cigarette industry demonstrates the potential emergence of an indigenous bourgeoisie amid a colonial economic structure that tended to hinder the growth of local entrepreneurs. However, the sustainability of this business experienced a decline in subsequent periods. This study aims to examine the process of the emergence of Nitisemito's business empire while explaining the factors underlying its collapse after the founder's death in 1953. This research employs historical methods, encompassing heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Historical data were obtained from archives, written sources, and interviews with Nitisemito's heirs. The results of this study indicate that the company's decline was not solely caused by changes in post-colonial economic conditions but also by internal family issues. These internal conflicts primarily related to leadership succession problems, the absence of an institutionalized management system, and tensions in relations among core family members and the extended family. This situation was further complicated by colonial political pressures on indigenous entrepreneurs and the lack of structural support for the sustainability of the Nitisemito family cigarette industry. The collapse of Nitisemito's business exemplifies the failure to form an indigenous bourgeoisie in Indonesian economic history.
Praktik Keagamaan Budak Kristen di Batavia Abad XVII dan XVIII Laksono, Leonard Bayu
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 1 (2025): Sejarah Sosial, Praktik Budaya, dan Dinamika Kekuasaan
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i1.54300

Abstract

Slaves have been part of the social structure of 17th-century Batavia since its inception. The multi-ethnic and multi-religious slaves, who encountered Christian Europeans, shaped social life, particularly the religious aspects. This study aims to demonstrate the spiritual practices (Christian) imposed on slaves in 17th- and 18th-century Batavia. This study applies historical research methods using classical sources from the Protestant Church (Gereformeerde Kerk) in the books De Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland and De Protestantsche Kerk in Nederlandsch-Indië. The results of this study show that slaves owned by Christians continued to fulfill their status and function as economic pillars of Batavia's society. On the other hand, slaves also received equal rights in the implementation of their religious practices. Slaves in Batavia converted to Christianity and freedman due to the Calvinist teachings internalized by the Protestant Church during this period, which proclaimed the equality and freedom of slaves. The slaves who became the personal property of Christian masters were those who lived out their domestic duties and activities. Christian slaves were provided with Christian instruction and moral standards to receive complete spiritual care, including the Sacraments of Baptism and Holy Communion. Therefore, the phenomenon of slavery in Batavia was not only a socio-economic issue but also raised Christian ethical-moral issues.
Ideologi Anti-Barat dan Musik Ngak-Ngik-Ngok: Politik Kebudayaan dan Regulasi Musik Era Soekarno Arjaya, Derta; Nurullita, Hervina; Afiyanto, Hendra
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Sejarah Sosial-Budaya, Identitas, dan Resistensi
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i2.46768

Abstract

This study examines Soekarno’s perspective on Western influences during the 1950s–1960s and its impact on the development of music in Indonesia. The study addresses two main questions: first, how did Soekarno view the West during his presidency; and second, how did this view affect the trajectory of Indonesian music? Employing the historical method, the research integrates heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography to analyze primary and secondary sources. The findings reveal that Soekarno perceived the West as a political and cultural threat, frequently labeling it as “Nekolim” (neo-colonialism and imperialism). He viewed Western music not merely as a foreign art form but as a vehicle of cultural domination that undermined the revolutionary ideals and national identity of Indonesia. As a result, Western-influenced music was subject to prohibition, exemplified by the banning of the ngak-ngik-ngok music, which was considered detrimental to Indonesian cultural values. Soekarno promoted policies aimed at fostering music that aligned with nationalist and revolutionary principles, thereby restricting the development and performance of Western styles within the country. This study concludes that Soekarno’s ideological stance significantly shaped the evolution of Indonesian music during his era. By enforcing cultural policies rooted in nationalism, he directly influenced which musical forms could flourish, emphasizing the creation and preservation of a distinctly Indonesian musical identity 
Dekolonialisasi Sistem Kesehatan Nasional Indonesia, 1945-1960 Uddin, Baha
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Sejarah Sosial-Budaya, Identitas, dan Resistensi
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i2.79592

