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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Investigation on drug dosage form : analysis of prescriptions available in pharmacy in kotamadya Yogyakarta Chairun Wiedyaningsih; Oetari .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 14 No 4, 2003
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The analysis of dispensing prescriptions available in Pharmacy in Yogyakarta was performed. The analysis included observation problems of dosage form preparations, and examination compounds of medicines which were mentioned in dispensing prescriptions. The study was conducted by sampling dispensing prescriptions from the pharmacy located in Yogyakarta. Questionnaires and interviews to pharmacists were also conducted in order to support the prescription data. The result showed that the oral solid dosage forms were the majority (71%) of dispensing prescriptions written. tablet crushing was the major problems of. The majority objective of therapy with this type of dispensing were for asthma, infection and allergy. It was also found that brand names (74%) medicine were more written than generic names. The most generic name written/added was CTM (chlorpheniramin maleat). Results of questionnaire evaluation showed that semi solid (unguentum, cream) was the major problem (69%) of pharmaceutical dispensing in the Pharmacy. Dispensing Salicylic acid with other semi solids were the most problems. Prescription analysis showed that about 14,2% dispensing prescriptions contain salycilic acid mixed with cream, and 26,5% dispense prescriptions contains salicylic acid mixed with any kinds of drugs or other semi solid forms. Liquid were the minor (7,2%) dispensing prescriptions written by physicians. However problems were still remain caused bycrushing coated tablets and dispensing to the liquid.Keywords : prescription, pharmaceutical stores, dosage forms, Yogyakarta

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF 2-(4’-DIMETHYLAMINO BENZYLIDENE)-6-BENZYLIDENE CYCLOHEXANONE Sardjiman .; Ni Nyoman Yuliarti; Sasmito .; Agung Endro Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 24 No 3, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The study was designed to investigate whether 2-(4’-dimethylamino benzylidene)-6-benzylidene cyclohexanone (named code “B”) can be synthesized by reaction of Claissen–Schmidt condensation with 4'-dimethylamino benzal-dehyde, benzaldehyde, and cyclohexanone as starting materials and to evaluate its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The study showed that compound B at the concentration of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80ppm did not exhibit antioxidant activity. In order to access the antiinflammatory activity, this compound was administered orally an hour before intra-plantar injection of carraagenan 1% on rat paw. Anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by measuring the volume of edema every hour for 5h. Statistical analysis was performed by one way anova at 95% confidence level and followed by LSD test. “B” was potential as an anti-inflammatory agent at the dose of 132.40mg/200g BW by decreasing the volume of paw edema.Key words: synthesis; 2-(4’-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-6-benzylidene cyclohexanone; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory

The effect of avocado butter to characteristics of emullient W/O cream Teti Indrawati; Herlina Yuanita Sari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 3, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Avocado butter is an unsafonifiable fraction of avocado oil that contains of 25-30 % fitosterol as anti-aging agent. In this research, the influence of 6 variation avocado butter between 1–11 % to o/w cream characteristics has been researched. O/W cream has been made by meltingand mixing methods at 700C, and than cream product was evaluated. The result showed that o/w cream characteristics were progressively influenced by amount of avocado butter. In using avocado butter between 1–7 % in creams, the value of pH, viscosity, and particle size in product creams progressively go down, but theirs spread-abilities progressively go up. On the contrary cream characteristics that usage 9% of avocado butter, the value of viscosity and particle size began to go up while pH, but spread-abilities go down.Key words :avocado butter, O/W cream, cream characteristic, stability

DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN PORCINE AND BOVINE GELATIN IN CAPSULE SHELLS BASED ON AMINO ACID PROFILES AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS Widyaninggar, Amalia; ., Triwahyudi; Triyana, Kuwat; Rohman, Abdul
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 23 No 2, 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

GelatinÂ usedÂ forÂ capsuleÂ shellsÂ canÂ beÂ derivedÂ from porcineÂ origin.Â SomeÂ religionÂ likeÂ IslamÂ prohibitedÂ their followersÂ toÂ consumeÂ anyÂ productsÂ containingÂ porcine derivativesÂ includingÂ porcineÂ gelatinÂ inÂ theÂ products. Consequently,Â someÂ rapidÂ andÂ reliableÂ techniquesÂ are continuouslyÂ developedÂ forÂ detectionÂ ofÂ porcineÂ gelatinÂ in some pharmaceutical products likeÂ capsule shells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to useÂ amino acid profileÂ inÂ combinationÂ withÂ chemometricsÂ ofÂ principal componentÂ analysisÂ forÂ detectionÂ andÂ classificationÂ between gelatin in capsule derived from porcine and bovine. Based on scoreÂ plotÂ ofÂ firstÂ principalÂ componentsÂ (PC1)Â andÂ second principalÂ componentsÂ (PC2),Â porcineÂ andÂ bovineÂ gelatinsÂ in capsule could be apparently distinguished.KeyÂ words:Â bovineÂ gelatin;Â porcineÂ gelatin;Â aminoÂ acidÂ profile; principal component analysis

ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF Cinnamyl tiglate CONTAIN IN VOLATILE OIL OF KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica Val.) Oktavia Salasia, Sri Isrina; ., Rochmadiyanto; Fatimah, Oktarina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 13 No 3, 2002
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory effects of the cinnamyl tiglate contain in the volatile oil of kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) on the carrageenin induced inflammatory in Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Cinnamyl tiglate was isolated using thin layer chromatography with the silica gel GF as stationary phase and the hexane with toluene as a mobile phase. Cinnamyl tiglate could be isolated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). Inflammation of rats were induced by 1% carrageenin subplantar followed with oral administration of the cinnamyl tiglate at various doses of 1,1%, 4,4%, and 17,6%/kg bw. As controle were used rats treated orally with aspirin 450 mg/kg bw and volatile oil of kunyit 1,2 ml/kg bw. The volume of inflammations were measured with pletismograph. The analysis of GCMS showed that cinnamyl tiglate could be isolated from volatyle oil of kunyit in the second fraction with the concentration of 63,62%. Cinnamyl tiglate with dose of 1,1%/kg bw had no effects on the inflammatory reactions (P≥0,05). Cinnamyl tiglate with dose of 4,4%/kg bw could decrease the inflammatory reactions (P≤0,05) and with dose of 17,6%/kg bw the antiinflammatory effects were more significant (P≤0,01).Key words: Cinnamyl tiglate, Curcuma domestica Val., antiinflammatory

Pharmacokinetic profile of carbamazepine and its metabolites on Javanese and Chinese ethnics in Indonesia Djojosaputro, Mulyadi; ., Sugiyanto; Hubeis, A. Aziz; Ismadi, M.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

CarbamazepineÂ (CBZ)Â isÂ anÂ anticonvulsantÂ widelyÂ usedÂ forÂ epilepsy treatment. However, it is difficultÂ toÂ establish suitable dosageÂ regimensÂ forÂ this drug because of the variation on its pharmacokinetics profiles. A lot of evidences indicateÂ thatÂ ethnicÂ differencesÂ mayÂ affectÂ pharmacokineticsÂ andÂ henceÂ dosage requirements. The study was conducted to document pharmacokinetic profile of CBZÂ andÂ itsÂ metabolitesÂ onÂ JavaneseÂ andÂ ChineseÂ ethnicsÂ inÂ Indonesia.Â The study was carried out in 26 Javanese and 24 Chinese ethnics healthy volunteers, BloodÂ samplesÂ wereÂ collectedÂ serially.Â CarbamazepineÂ andÂ itsÂ metabolites wasÂ assayedÂ byÂ HPLC.Â TheÂ resultsÂ showedÂ thatÂ noÂ significantÂ differences inÂ pharmacokineticÂ parametersÂ wereÂ observedÂ betweenÂ bothÂ ethnics.Â The valuesÂ ofÂ AUC0-~, Cmax,Â Tmax,Â andÂ t1/2 CBZÂ onÂ JavaneseÂ ethnicÂ areÂ 652.44Â Â± 254.79Â Âµg/mL.h,Â 8.93Â Â±Â 3.58Â Âµg/mL,Â 11.53Â Â±Â 2.16Â h,Â andÂ 43.70Â Â±Â 12.50Â h respectively,Â whileÂ onÂ ChineseÂ ethnicÂ areÂ 830.27Â Â±Â 809.57Â Âµg/mL.h,Â 13.29Â Â± 17.46Â Âµg/mL,Â 9.97Â Â±Â 2,90Â h,Â andÂ 41.27Â Â±Â 13.50Â h,Â respectively.Â However,Â a significantÂ interindividualÂ variationÂ inÂ CBZÂ metabolismÂ wasÂ observedÂ inÂ both ethnicsÂ asÂ shownÂ in itsÂ largeÂ variation in metabolicÂ ratio.Â TheÂ metabolicÂ 10,11-epoxideÂ CBZÂ andÂ trans-10,11Â CBZÂ concentrationÂ ratioÂ onÂ JavaneseÂ ethnic are 0.07 Â± 0.03 and 0.13 Â± 0.14, while on Chinese ethnic are 0.35 Â± 0.99 and 0.14Â Â±Â Â 0.11.Â Â ItÂ canÂ beÂ concluded,Â thatÂ the Â PharmacokineticÂ ofÂ CBZÂ andÂ its metabolitesÂ onÂ JavenesÂ ethnicÂ isÂ notÂ differentÂ comparedÂ toÂ ChineseÂ ethnic.Â In addition, thereÂ isÂ aÂ significantÂ interindividualÂ variationÂ inÂ pharmacokinetics profile on both ethnics.Key words: Carbamazepine, Javanese, Chinese, pharmacokinetics, epilepsy

Identification of cubebin and epicubebin isolated from Piper cubeba L.f fruits with two D-NMR spectroscopy Wahyono .; S. Wahyuono; A. Mursyidi; H. Timmerman; R. Verpoorte; L. Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 4, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

