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JDE (Journal of Developing Economies)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 25411012     EISSN : 25282018     DOI : -
Core Subject :
The Journal of Developing Economies (JDE) is a journal published by the Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University with the ISSN 2541-1012 (print version) and 2528-2018 (online version). This journal is published every 6 months, June and December, through a review process from both internal (Airlangga University) and external reviewers.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 166 Documents
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Determinants of Economic Growth: The Case of The United States of America Bakari, Sayef; Tiba, Sofien
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v7i1.34414

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to find long- and short-term determinants of U.S. economic growth over the period 1970-2016. By using cointegration analysis and vector error correction models, we compensated for many variables that were not previously linked together. Empirical analysis shows that consumer spending, population, domestic investment, FDI inflows, and exports are long-term sources of economic growth, but FDI outflows, military spending, taxes, and imports are not considered long-term sources of economic growth. grow. In the short run, all variables have no effect on economic growth.
Evaluating the Role of Governance in Boosting Human Capital to Shrink Income Inequality in Developing Countries Hossain, Tanbir
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v7i1.34616

Abstract

Most of the developing countries in the world are facing a well-known challenging factor-like income inequality that affects the issue of balanced growth and welfare. The core goal of this paper is to investigate whether the Human Capital Index (HCI) joined with Good Governance (GG) variables have a significant impact on reducing income inequality in upper middle income (UMI) and lower middle income (LMI) countries or not. The first point is to investigate the relationship between HCI and income inequality and the second one is to find out the joint effect (HCI and GG) on income inequality (Gini Coefficient). The author divides all the countries based on income levels like UMI and LMI countries according to WB. For the UMI, HCI has no significant positive impact on reducing income inequality. However, if HCI works combined with good governance indicators like (HCI*RL), (HCI*RQ), and (HCI*GE), these interacted variables do not have significant power to reduce income inequality in UMI countries. Contrarily, for LMI countries, HCI helps to diminish income inequality significantly. When citizens achieve technical and educational qualifications, it helps them earn more money and shrinks income inequality significantly. Moreover, when HCI joints with good governing variables like PS, RQ, and RL that help to reduce income inequality significantly in LMI countries. There are some significant differences between UMI and LMI in foreign investment, job opportunities, foreign investment, and macroeconomic conditions that generate income-gap. This analysis finds that LMI countries grab influential effect in reducing income inequality in their economy compared to UMI countries.
Technical Efficiency Analysis of Container Terminals in Tanjung Perak, Surabaya, East Java Bambang Eko Afiatno; Karno Dwi Joyoutomo
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v7i1.34928

Abstract

Container Terminals in Tanjung Perak Port is a trading center in the Eastern Indonesia Region (KTI) with a total throughput of 3.6 million TEUs in 2020. The utility/level of use of terminal facilities, consisting of the pier/berth occupancy ratio (BOR), has reached 60%. The field/yard occupancy ratio (YOR) is 65%, while the maximum utility is 70% (UNCTAD). It is necessary to explore the technical efficiency of each container terminal using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) because it can also capture the inefficiency effects. This study is built from the analysis of production factors in the period of 2009-2020, where the variables used are capital (k) using company asset data, labor variable (l) using data on the number of human resources, energy variable (e) using energy cost data (fuel oil/fuel, electricity, and water). The inefficiency variables are port draught (d) and loading and unloading productivity (p). The container terminal in Tanjung Perak has a relatively high technical efficiency value of 0.94. This shows that the terminal operation is quite optimum and is approaching the maximum point. The overall average elasticity is 2.01, which can be categorized as an increasing return to scale. The elasticity of assets has the most significant proportion, so it can be concluded that the port is capital intensive. Next, it's found that the higher productivity 1% increase in loading and unloading productivity, the more inefficiency with a relatively minimal value of 0.11%. Finally, an increase of 1% in depth will increase efficiency by 10.89%.
Strategies for Increasing the Use of Rooftop PV in Indonesia Haryadi, Fajar Nurrohman; Simaremare, Arionmaro Asi; Hakam, Dzikri Firmansyah; Aditya, Indra Ardhanayudha; Haryani, Indri
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v7i1.35679

Abstract

The current high energy consumption can cause scarcity as Indonesia's population growth has increased quite significantly. Alternative energy is needed to anticipate energy problems in the future. Solar energy is one of the options given the most significant potential for energy produced in Indonesia. This research aims to see the strategies that PLN can do to increase the use of Rooftop PV in Indonesia based on the results of the analysis that has been done. The approach to this research is a qualitative approach with the SWOT and FGD methods. Also, the data used are primary data from survey results on Rooftop PV users in Indonesia. The SWOT analysis results show that PLN is in quadrant I, which means it has an extreme market position. PT PLN has the potential to increase the use of Rooftop PV in Indonesia. Two strategic points can be carried out by PLN, namely, carrying out vertical integration and diversifying conglomerates. Also, the researcher has proposed several alternative strategies, namely the upstream (manufacturing) development plan, the downstream (consumer) development plan, and the internal development plan.
Financial Access and MSMEs Performance during Pandemic COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Digitization Dewi, Nurma Gupita; Ridhasyah, Rizki; Wibawa, Tio Anta
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v8i1.36843

