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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Effect of pentagamavunon-O on rat kidneyâ€™s glutathione s-transferase in-vivo with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitro benzene as a substrate Rohman, Abdul; Martono, Sudibyo; A. Margono, Supardjan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 15 No 1, 2004
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a detoxifying enzyme which plays an important role in glutathione conjugation reaction with electrophilic xenobiotic on phase two metabolism. In this research, the effect of oral administration of PGV-0 on rat kidneyâ€™s GST activity was investigated.To represent GST activity isolated from rat kidney, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro benzen (CDNB) was used as a substrate on conjugation with glutathione (GSH) spectrophotometrically. The activity of rat kidneyâ€™s GSTs from untreated rat was used as control, Based on data, it can be concluded that PGV-0 showed an inhibitory effect on rat kidneyâ€™s GSTs. The optimum effect was obtained at 40 mg/kgBW with % inhibition value of 16,16.Key words : Pentagamavunon-0, Glutathione S-transferase, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro benzene

Influence of mechanical and thermal energy on rifampicin Sundani N. Soewandhi; Kosasih .; Rachmat Mauludin; Irvan Khaeruddin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 18 No 3, 2007
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The same raw material has opportunity to show different physical properties if it is produced by different industries. For such reason, rifampicin was chosen as a raw materials model, thats obtaining from five resource countries and were obtained from five different suppliers, each coded A, B, C, D and E. Each raw material was handled under tribomechanic and thermal treatment. Mechanical treatment was carried out by using grinding mill at 100 rpm for 30 minutes. Thermal treatment was carried out by oven at 105oC for 2 hours. Transformation occured, was identified by differential scanning calorymetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction and dissolution rate. The intrinsic dissolution rate was determined in 900 mL HCl 0,1N oxygen free, using basket and calculated through simultaneously determination method using uv spectrophotometry at λabs.maks. 475 nm. Thermograms of five milled raw material showed endothermic curve at 58oC without obviously melting curve.Thermogram of heated raw material did not show endothermic curve except its melting at 188oC-192oC. Crystallinity indices of the raw materials decreased from C, E, B, A to D. The milled raw materials were mixture of rifampicin II (2%) and amorphous (98%). A and D were mixture of rifampicin form II and fines (amorph). The other samples were only rifampicin form II. All of the raw materials showed different dissolution rates. Rifampicin B,C and D had sameness dissolution rate, whether milled or heated.Key words: Rifampicin II, rifampicin amorphous, DSC, powder X-ray diffraction, dissolution rate

Analysis of the resistance of M. tuberculosis to fluoroquinolon and the implementation of nuclear based biomolecular technique. Mukh Syaifudin; Dewi Septiani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 2, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a problem in community health with high rate of mortality. The case became much more complicated due to emerge of Mycobacterium tuberculosis which are resistant to the drugs. This caused the movement of attention from the first line drugs to fluoro-quinolon (FQ) as alternative drug. The aim of this research was to do analysis the mutation which causing the resistance of bacterial through nucleic acid alterations with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique. Analysis was done on gyrA and gyrB genes encoding DNA gyrase of bacterial and closely related to FQ resistance in 100 of sputa samples of positive BTA test results. DNA of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv was used as control. From analysis on gyrA gene it was known that 57 samples were positive PCR and no resistant sample was found. For gyrB gene, only 12 of them were positive PCR and again there was no samples had mutation as cause of resistance. These mean that FQ could be used as replacement drug. Molecular detection technique was known fast and specific for assessing bacterial resistance. Researcher proves that searching for P32-radioisotope labeled DNA alteration was more sensitive. Hopefully this results of experiment can be implemented in medication with more effective and support diagnose results so that it will lowering the risk of patient mortality.Key words : M. tuberculosis, fluoro-quinolon, resistance, PCR, SSCP

The anticarcinogenic activity of plants compounds Sugiyanto .; B. Sudarto; Edy Meiyanto; Agung Endro Nugroho; Umar A. Jenie
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 14 No 4, 2003
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The study was conducted to observe the effect of extracts of ngokilo (Gynura procumbens), beluntas (Pluchea indica), murbei (Morus alba) dan tapak doro (Vinca alba) leaves. Showed anticarcinogenic activity on lung tumor growth of mice. In the nex step, compounds having anticarcinogenic effect was isolated and identified, and evaluated on the cultures of meilomaand Vero cells. The results showed that non-polar fraction of ethanol extract of ngokilo leaves did not have anticarcinogenic activity, whereas the polar fraction show anticarcinogenic activity. At least there were three flavonoids (flavon or flavonol groups) in this polar fraction. It was only two of these flavonoids inhibit the growth of myeloma and Vero cells.Key words : ngokilo, Gynura procumbens, anticarcinogenic, flavonoid.

