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Konversi
Published by Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
ISSN : 23023686     EISSN : 25413481     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
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Articles 247 Documents
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PEMBUATAN MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI DARI POLIMER SELULOSA ASETAT DENGAN METODE INVERSI FASA Mirwan, Agus; Indriyani, Vera; Novianty, Yunita
Konversi Vol 6, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i1.4778

Abstract

Abstrak- Pengolahan air bersih dengan teknologi membran merupakan proses pengolahan air dengan kualitas yang sangat baik dan sesuai untuk pengolahan air minum di negara-negara berkembang karena membran memiliki banyak sekali keunggulan. Salah satu jenis operasi pemisahan membran adalah dengan membran ultrafiltrasi. Ultrafiltrasi merupakan proses penyaringan partikel-partikel dalam rentang ukuran koloid, yaitu larutan dan molekul besar ditahan dipermukaan membran dan zat terlarut dengan ukuran sangat kecil dapat melewati membran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi % berat dimetilformamida pada pembuatan membran ultrafiltrasi yang terbaik. Membran ultrafiltrasi ini dibuat dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi aditif dimetilformamida yang berfungsi untuk penentuan ukuran pori membran dan konsentrasi aseton. Pencampuran bahan dilakukan dengan pengadukan selama ± 6 jam, hasil cetakan film polimer dikoagulasi selama 1 jam dalam air es (± 4°C) kemudian dicuci dengan air mengalir dan disimpan dalam wadah yang diberi formalin. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian pada membran tersebut menggunakan air gambut dimana permeat yang dihasilkan di ukur volumenya setiap selang waktu 5 menit untuk menentukan fluks membrannya. Kemudian dilakukan analisa terhadap konsentrasi permeat  untuk menentukan koefisien rejeksi, di mana rejeksi yang diharapkan adalah > 90%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, membran ultrafiltrasi yang terbaik adalah membran dengan komposisi % berat dimetilformamida 20; 24 dan 28 dimana koefisien rejeksi rata-rata yang diperoleh masing-masing adalah 98,15; 92,80 dan 95,41%. Kata kunci: dimetilformamida, koefisien rejeksi, fluks Abstract-Clean water treatment with membrane technology is a water treatment process with very good quality and suitable for drinking water treatment in developing countries because the membrane has a lot of advantages. One type of membrane separation operation is with ultrafiltration membranes. Ultrafiltration is a process of filtering particles in the size range of colloids, namely liquid while large molecules detained on the surface of the membrane and the solute with very small size can pass through the membrane. The purpose of this study was to determine the best composition of %wt of dimethylformamide in the manufacture of ultrafiltration membranes. Ultrafiltration membrane is made by varying the concentration of the additive of  dimethylformamide which serves for the determination of membrane pore size and the concentration of acetone. Mixing materials done by stirring for ± 6 hours, polymer film printouts is coagulated  for 1 hour in ice water (± 4 ° C) and then washed with running water and stored in a container containing formalin. Then conducted testing on the membrane using peat water where permeate that generated is measured the volume of each interval of 5 minutes to determine the membrane flux. Then analyzing the concentration of permeate to determine the coefficient of rejection, where the expected rejection is> 90%. Based on the research results, the best ultrafiltration membrane was membrane with  composition wt% of dimethylformamide of 20; 24 and 28, where rejection coefficient average respectively was 98.15; 92.80 and 95.41%. Keywords: dimethylformamide, rejection coefficient, flux
THE PAPER CHARACTERISTICS FROM COMBINATION OF RICE HUSKS AND EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES Ristianingsih, Yuli; Islami, Hero; Sarwani, Muhammad
Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4759