Abstract

This article is motivated by the limited research examining the transformation of the Indonesian medical profession, especially in the early days of Indonesian independence. This is very important because the position of Indonesian doctors during that period was very important both nationally and in the development of the national health system. Therefore, the issue raised in this study is the dynamics of decolonisation of Indonesia's quality and national health system in the early days of independence. This study aims to contribute to the historical study of the decolonisation of the national health system in Indonesian historiography. The method employed is the historical method, which involves several stages of research, including heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. At the beginning of independence, there was a need in the health sector to form a new identity as an independent nation. Therefore, decolonisation was carried out, covering institutions, educational institutions, the medical profession association, and the health system. This process was hampered during the independence revolution and only began in the 1950s. Indonesian doctors played a central role in this decolonisation process. They were able to transform the discriminatory, racist, and coercive colonial health system into a holistic national health system focused on improving the quality of health for the Indonesian people.
Contesting Colonial Hegemony: Education, Authority, and Resistance in Gorontalo in the Early 20th Century Apriyanto, Joni; Rochwulaningsih, Yety; Sulistiyono, Singgih Tri; Rinardi, Haryono
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Sejarah Sosial-Budaya, Identitas, dan Resistensi
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i2.74730

Abstract

This study analyzes the dynamics of educational transformation from a traditional, religion-based system to modern colonial education in Gorontalo in the early twentieth century. The study focuses on the introduction of modern educational models by the Dutch East Indies colonial government and examines how these policies triggered resistance among local elites. Colonial educational transformation affected not only institutional structures but also generated epistemological conflicts, shifts in the authority of knowledge, and broader socio-cultural tensions within Gorontalo society. This study employs a historical method with a qualitative-analytical approach based on colonial archival sources and local materials. The findings show that colonial education was perceived as a hegemonic instrument aimed at producing indigenous bureaucratic elites loyal to colonial interests, while simultaneously threatening the continuity of religious authority, customary values, and the socio-political position of local elites. In this study, local elites primarily refer to religious elites, ulama, religious teachers, and Sufi order leaders, as well as hybrid actors who combined religious authority with administrative roles. Resistance was not expressed through passive rejection but through organized cultural and institutional strategies. From the early twentieth century onward, particularly with the establishment of madrasahs and halaqah in Limboto and Kota Barat in 1923, religious elites pioneered alternative Islamic educational institutions that emphasized Qur’anic studies, Arabic grammar (nahwu–ṣarf), and Islamic history. These institutions were strengthened by broader Islamic intellectual networks linking Gorontalo with Minangkabau and Java. Colonial archival sources also indicate widespread refusal by religious families to enroll their children in government schools.
Biografi Kolektif Pemikir Jawa sebagai Pionir Psikologi Nusantara: Soemantri Hardjo Prakoso, Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, R.M.P. Sosrokartono, dan Mohammad Subuh Suci, Eunike Sri Tyas
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Sejarah Sosial-Budaya, Identitas, dan Resistensi
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i2.64241

Abstract

Psychology as it has been taught in Indonesia has largely followed Western frameworks, grounded in Western modes of thought considered modern, namely, the scientific study of individual mental processes. Scientific inquiry in this tradition relies on empirical and objective methods, allowing findings to be tested and replicated. Historically, however, the early development of psychology in Indonesia was more pragmatic, emerging primarily from psychometric training courses rather than from a systematic engagement with psychology as a scientific discipline in line with established epistemological standards. This historical trajectory raises a critical and reflective question: Is there a form of psychology, or ilmu jiwa, rooted in Eastern values within the archipelago? And what distinguishes it from Western psychology? These questions form the foundation of the author’s historical and academic exploration, with a particular focus on Javanese thought. Javanese perspectives were chosen as the primary focus due to the relative accessibility and availability of relevant literature. Accordingly, this study first examines what is termed Nusantara Psychology. Through a careful review and verification of sources, the author focuses on four Javanese thinkers: Soemantri Hardjo Prakoso, Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, Panji Sosrokartono, and Muhammad Subuh. These thinkers share a defining characteristic that sets their conceptualizations of the human psyche apart from Western psychology: the central role of spirituality in understanding human psychological life. The psychological frameworks developed by these Javanese thinkers are expected to contribute to the future development of Indigenous Psychology as well as Indonesian Psychology (Psikologi Indonesia). Further research is encouraged to explore non-Javanese thinkers and to conduct comparative analyses, in order to deepen understanding of the mental processes of Indonesian people.
Pemaknaan Gerakan Maskulin pada Ibing Pencug: Sebuah Telaah Historis Saepudin, Asep; Yulaeliah, Ela; Burhan, Mukhammad Agus
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Sejarah Sosial-Budaya, Identitas, dan Resistensi
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i2.76355