Simulation of propranolol as antihypertensive agent on hyperglicaemic rabbit Kus Haryono; Sukati K.; Elly Wahyuddin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 2, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Diabetic and hypertention are two common deseases on older people one of fat soluble antihypertensive drugs is propanolol. There for is a study this undertakento observe how propanolol can reduce the blood sugar. This study used 12 male rabbits, divided into 4 grroups. Each group consisted 3 rabbits. The first group was used as negative control (given EDTA sodium liquid 1 % w/v). The second group was the treated group (given EDTA sodium suspension 1.% w/v and propranolol tablet suspension 0,006.% w/v). The third group also the treated group (given EDTA sodium suspension 1% and propranolol tablet suspension 0,02 % w/v). The fourth group was the positive control (given EDTA sodium liquid 1 % w/v only). Blood glucose level was measured before and after treatment by using spektrophotometer (578 nm). The result showed that colloidal CMC sodium liquid 1 % w/v lowered blood glucose level (not significant as 0,7 mg/dL). EDTA sodium liquid 1 % w/v + propranolol suspension 0,006 % w/v significantly lowered blood glucose level as 5,3 mg/dL, EDTA sodium liquid 1 % w/v + propranolol suspension 0,02% w/v also lowered the blood glucose level as 21,7 mg/dL, EDTA sodium liquid 1 % w/v significantly giving the effect on the increasing blood glucose level as 17,4 mg/dL.Key words : Propranolol, glucose, rabbit

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING CHITOSAN HYDROLYSATE AS STABILIZING AGENT AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY Endang Susilowati; Maryani .; Ashadi .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 1, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized with chitosan hydrolysate as stabilizing agent at room temperature. Silver nitrate, glucose and sodium hydroxide were used as silver precursor, reducing agent and accelerator respectively. Chitosan hydrolysate was produced by enzymatic process with papain enzyme. Molecular weight of chitosan hydrolysate determined by viscosimetry methode based on Mark-Howink equation. The effect of molecular weight of chitosan hydrolysate as stabilizing agent and AgNO3 concentration toward surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nanoparticle was investigated. It is also reported the antibacterial activity of silver-chitosan nanocomposites against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The products of silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The result showed that the formation of silver nanoparticles was shown by the appearance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 403–421nm from the corresponding UV-Vis spectra. The molecular weight of chitosan hydrolysate affects the absorbance intensity and the wavelength of SPR. Silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape as identified by TEM images with size in range of 4–26nm. The silver nanoparticles have showed high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Key word: green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, chitosan hydrolysate, stabilizing agent, antibacterial activity

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL DISINFECTANT BASED ON PEROXYGEN/BIGUANIDE/ALCOHOL COMBINATION Mostafa Essam Eissa
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 3, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

A new disinfectant formula based on combination of Hydrogen peroxide 0.6g%, Chlorohexidine gluconate 0.5g% and Isopropanol 70.5g% was investigated to be used as broad spectrum disinfectant in an attempt to make better control over microbial bioburden in clean area during critical processes. A proper neutralization method was first implemented using combi-nation of dilution 1:10 (v/v) and chemical inactivation method using LBC3T then disinfectant efficacy study was conducted using surface challenge test and finally compatibility with other disinfectants was performed to ensure that there is no adverse interaction between them. This new product demonstrated more than 3 log reduction (LR) in less than one minute against tested vegetative bacteria and yeast Bacillus subtilis (>4.68, >4.81, >3.85 and >4.88), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>4.00, >4.34, >3.85 and >4.04) Candida albicans (>4.11, >4.18, >4.95 and >4.48), Micrococcus lylae (>5.56, >5.56, >5.65 and 5.74) and Leifsonia aquaticum (>5.82, 5.79, >5.75 and >5.74) but about 15min were needed to achieve high log reduction against Aspergillus niger (3.02, 2.94, 2.91 and 3.10) and no remarkable log reduction of bacterial spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus even after 30min of contact time on coupons inoculated with microorganisms. There is no interaction between this new formula and any other commonly used disinfectants in pharma-ceutical facility. The new disinfectant may be used as sanitizer with good activity but not as sporicidal agent for up to 30min contact time.