Abstract

Abstract- Rice husk and empty fruit bunches are agricultural and plantation wastes which have fiber cellulose and hemicellulose, it can be converted to pulp and paper. This research aims to study the effect of NaOH concentration (2, 4, 6 and 8% w/v) and raw material composition to pulp yield and to study characteristics of the paper combination of rice husk and empty fruit bunches using soda process based on SEM and XRD analysis.  This research using soda process because it is suitable for non-wood raw materials, low cost operations and not use sulfur compounds. Dry raw materials are mixed with NaOH and digesting using autoclave (100°C, 1 atm) for 60 minutes. NaOH concentration optimum used in the pulping process a combination rice husk and empty fruit bunches (1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) and then cooled for 30 minutes. Pulp is bleached with NaClO 5.25% (v / v), then formed and dried as paper. The lowest pulp yield obtained in a ratio of 2: 1 is 27.6%. Based on the observation of SEM known the fiber of rice husk and empty fruit bunches is 5.88 to 9.8 μm and 8.82 to 14.71 μm, while based on XRD observations, chemical treatment can improve the characteristic of peak intensity on paper combination. The highest advances of peak intensity in the 1:3 ratio is 71.28% (cellulose I)  dan  83.33% (cellulose II).                                                                                                                    Keywords: rice husk, empty fruit bunches, chemical pulping, soda process 
PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN BIOAKTIVATOR EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) Nur, Thoyib; Noor, Ahmad Rizali; Elma, Muthia
Konversi Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Oktober 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i2.4766

Abstract

Abstrak- Pembuatan pupuk organik cair khususnya dari sampah organik rumah tangga dengan penambahan bioaktivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu pembuatan terhadap kandungan N, P, K, dan C dalam pupuk organik cair, serta menentukan pengaruh bioaktivator EM4 terhadap kandungan N, P, K, dan C dalam pupuk organik cair. Metode pembuatan pupuk organik cair ini yaitu sampah organik rumah tangga seperti sisa sayuran, kulit buah, dan lainnya dipisahkan dari sampah anorganik. Kemudian bioaktivator EM4 disiapkan didalam sprayer. Sampah organik dirajang dan dimasukkan ke dalam komposter, larutan bioaktivator EM4  kemudian disemprotkan ke dalam komposter secara merata. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan variasi waktu 11 hari, 14 hari dan 17 hari serta variasi penambahan jumlah bioaktivator sebanyak 5 mL, 10 mL, dan 15 mL. Parameter yang diuji adalah nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), kalium (K), dan karbon (C). Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembuatan pupuk organik cair dengan variasi waktu dan variasi penambahan volume EM4  efektif dalam meningkatkan kadar N, P, dan C. Di mana nilai kandungan N, P terbesar masing-masing pada hari ke 17 sebesar 0,205 %, dan 0,0074 %, sedangkan kadar C terbesar pada hari ke 14 sebesar 0,336 % . Sedangkan pada penambahan volume EM4 kandungan N, P, C terbesarnya  terdapat pada penambahan volume EM4 sebesar 15 mL masing-masing senilai 0,191 %, 0,128 % dan 0,382 %. Semakin lama proses pengomposan dan semakin besar penambahan volume EM4 cenderung menurunkan kadar K. Kata kunci:  pupuk organik cair, effective microrganisms, komposter. Abstract- Manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer especially from organic garbage of household with addition of Bioactivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) aims to determine the influence of duration of the process of making a liquid organic fertilizer to the content of N, P, K, and C in a liquid organic fertilizer, and determine the influence of the addition of bioactivator EM4 in the process of making a liquid organic fertilizer to the content of N, P, K, and C in a liquid organic fertilizer. The organic garbage of household is separated from inorganic garbage. Then prepared  bioaktivator EM4 in  sprayer. Organic garbage is cutted entered into composter, then biocktivator sollution sprayed into composter. Intake of sample done pursuant to time variable 11, 14 and 17 days and also variation of addition of amount of bioactivator counted 5 mL, 10 mL, and 15 mL. Parameter which in test are nitrogen (N), phospor (P), kalium (K), and carbon (C). The results indicate that the process of making a liquid organic fertilizer with time variation and addition variation of EM4 effective in increasing the content of N, P, and C. Where the largest value of the content of N, P on day 17th of 0.205% and 0.0074% respectively, while the largest content of C at day 14th of 0.336%. While the addition of volume EM4, the largest content of N, P, C is on addition of volume EM4 of 15 mL at 0.191%, 0.128% and 0.382% respectively. The longer process of composting and the greater addition of volume EM4 tends to reduce the content of K. Keywords: liquid organic fertilizer, effective microrganisms, composter.
EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE AND ACTIVATION TIME OF ZEOLITE TO ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION OF NH4OH AND KCL AS MODEL OF FERTILIZER-ZEOLITE MIX Bimantio, Muhammad Prasanto
Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4758