Abstract

This research has two objectives. First, it analyzes the meaning of pencug dance in relation to the artists’ history, social background, and cultural context. Second, it explores how functional art theory can be applied to study pencug performances. Pencug dance is an improvisational form performed in Karawang-style Jaipongan. It is unique because, although performed by female dancers, it exhibits a masculine character, unlike Bandung-style Jaipongan, which typically reflects feminine traits. The study employs a historical method combined with Erwin Panofsky’s iconographic-iconological approach, including field and library research (heuristics), criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research was conducted in Karawang, West Java, using the Namin Group as the sample. The findings show that Panofsky’s theory can analyze performing arts through three stages. First, the pre-iconographic description focuses on the textual aspects of pencug dance movements, highlighting the masculine style typical of Karawang performances. Second, iconographic analysis examines themes and concepts, revealing a populist theme and a focus on improvisation and spontaneity. Third, iconological interpretation considers the symbolic meaning of pencug dance, informed by the artists’ experiences and the historical and cultural background of the Karawang community. The study concludes that the masculine character of pencug dance originates from the self-defense practices of the Karawang jawara. Historically, these warriors developed agility, combat skills, and expertise in machetes, martial arts, and Pencak Silat to respond to disturbances during the royal, colonial, and post-independence periods. These self-defense techniques later transformed into pencug dance movements, such as kepret, tajong, gunting, pasang, pukul, tendang, siku, and tangkis, which became integral to Karawang-style Jaipongan. 
Politik Agraria Kolonial dan Perlawanan Sosial di Jawa Timur: Legenda Sarip Tambak Oso Muhdi, Muhdi; Rachmawati, Eva Nur
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Sejarah Sosial-Budaya, Identitas, dan Resistensi
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v10i2.76396

Abstract

This article examines colonial agrarian politics in Eastern Java following the enactment of the Agrarische Wet of 1870, focusing on the effects of land taxation policies on rural social inequality and on the interpretation of Sarip Tambak Oso’s actions as a form of popular social resistance to the colonial agrarian order. Employing the historical method within a historical, sociological approach, through heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiographical stages, the analysis is grounded in Ralph Linton’s role theory and James C. Scott’s theory of everyday resistance. The study advances three principal findings. First, post-1870 colonial agrarian policy in Java did not constitute a liberating form of agrarian liberalism; rather, it established a hierarchical and exploitative land-tenure regime through the doctrine of domein verklaring. Second, colonial land taxation functioned as a mechanism of power that reproduced rural social stratification, intensified economic inequality, and accelerated the proletarianization of smallholders. Third, within this structurally unequal agrarian context, Sarip Tambak Oso, popularly remembered as a “thief for the people”, can be understood as embodying a form of moral-economic social resistance that challenged colonial hegemony through symbolic and redistributive action. Sarip represents subaltern agency, underscoring that colonial conflict in Java was fundamentally rooted in struggles over land, taxation, and rural social justice. Theoretically, this article argues that colonial agrarian policy produced structural domination, while Sarip Tambak Oso’s resistance expands the analytical scope of everyday resistance and role theory as forms of subaltern political praxis.

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