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE LOADED NATURAL GUM MATRIX TABLET Nidhi Jain; Divya Kumar; Neha Gulati; Upendra Nagaich
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 24 No 1, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The present research work was carried out to develop sustained release tablets of caffeine using natural matrix former (tragacanth) and different filling polymers like hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K15M) and ethyl cellulose (EC). Caffeine was used as model drug. The polymers and tragacanth gum were incorporated in varying ratios into a matrix system using wet granulation technique. All the lubricated formulations were compressed into tablets and evaluated for various physicochemical properties such as thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content and in vitro drug release studies. From the investigation it was observed that increase in the amount of gum tragacanth (from F1 to F5) led to reduced friability, increased hardness and retarded drug release. Different filling polymers also sustained the drug release. The in vitro drug release data were tted in various release kinetics models to understand th mechanism of drug release. All solid matrix formulations were found to follow Higuchi kinetics, indicating the diffusional release of drug from the matrix type system. The Formulation F5 containing highest amount of gum tragacanth have shown promising results. The findings of the current investigation clearly indicate the potential of tragacanth gum to be used as release retardant and natural matrix material in sustained release formulations. Key words: Sustained release, Matrix tablets, Tragacanth, Caffeine.

Characterization antibacterial constituent from Ficus deltoideusJack leaves Suryati .; Hazli Nurdin; Dachriyanus .; Md Nordin Hj Lajis
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 2, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

An antibacterial constituent, has been isolated from Ficus deltoideus Jack leaves. Based on spectroscopic data (IR, 1H-NMR, 13 C NMR 1D and 2D and MS), the structure of this compound was identified as Olean-12en-3β-ol, (β-amyrin), C30H50O. This compound showed antibacterial activities against E. coli, B. subtilis and S. aureus. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) agains E. coli, B. subtilisand S. aureusare 230, 380 and 460 (µg/mL) respectively.Key words: Antibacterial activity,Ficus deltoideusJack, β-amyrin

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENERIC AND BRANDED NAME AMPICILLIN IN TABLETS USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC) Putra, Effendy De Lux
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 13 No 4, 2002
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The determination of ampicillin in tablets of branded and generic names by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) had been carried out. Using column selectosphere C18 (25cm x 4,6 mm) as stationary phase; water : acetonitrile : potassium phosphate 1 M : acetic acid 1 N (909+80+10+1) V/V as mobile phase; flow rate = 2,5 ml/minute; sensitivity = 0,08 AUFS and uv detector at 254 nm wave length. Identification of ampicillin BPFI, ampicillin (Pharos), and ampicillin in tablets of branded and generic names got the retention time 5 minutes.Determination of calibration curve linearity showed a linear correlation between the peak area versus concentrations from 200 to 700 ïg/ml with the correlation coefficient, r = 0,9984 and got the equation of regression Y = 249,89 X - 4305,15. The recovery test of ampicillin (Pharos) showed the concentration 99,36%ï£ïï£104,76% with deviation standard = 1,6447; relative error = 2,06% and coefficient of variation = 1,61%. The quantification of ampicillin in tablets with generic names showed the concentration = 99,69%ï£ïï£104,99% (PT. Indofarma); 91,03%ï£ïï£97,53% (PT. Phapros); 95,70%ï£ïï£102, 44% (PT. Farma); and for tablets of branded names namely : Binotal (PT. Bayer) = 93,38%ï£ïï£99,44%; Kalpicillin (PT. Kalbe Farma) = 91,41%ï£ïï£97, 95%; Parpicilin (PT, Prafa) = 97,19%ï£ïï£101,67% and Cetacilin (PT. Soho) = 95,60%ï£ïï£98,58%. All samples fulfilled the requirement of Farmakope Indonesia fourth edition (1995) namely containing ampicillin not less than 90,0% and not more than 120,0% from the label declared.Key words : HPLC, Ampicillin, assay

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