Abstract

Abstract - Zeolites can be used as adsorbent, ion exchange, catalyst, or catalyst carrier. Application of fertilizer use in the zeolite also be one of the interesting topic. Zeolites in a mixture of fertilizer can use to control the release of nutrients. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of grain size and time of the activation of zeolite to adsorption and desorption of NH4OH and KCl as modeling of ZA and KCl fertilizer, to obtain the value of adsorption rate constant (ka) and desorption rate constant (kd). This research procedure include: the process of adsorption by adding zeolite with various size and time of activation into a sealed beaker glass and let the adsorption process occurs for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the solution was filtered, the zeolite then put in 100 ml of aquadest into a sealed beaker glass and let the desorption process happened for another 24 hours. Three samples with the largest difference solution concentrations looked for the value of the ka and kd. Zeolite configuration with the largest ka is trialed with fertilizer and compared with the value of ka obtained from modeling. The result for NH4OH adsorbate, -50+60 mesh 2 hours configuration zeolite give the largest ka. For KCl adsorbate, -30+40 mesh 4 hours configuration zeolite give the largest ka. The value between modeling and trials with fertilizers are not much different. Keywords: zeolite, ZA fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, mathematical modelling.
CRUDE BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM RUBBER SEED OIL Wicakso, Doni Rahmat; Najma, Anniy Nurin; Retnowati, Diah Ayu
Konversi Vol 7, No 1 (2018): ARTICLE IN PRESS
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v7i1.4872

Abstract

Abstract-Biodiesel is a diesel engine fuel made from oil containing triglycerides as well as rubber seed oil. This research  aims to study how the extraction process of rubber seed oil, to know the effect of crude biodiesel manufacturing process by transesterification and esterification-transesterification and the addition of different catalysts on the transesterification process of crude biodiesel produced. Esterification process use H2SO4 catalyst and transesterification process use KOH and NaOH catalyst. The process of making crude biodiesel done by transesterification and can also by the merging of esterification-transesterification process. Based on this research, yield of crude biodiesel produced by transesterfication and esterification-transesterification by using NaOH catalyst is 38% and 75,6%, while yielded by KOH catalyst is 22,5% and 80%. While the acid number obtained from the transesterification process and esterification-transesterification using KOH catalyst is the same that is 1.33 and for the NaOH catalyst is 1,83 and 1,68. Saponification number obtained from both processes using KOH catalysts were 24,68 and 26,37 and for NaOH catalysts were 18,51 and 20,20.  Keywords: Rubber seed oil, crude biodiesel, acid number, saponification number. 
HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS SAMPAH BUAH-BUAHAN MENJADI GLUKOSA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL Hidayati, Rima Nurul; Qudsi, Parsiah; Wicakso, Doni Rahmat
Konversi Vol 5, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i1.4773

