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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Characterization of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin radiopharmaceuticals as the infection imaging Nurlaila Z; T. Hasan Basry; Rukmini Iljas; Mimin R. Suminar
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 4, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Technetium-99m-ciprofloxacin (99mTc-ciprofloxacin) is used in nuclear medicine for infection diagnoses by imaging method. Since a succesful diagnose is depend on its radiopharmaceutical characters, the several physicochemical and biological characters should be investigated in order to have the expectation diagnose. The radiochemical purity was determined with ascending paper chromatography (Whatman 3MM) using 50 % of acetonitril solution as the solvents. The lipophilicity =(P) of 99mTcciprofloxacin was obtained by determination of octanol-water partition and the plasma binding protein was in-vitro investigated with precipitation method using 5% of trichloro acetic acid solution. The biological activity of antibiotic and microbiological uptake was observed in-vitro using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli). From the experiment, it was obtained that 99mTc-ciprofloxacin has 98.04 ± 0.51 % of radiochemical purity, the lipophilicity (P) = 0.088 ± 0.003, the human plasma binding protein of 64.20 ± 1.74%. The biological activity of 99mTcciprofloxacin was indentic with ciprofloxacin as the starting material and the maximum uptake by S. aureus and E.coli was 97.30 ± 1.01% and 96.03 ± 2.10%, at one hour incubation, respectively. The stability determination showed that 99mTc-ciprofloxacin was still able to be used until two hours after labelling with radiochemical purity of 97.55 ± 0.24%.Key words :radiopharmaceutical, technetium-99m, ciprofloxacin, in, characterization.

Snake beans (Vigna sinensis (L) Savi ex Hassk) extract increases breast epithelial cells proliferation Edy Meiyanto; Sri Handayani; Riris Istighfari Jenie
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 19 No 4, 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Some Javaness people use snake beans for skin and breast care, especially for better breast development. This research was conducted to examine the effect of snake beans extract (EKP) on the breast epithelial cells proliferation on in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro experiment was carried out against MCF-7 cells using MTT assay and morphologically examination was carried out under light microscope. Sprague Dawley female Rats were used in in vivo experiment. The rats (30 days of age) were separated into 3 groups, namely base line group, control group, and treatment groups. The extract was administered in the dose of 1000 mg/kgBW p.o. every day for 14 days then the rats were examined for wet uterus weight, lobulus development, and estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Extract treatment induced MCF-7 cells proliferation in dose dependent manner. The extract exhibited proliferative effect in the dose of 50 ug/mL 300 ug/mL, but in the dose of 400 ug/mL and 500 ug/mL the extract inhibited cells proliferation and there were no cell death effect. Extract treatment in the dose of 1000 mg/kgBW tended to increase uterus weight. The extract also increased lobulus development up to two fold and induced estrogen receptor expression in epithelial cells of lobulus and ductus. These results conclude, snake bean (in appropriate dose) induces breast glands development and relatively safe (no death effect on the cells), therefore can be developed for breast care product.Key words: Snake bean, breast care, proliferation, lobulus epithelial cells, estrogen receptor

The advantages of fentanyl for the treatment of pain: Studies of pharmacological profiles and fentanyl relatedside effects Arief Nurrochmad; Ozaki Masahiko; Minoru Narita; Tsutomu Suzuki
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 15 No 4, 2004
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The understanding of the pharmacological profiles of fentanyl and fentanyl-related side effects seems to be critical for the management for control of pain. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the advantages for treatment with fentanyl and the side effects such as emesis and gastrointestinal transit inhibition. The results demonstrated that fentanyl produced a profound antinociception in ferrets and mice than that induced by morphine. These findings are consistent with the experiences in the clinic. Morphine with lower doses than antinociceptive doses, produced a significant increase in gastrointestinal transit inhibition. However, fentanyl produced no gastrointestinal transit inhibition unlike morphine. These findings are consistent with the clinical experiences in the use of fentanyl. The clinical studies in patients chronic cancer pain showed that transdermal therapeutic delivery system for fentanyl (TTS-fentanyl) produces less side effects such as constipation, nausea and vomiting than that induced by oral morphine. Morphine with lower doses than that used for antinociceptive assay also produced either in the number of retching or vomiting. However, fentanyl failed to produce emetic response in ferrets. These findings indicate that fentanyl produces much less emesis than that induced by morphine. Finally, we conclude that fentanyl produced potent antinociception in ferrets and mice. In addition, fentanyl produced much less side effects including emesis and constipation. These findings may provide evidence for benefit and usefulness of fentanyl for clinical frame on the management of pain treatment.Key word: fentanyl; antinociception; emesis; ferret.