Abstract

The Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector is critical pillars of the Indonesian economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on MSMEs. The existence of activity violation policies, namely lockdown and social distancing, needs to be anticipated by MSME actors because it has changed consumer behavior and business competition. Digital transformation is a solution for MSMEs to survive the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of access to finance on MSME performance moderated by digitalization. This study utilized 83 MSMEs as a sample. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to MSME owners who were selected as research samples. Data analysis was performed using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) method. The results of the study indicated that digitization significantly strengthens the relationship between financial access and MSME performance. For MSME actors, digitization will also make it simpler to introduce products, boost turnover, and assist with recording and producing financial reports.
Mental Health Effects on Job Retention in Indonesia Arizal, M.; Wisana, I Dewa Gede Karma
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v8i1.37445

Abstract

This study examines the effect of mental health proxied by depression on job retention. The primary independent variable is the change in depression scores in 2007 and 2014. It discovers the number of individuals whose depression scores remained, decreased, and increased. The dependent variable was being employed or unemployed in 2014. The data used in this study are from the Indonesia Life Family Survey (IFLS). The method used is logistic regression. The test results from 9675 observations showed that individuals who experienced symptoms of depression in the previous period decreased their work retention by 5.55%. Both men and women in this study showed significant results. This study confirms the long-term effect of depressive disorders on job retention.
Revisiting the Role of Agriculture in Economic Growth: Can Lower Food Prices Explain the Economic Transition Status of Indonesia Relative to South Korea? Hamzah, Ibnu Nur
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v8i1.37795

Abstract

The main objective of this article is to explain the possible mechanism between food prices and the economic transition status difference between Indonesia and South Korea. Moreover, the article also discusses the possible source of success in lowering food prices in the two economies. The two-goods consumption model for two economies is used to relate the relative economic transition status and food prices. The model and the historical data show a similar pattern: the economic transition is diverging between the two economies while the food prices are relatively getting more expensive in Indonesia. The possible sources of lower food prices are discussed.
Digital Financial Inclusion and Implications for Developing Countries Economic Growth Yaqin, Misbahol; Safuan, Sugiharso
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v8i1.38361

Abstract

This study aims to develop a model to measure financial inclusion by incorporating the evolution of digital finance and identifying its relationship with GDP growth in emerging nations. Data used are from 51 developing countries in 2014 and 2017. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to create the Digital Financial Inclusion Index. The fixed effects model (FEM) is used to estimate the association between the inclusion of digital finances and economic growth. According to the study, metrics of digital financial inclusion in emerging nations are in the middle. Compared to other research, the financial inclusion indicator in this study strengthens it. The study discovered that the inclusion of digital finance enhances GDP growth in developing nations after testing the influence of digital financial inclusion on GDP growth in developing countries.
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Cost Measures for the Sweepers at Jashore and Benapole Paurashava in Bangladesh Kabir, Sardar Lutful
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v8i1.38928

Abstract

Background: Jashore, the oldest and Benapole, a new municipality in Bangladesh which total area is 32 square km having 0.6 million people including 516 enlisted cleaners. They are living with limited services, though the National Policy on OHS was formulated which summarizes the existing policies, laws, and guidelines in the country. Methods: Respondents were selected through homogeneous sampling method. They were directly interviewed and provided their data which was analyzed using secondary data. Objectives: To find out the monthly health and safety cost of a sweeper and how much additional cost they will agree to spend to ensure their occupational health and safety. Results: Their income sources are restricted, which is average 12187 BDT and expenditure is around 12679 BDT monthly. They do not have any savings options or any insurance for their financial security. Their profession as well as the health and safety issues are not secured by any authorities. Considering the types of profession, 18% are doing septic tank cleaning, 21% doing pit latrine cleaning and 61% are doing both. Findings: Study shows only 7% respondents use PPE set at the time of toilet/drain cleaning and 30% nothing used. But reality is, almost all know about the benefits of using PPE. The consequences for not following safety measures were about 25% suffered accidental injury and 28% of their family were affected by skin disease. For precautionary and treatment purpose, they need to spend an additional 8% of their monthly income. Conclusion: This study sought to offer recommendations on how PPE would be more usable, respondents positively responded. Traditional manual profession is reducing day by day and it has been increasing the vulnerable situation of the sweeper community. The priority is reducing, and they are considering it as a secondary profession.
The Short-Run Impact of Indonesia's Large-Scale Social Restriction on Intra-Generational Household Economic Mobility Samuda, Sri Juli Asdiyanti; Nasrudin, Rus'an
Journal of Developing Economies Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jde.v8i1.39710

Abstract

This study aims to estimate the impact of policy responses due to the Covid-19 pandemic on intra-generational household economic mobility in Indonesia. Given the many policy interventions during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, this study focuses on the implementation of partial lockdowns known as PSBB policy in four districts (Bogor Regency, Bekasi Regency, Bogor City, and Bekasi City). In order to have a causal relationship, this study performs Synthetic Control Method to construct hypothetical counterfactual regions for districts that implement PSBB policy. Based on multinomial logit estimations, this study found that the implementation of PSBB adversely affects household economic mobility in rural districts but does not significantly affect household economic mobility in urban districts in the short run.

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