Abstract

Abstrak- Sampah buah-buahan merupakan bahan baku yang sangat berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol karena mengandung gula dan pati. Ada tiga tahap dalam proses pembuatan bioetanol yaitu hidrolisis, fermentasi, dan pemurnian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses hidrolisis enzimatis dari sampah buah dalam rangka produksi bioetanol, mempelajari pengaruh suhu pada kinerja enzim alpha amilase terhadap kadar gula yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis enzimatis, dan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan enzim gluko amilase terhadap kadar gula yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis enzimatis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap. Pertama, analisis bahan baku yaitu menghitung kadar airnya dengan memanaskan sampel menngunakan oven pada suhu 100°C selama 1 jam berulang-ulang sampai beratnya konstan kemudian menganalisis kadar pati yang terkandung dalam sampah buah-buahan dengan metode Luff Schoorl. Kedua, menghidrolisis 60 g sampah buah dan 1 mL enzim alpha amilase dalam 400 mL air selama 1 jam selanjutnya proses sacharifikasi pada suhu 55°C selama ½ jam. Ketiga, menganalisis kadar gula hasil hidrolisis dengan cara menitrasi terhadap fehling A dan B yang sudah distandarisasi sebelumnya sampai terbentuk endapan merah bata. Proses hidrolisis enzimatis pada sampah buah-buahan dilakukan dengan dua langkah yaitu proses gelatinasi dan proses sakarifikasi. Pada proses gelatinasi, enzim alpha amilase bekerja maksimal pada suhu 95°C. Hidrolisis enzimatis dari 60 g sampah buah-buahan, 400 mL aquadest, 1 mL alpha amilase pada suhu 95°C menghasilkan konsentrasi gula optimum dengan penambahan 6 mL gluko amilase pada suhu 55°C. Kata kunci: alpha amilase, gluko amilase, proses sakarifikasi. Abstract- Fruits garbage is very potential raw material to produce bioethanol because containing sugar and starch. There is three step in bioethanol making process,  first hydrolysis, then fermentation and the last purification. The research objective was to learn enzymatic hydrolysis process from fruits garbage in order to bioethanol production, learning the temperature influence to alpha amylase enzyme performance toward sugar rate yielded from enzymatic hydrolysis and learning influence gluco amylase enzyme addition toward sugar rate yielded from enzymatic hydrolysis. The research was run with some step. First, analysis the raw material that was calculating its water contents by heating the sample used oven at temperature 100oC during 1 hour, then repeating until weight constant, then analysing the strach rate which contain in fruits garbage by luff schoorl method. Second, hydrolysing 60 g of fruits garbage and 1 mL of alpha amylase enzyme in 400 mL aquadest during 1 hour, then sacharification process at temperatur 55oC during ½ hour. Third analysing sugar rate from hydrolysis yielded with titration method toward fehling A and B which has been standaritation, till formed a sorrel sediment. Enzymatic hydrolysis process from fruits garbage was run with two step, there is gelatination process and sacarification process.  In gelatination process, alpha amylase enzyme is work maximal at temperature 95oC. Enzymatic hydrolysis from 60 g of fruits garbage, 400 mL of aquadest, 1 mL of alpha amylase at temperature 95oC yielding optimum sugar rate by addition 6 mL of gluco amylase at temperature 55oC.  Keywords: alpha amylase, gluco amylase, sacharification process
EFEKTIVITAS ADSORPSI LOGAM Pb2+ DAN Cd2+ MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA ADSORBEN CANGKANG TELUR AYAM Ibnu Hajar, Erna Wati; Sitorus, Reny Suryani; Mulianingtias, Novi; Welan, Fransiska Jawa
Konversi Vol 5, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i1.4771

Abstract

Abstrak-Cangkang telur merupakan bagian terluar dari telur yang berfungsi memberikan perlindungan bagi komponen-komponen isi telur dari kerusakan secara fisik, kimia maupun mikrobiologis. Setiap cangkang telur memiliki 10.000-20.000 pori-pori sehingga diperkirakan dapat menyerap suatu solute dan dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menjerap logam seperti Pb2+ dan Cd2+. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas cangkang telur ayam sebagai adsorben dengan variasi waktu kontak yaitu 15, 30, 45 menit dan perbedaan massa adsorben yaitu 3, 6, dan 9 gram, serta untuk mengetahui model kinetika adsorpsi yang tepat pada penjerapan logam Pb2+ dan Cd2+. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengecilan ukuran cangkang telur ayam menjadi 200 mesh, kemudian dilakukan aktivasi kimia dengan merendam cangkang telur ayam dengan larutan HCl 0,1 M. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses adsorpsi dengan mengontakkan adsorben dengan larutan sampel berdasarkan perbedaan waktu dan massa adsorben, konsentrasi larutan hasil adsorpsi kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa % efektivitas penjerapan Pb2+ tertinggi yang dapat dihasilkan dari adsorben cangkang telur ayam yaitu 91,1242% pada berat adsorben 9 gram dengan waktu pengontakan 15 menit, sedangkan pada penjerapan Cd2+ yang dapat dihasilkan dari adsorben cangkang telur ayam yaitu 99,9515% pada berat adsorben 9 gram dengan waktu pengontakan 15 menit. Kinetika adsorpsi penjerapan Pb2+ pada 3, 6, dan 9 gram mengikuti model kinetika orde 2, sedangkan kinetika adsorpsi penjerapan Cd2+ pada 3 gram mengikuti model kinetika orde 0. Kata kunci: Cangkang Telur Ayam, Efektivitas, Kinetika Adsorpsi Abstract-An egg shells is the part of the egg which serves to provide protection for the components of the egg contents from damage because of physical, chemical and microbiological activity. Egg shells has 10,000-20,000 pores that are expected to absorb a solute and can be used as adsorbent to adsorb metals ion such as Pb2+ and Cd2+. The aims of this study were to examine the effectivity of chicken egg shells as adsorbent by variation of contacting time ie 15, 30, 45 mins and the difference in mass of adsorbent which are 3, 6  and 9 grams, as well as to determine the kinetics model of adsorption on metal ion of Pb2+ and Cd2+. This study begins with downsizing the size of chicken egg shells become to 200 mesh, then was performed a chemical activation by soaking the chicken egg shells with 0.1 M HCl. The adsorption was performed by contacting the adsorbent with a solution of the sample is based on the contacting time and mass of adsorbent, the concentration of the resulting solution adsorption then analyzed by AAS. The results showed that the % effectiveness adsorption of the Pb2+ highest that can be produced from chicken egg shells adsorbent that is 91.1242% by weight of 9 gram adsorbent by contacting time 15 mins, while on the adsorption Cd2+ can be produced from chicken egg shells adsorbent is 99.9515% on the weight of the adsorbent 9 grams with time contacting the 15 minutes. Pb2+ adsorption kinetics at 3, 6  and 9 grams following the second-order kinetic model, whereas the adsorption Cd2+ adsorption kinetics at 3 grams following the model zero-order kinetics. Keywords: Chicken Egg Shells, Effectiveness, Adsorption Kinetics
OPTIMIZATION OF THE ALUMINUM SULFATE AND PAC (POLY ALUMINUM CHLORIDE) COAGULANT ON TELLO RIVER WATER TREATMENT Widiyanti, Setyo Erna
Konversi Vol 7, No 1 (2018): ARTICLE IN PRESS
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v7i1.4843