The effect of fumaric acid-sodium bicarbonate on the green tea effervescent granule’s quality made by dry granulation Agatha Budi Susiani Lestari; Maria Yuli Trisusilawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 3, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) had been known contains epigallocathecin gallate (EGCG) that can be used to maintain the healthy. In this research, the green tea will be tried to be formulated in effervescent dosage form, with the focus on the effect among fumaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, or the interaction between fumaric acid and sodium bicarbonate on the green tea extract effervescent granule’s physical properties, that made by dry granulation method. Physical properties of effervescent granule that been study were moisture content, flow rate, disintegration time, and pH of the solution. The result showed that sodium bicarbonate was dominant in determining pH, granule flow rate and moisture content of granule, whereas fumaric acid dominant in disintegration time of effervescent granule.Key words: green tea, fumaric acid, effervescent granule, dry granulation

INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS IN MELOXICAM NANOCRYSTAL FORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION ON SUSPENSION ORAL DOSAGE FORM Magdalena Yuni Kristanti; Rachmat Mauludin; Heni Rachmawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 24 No 4, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Meloxicam is a non steroid anti inflammatory drug that is classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II. Meloxicam is poorly soluble in water, therefore its solubility would be the rate limiting step for drug absorption. This study was conducted to improve meloxicam solubility using nanotechnology approach. Meloxicam nanocrystal was prepared using high pressure homogenization technique. Several stabilizers were investigated for suitable nanocrystal production. Formulation of suspension on the meloxicam nanocrystal was developed. Short physical stability was performed to assess the potential use of the stabilizer. Nanocrystal containing 10% meloxicam and 5% PVP K25 was formed faster with better physical stability compared to other stabilizers (xanthan gum, HPMC 2910 type 603 dan 645). Meloxicam nanocyrstal suspension containing meloxicam nanocrystal with stabilizer 5% or 10% of PVP K25 showed excellent particle size stability (with particle size 466.6nm and 486.9nm) and dissolution rate compared to reference product (without nanonization). Particle size and dissolution rate of meloxicam nanocrystal suspensions (containing 5% or 10% of PVP K25) were stable after storage for 30 days at room temperature. Kinetic solubility of meloxicam nanocrystal was three times higher than that of meloxicam. According to XRD profile, there was no differences in crystallinity between meloxicam and meloxicam nanocrystal.Key words: meloxicam, high pressure homogenizer, nanocrystal,dissolution rate, kinetic solubility

MACARANGIN, A GERANYLATED FLAVONOID AND ANTICANCER ACTIVE COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM ETHYL ACETAT FRACTION OF Macaranga gigantifolia LEAVES Darmawan, Akhmad; Suwarso, Wahyudi P.; Kosela, Soleh; Kardono, Leonardus B.S.; Fajriah, Sofa
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 26 No 1, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Macaranga known locally as mahang-mahangan has uniquely ecological function, and also became a part of traditional medicine in Indonesia. Macaranga genus also known as a sources of terpenoid and phenolic (flavonoid) compounds which have biological activity as antioxidant and anticancer (cytotoxicity).There are few phytochemical investigations have been done on M. gigantifolia species. As a part of our continuing research of isolation anticancer compound from natural product, a geranylated flavonoid compound (macarangin) has been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Macaranga gigantifolia leaves using chromatography methods. The isolated compund (isolat MG) was elucidated to gain the chemical structure based on spectroscopic data (LC-MS and FT-NMR). Cytotoxicity test of this compound was tested against MCF 7 cell lines, showed that macarangin has a potential activity with IC50 value 119.12Î¼g/mL.Â Key words: Macarangin, geranylatedÂ flavonoid, Macaranga gigantifolia, MCF 7 cell lines.

Determination of total phenol, condensed tannin and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of Uncaria gambirextracts M. Jain Kassim; M. Hazwan Hussin; A. Achmad; N. Hazwani Dahon; T. Kim Suan; H. Safley Hamdan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 1, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Uncaria gambir, a well known Southeast Asia plant have been previously used as an alternative medicine for treatment such as diarrheal, sore throat and spongy gums. Due to its useful properties, in this study we have analysed the total phenol, condensed tannin, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Uncaria gambir in three different solvent extracts. Characterization and quantification analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has confirmed that the major chemical constituents of Uncaria gambir are mainly catechins. It was revealed that the ethyl acetate gambir extract gives the highest catechin content and antioxidant activity compared with other solvent extracts.Key words: Uncaria gambir, antioxidant activity, condensed tannin, flavonoid

Synthesis of 2,5-dibenzilidin cyclopentanone from benzaldehyde and cyclopentanone by solvent variation Pudjono .; Supardjan .; Tri Irawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 1, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The 2,5-dibenzilidine cyclopentanone is a Pentagamavunon-0 analogues (PGV-0) that showed an antiproliferative activity on raji, myeloma and Hella cells. This compound can be synthesized by condensation reaction of a keton and an aldehide by using acid or base as catalyst. The synthesis was carried by reacting cyclopentanone (10 mmol), benzaldehide (20 mmol) and potassium hydroxide 30% (20 mmol) at 5oC, followed by neutralize the reaction product with hydrochloride acid and the compound was obtained by crystalization on CCl4. It showed that rendemen in organic solven: [methanol (96.3 %), ethanol (73.2 %) and isopropanol (67.7%)]. The purity of the product was determined by using melting point and TLC methods . Structural elucidation was carried out by spectroscopic method ( UV-VIS, IR, H1-NMR and MS spectra). It could be concluded that the compound is 2,5-dibenzilidincyclopentanone.Key words: 2,5-dibenzilidincyclopentanone, catalyst, solven.