One of the isolated active compound of the tracheospasmolytic from kemukus fruits (Piper cubeba L.f) is cubebin. The problem occurred when cubebin (C20H20O6) mixed with its epimer because of the difficultly to identify the structure by 1D-NMR spectroscopy. Structure identification then was conducted by 2D-NMR spectroscopy, so the structure of cubebin and epicubebin can be clear identified. Key words : Cubebin, epicubebin, identification, 2D-NMR

The determination of quercetin in Plectranthus scutellarioides(L.) R.Br. leaves extract and its In SilicoStudy on Histamine H4 Receptor Moektiwardoyo, Moelyono; Levita, Jutti; Sidiq, Syafrudin Purnama; Ahmad, Khoziah; Mustarichie, Resmi; Subarnas, Anas; ., Supriyatna
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 22 No 3, 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br., or jawer kotok, Family Lamiaceae, grows widely in Indonesia, and has a long history of therapeutic usage in Indonesian traditional jamuto cure various diseases. The brownish purple leaves of Plecranthus contain alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, tannin, volatile oils, and quercetin which has been proven to exert antiinflammatory activity. In this research, a determination of quercetin in Plecranthus leaves extract was performed and followed by a study of its interaction with histamine H4 receptor to understand its anti-inflammatory activity. The dry leaves were macerated by using a mixture of methanol and water (1:1) for 48 hours and the solvent was evaporated at low temperature (40-50oC). Analysis of quercetin in the extract was performed by using reversed-phase HPLC method LC-10AT VP (Shimadzu), Atlantis Hilicsilica C18 (Waters®) 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm as stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile, phosphoric acid, and methanol (40:50:10), flow rate 0.8 mL/minute. In silicostudy of quercetin with histamine H4 receptor was performed by using AutoDock Tools 3.0.5. Histamine H4 receptor (H4R) belongs to G protein-coupled receptors which is involved in arthritis, asthma, and inflammations. The 3D structure model of H4R was built by using MODELLER 9v7. Quercetin contained in Plecranthus leaves extract was 0.05 %. This compound interacted with H4R viahydrogen bond formation with Lys158 (2.006 Å) and Glu182 (2.048 Å), and van der Waals interaction with Trp90, Leu91, Asp94, Tyr95, Phe168, Thr178, Ser179, Tyr319, Phe344, and Tyr340, therefore Plecranthus leaves extract might have a chance to be used as histamine H4 receptor inhibitor.Key words : histamine H4 receptor, in silico study, Plecranthus leaves, Plectranthus scutellarioides, quercetin

The influence of ethanol fractions of infusa of Plantago major L. leaves in effectivity of octyl methoxycinnamate as active ingredient of sunscreen Nining Sugihartini; Marchaban .; Suwidjiyo Pramono.
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 3, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Octyl methoxycinnamate is an active ingredient of that is degraded by solar irradiation resulting it usage as sunscreen becomes less effective. An antioxidant has capability as a photo-protector. Flavonoid in the ethanolic fraction of Plantago major, L. leaves is reported to have an antioxidant. This research was aimed to examine the influence of the addition of the ethanolic fraction of Plantago major, L. leaves to the effectiveness of octyl methoxycinnamate as a sunscreen. In this research, two formulas were prepared. Formula I contained octyl methoxycinnamate per se and formula II contained a mixture (1:1) of octyl methoxycinnamate and ethanolic fraction of Plantago major, L. leaves. Both formulas were exposed to the sun light for 5 hours (09.00-14.00 WIB) in which samples were taken every hour. The effectiveness of octyl methoxycinnamate was calculated based on the percentage of erythema transmission and the percentage of pigmentation transmission, prior and after the irradiation by the sun light for 5 hours. The statistical data analysis was performed based on the Student t test with a confidence level of 95%. The addition of the ethanol fraction of Plantago major, L. leaves significantly reduced the percentage of the erythema transmission after solar irradiation (p

Synthesis of a potential angiogenesis inhibitor compound: 2-benzylidene cyclohexane-1,3-dione Istyastono, Enade Perdana; Yuniarti, Nunung; ., Jumina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 1, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Synthesis of an aromatic cyclic enadione, 2-benzylidene-cyclohexane-1,3-dione (a potential angiogenesis inhibitor), has been done using benzaldehide (50 mmole) and cyclohexane-1,3-dione (50 mmole) as starting materials and NaOH 1.0 N as a catalyst. Odorless and white needle-shape powder has been achieved. The powder was 252.7 mg (2.53 %) and the purity of the powder was 88.81 %. Its melting point was 214.8 oC. The purity of the product was examined by gas chromatography, while the structure elucidation was done using IR spectrometer, 1H-NMR spectrometer, and GC-MS.IR spectrometer showed that the compound had a -C=O bond conjugated to an alkene or a phenyl moiety, methylen groups, and alkene’s -C–H bonds. 1H-NMR spectrometer showed that the compound had benzene moiety and methylen moieties, which were in α and β position to a carbonyl group. GC-MS showed that the molecular weight of the compound was 200 atomic mass unit.Key words: Angiogenesis inhibitor, synthesis, 2-benzylidene-cyclohexane-1,3-dione.

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