Abstract

Abstract- Tello River water used by PT. PLN SULTANBATARA for sanitation and process water. One of the processs water is boiler feed water. River water has fluctuative characteristics depending on the season that occurs such as turbidity and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The presence of TSS in boiler feed water needs to be minimized as it can decrease boiler performance in generating heat. The concentration of TSS in river water can be removed by coagulation and flocculation method with the addition of coagulant. Excessive coagulant distribution will increase the concentration of dissolved solids (TDS) of water. Thus, it is necessary to determine the optimum concentration of coagulant based on initial TSS concentration of river water. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of Aluminum Sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) Coagulant in reducing TSS water of Tello River. The sample used in this research is Tello river water which has an initial TSS concentration of 150 mg/L. The coagulant used was Aluminum Sulfate and PAC with several concentration variation of 5% - 40% to the initial TSS concentration of river water. Analysis of TSS content of samples using Gravimetry method. The optimum concentration of coagulant Aluminum Sulfate and PAC was 35% and 25% to the initial TSS concentration of river water where the final concentration of TSS obtained was 20 mg/L and 15.5 mg/L with percent TSS removal of 86.67% and 89.6 %. Keywords:      Total Suspended Solid, Coagulation, Aluminium Sulfate, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC)
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH DETERJEN DENGAN METODE KOAGULASI-FLOKULASI MENGGUNAKAN KOAGULAN KAPUR DAN PAC Rahimah, Zikri; Heldawati, Heliyanur; Syauqiah, Isna
Konversi Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Oktober 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i2.4767