Optimization of formula sustained releaase captopril tablet using factorial design method Pratiwi, Melinda; Hadisoewignyo, Lannie
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 4, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Captopril is one of the most frequently usedÂ medicineÂ in the treatment of hypertensionÂ withÂ repeatedlyÂ usedÂ frequencyÂ inÂ aÂ day.Â ThereforeÂ captopril shouldÂ beÂ formulatedÂ inÂ theÂ formÂ ofÂ sustainedÂ releaseÂ andÂ findÂ theÂ optimum formula.Â TheÂ purposeÂ ofÂ thisÂ studyÂ wasÂ toÂ determineÂ theÂ influenceÂ ofÂ both factorsÂ andÂ theirÂ interactions,Â whichÂ areÂ theÂ ratioÂ ofÂ polymerÂ HPMCÂ K4MÂ -xanthan gumÂ factor at the level of 1:1 and 4:1 and the concentration of tartaric acidÂ atÂ levelsÂ ofÂ 0%Â andÂ 5%Â onÂ physicalÂ propertiesÂ ofÂ tablets,Â drugÂ release, floatingÂ lagÂ time.Â Furthermore,Â findÂ theÂ optimumÂ formulaÂ thatÂ meetsÂ the requirementsÂ andÂ produceÂ tabletsÂ withÂ drugÂ releaseÂ patternÂ accordingÂ toÂ zero orderÂ kinetics.Â BasedÂ onÂ DesignÂ ExpertÂ optimizationÂ programÂ wasÂ obtainedÂ the optimumÂ formulaÂ usingÂ aÂ combinationÂ ofÂ polymerÂ HPMCÂ K4MÂ â€“Â xanthanÂ gum ratioÂ 3.75:1Â andÂ concentrationÂ ofÂ ofÂ tartaricÂ acidÂ 4.5%Â wouldÂ beÂ resultÂ the hardnessÂ responsÂ 12.02Â KpÂ theÂ friabilityÂ 0.47%,Â theÂ floatingÂ lagÂ timeÂ 0.32 minutes,Â andÂ theÂ rateÂ ofÂ dissolutionÂ 0.05Â mg/min.Â TheÂ resultsÂ showÂ that combination of factors polymer HPMC K4M -Â xanthan gum ratio can increase the tabletÂ hardness,Â lowerÂ tabletÂ friability,Â accelerateÂ theÂ floatingÂ lagÂ time,Â and increase the rateÂ of dissolution.Â Tartaric acid canÂ decreaseÂ theÂ tabletÂ hardness, increaseÂ theÂ friability,Â accelerateÂ theÂ floatingÂ lagÂ time,Â andÂ increaseÂ Â theÂ rateÂ of dissolution.Â InteractionÂ ofÂ bothÂ canÂ reduceÂ theÂ tabletÂ hardness,Â increaseÂ the tablet friability, slow floating lag time, and increase the rate of dissolution.Key words: captopril, HPMC K4M, xanthan gum, tartaric acid, factorial design

Formulation of nanoparticles from short chain chitosan as gene delivery system and transfection against T47D cell line Lina Winarti; Ronny Martien; Sismindari .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 3, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Recently numerous prototype DNA-based biopharmaceuticals can be used to control disease progression by induction and inhibitin the overexpression of genes. Since there are poor cellular uptake and rapid in vivo degradation of DNA-based therapeutics therefore the use of delivery systems to facilitate cellular internalization and preserve their activity is necessary. Cationic polymers commonly used as carriers to delivery gene because of easy to form complexes and higher stability compared to that lipoplexs. Chitosan, a cationic, are polymer most widely used in gene delivery systems because of the low toxicity, and biocompatible. The aim of this study was to formulate nanoparticles of short chain chitosan-pEGFP-C1 and short chain chitosan/TPP-pEGFP-C1 by coaservation complex method. Stability test of the formula was performed by incubating the nanoparticles complex with DNase I and Artificial Intestinal Fluid. Cytotoxicity and transfection studies were evaluated against T47D cell line. The diameter of Chitosan-pEGFP-C1 and chitosan/TPP-pEGFP-C1 nanoparticles were on the range of 56–282.8 nm. The zeta potential wasdetermined to be +14.03 - +16.6 mV. Stability studies showed that chitosan-pEGFP-C1 and chitosan/TPPpEGFP-C1 nanoparticles were stable, undegradable by DNase I and artificial intestinal fluid. Cytotoxic Assay of Chitosan-pEGFP-C1 and chitosan/TPP-pEGFPC1 nanoparticles (pH 4.0) showed that the viability of cell was > 90% for all formulas. EGFP-C1 plasmid gene delivered by chitosan nanoparticles can be expressed in T47D cell culture. According to these results chitosan and chitosan/TPP nanoparticles had potentially to be used as a non-viral vector system delivery for gene therapy.Key words:Chitosan, Nanoparticles, Plasmid EGFP-C1, Cell culture T47D

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