Abstract

Abstrak-Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  koagulan kapur atau PAC yang paling efektif pada proses koagulasi-flokulasi dari pengolahan limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry, menentukan massa optimum dari koagulan kapur atau PAC pada pengolahan limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry menggunakan proses koagulasi-flokulasi dan menentukan persen maksimum penurunan BOD dan COD pada limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry menggunakan proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Pada penelitian ini, kami menggunakan metode jartest atau metode koagulasi-flokulasi dengan menggunakan koagulan kapur dan PAC. Metode yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD ialah koagulasi yaitu dicampurkannya koagulan dengan pengadukan cepat 100 rpm selama 1 menit kemudian dengan metode flokulasi yaitu dilakukan pengadukan lambat 40 rpm selama 20 menit dan diendapkan selama 30 menit. Penentuan massa optimum dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan koagulan baik menggunkan kapur atau PAC  masing-masing sebanyak 1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr, 4 gr, 5 gr dalam 150 ml limbah deterjen buatan maupun limbah deterjen laundry. Dari variasi massa koagulan dapat diketahui persen maksimum penurunan BOD dan COD tertinggi terdapat pada koagulan kapur sebesar 12,05% dan 75% pada limbah deterjen buatan pada massa 5 gr, sedangkan pada limbah laundry sebesar 11,57%.dan 78,57% pada massa 5 gr.   Kata kunci: koagulasi-flokulasi, limbah deterjen, COD, BOD. Abstract- This research is conducted to find out the effective koagulan lime or PAC in koagulasi-flokulasi process from preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry, to determine optimum mass from koagulan lime or PAC in preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry using koagulasi-flokulasi process and to determine maximum percent the decrease of BOD and COD in preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry. In this research, we used jartest method or koagulasi-flokulasi method by using  koagulan lime or PAC. Methode that used to decrease the value of BOD and COD is koagulasi. Koagulasi is mixed koagulan and stir fast 100 rpm for one minute, then with flokulasi method, it is stir slow 40 rpm for 20 minutes and sediment, it for 30 minutes. Determine optimum mass done by add good koagulan using lime or PAC 1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr ,4 gr, 5 gr, in  waste material detergent product and waste material laundry. From the various mass koagulan know that the highest decrease maximum percent of BOD and COD in koagulan kapur is 12,05% and 75% on waste material detergent product  in 5 gr mass while waste material laundry is 11,57 % and 78,57% in 5 gr mass. Keywords: koagulasi-flokulasi, waste material detergent, COD, BOD
PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI CAMPURAN MINYAK KELAPA DAN MINYAK JELANTAH Elma, Muthia; Suhendra, Satria Anugerah; Wahyuddin, Wahyuddin
Konversi Vol 5, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i1.4772

Abstract

Abstrak-Indonesia memiliki hasil produksi buah kelapa yang hanya dimanfaatkan untuk memasak. Minyak jelantah merupakan hasil dari sisa penggorengan rumah tangga yang setelah penggunaanya menjadi limbah dan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi biodiesel dengan memanfaatkan campuran antara minyak kelapa dan minyak jelantah terhadap efek penambahan metanol dan waktu reaksi optimum dari pembuatan biodiesel. Proses produksi biodiesel dari campuran kedua bahan baku menggunakan proses dimana minyak kelapa dan minyak jelantah dicampurkan berdasarkan %-v/v dari 200 mL dengan perbandingan minyak jelantah (MJ) dan minyak kelapa (MK) yaitu 100MJ:0MK; 75MJ:25MK; 50MJ:50MK; 25MJ:75MK; dan 0MJ:100MK dengan komposisi metanol serta esterifikasi 38%; 30%; 28%; 19% serta untuk trasesterifikasi 19%; 20%; 21%; 25%. Pada reaksi esterifikasi menggunakan komposisi katalis H2SO4 0,5%, dan transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis KOH 0,9%. Yield yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah: 100MJ:0MK 92,15%; 93,65%, 75MJ:25MK (96,65%), 50MJ:50MK (95,11%), 25MJ:25MK (96,65%) dan 100MK:0MJ (82,65%). Analisa gliserol total yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah 100MJ:0M (0,19%), 75MJ:25MK (0,21%), 50MJ:50MK (0,23%) 25MJ:25MK (0,22%) dan 100MK:0MJ (0,26%). Dari hasil analisa gliserol total tersebut didapat sampel yang terbaik yakni 50MJ:50MK dengan nilai glirserol total 0,23% dengan waktu 60 menit untuk esterifikasi dan 70 menit untuk transesterifikasi, dengan analisa angka asam yang didapatkan sebesar 0,2117, angka penyabunan 198,41; ester content  yang didapat sebesar 98,163% water content untuk sebesar 0,56 ppm. Keseluruhan dari hasil analisa biodiesel tersebut memenuhi standar EN 14214.  Kata kunci: minyak kelapa, minyak jelantah, biodiesel, FFA, trigliserida, gliserol total.  Abstract-Coconut oil is normally produced as cooking oil in some areas in Indonesia. However, palm oil mostly produced by industries as vegetable/cooking oil.Waste cooking oil from palm oil becomes a big problem in the environment, and creates pollution. This research aims to use waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel by mixing waste cooking oil and coconut oil. Those mixed oils become raw materials for this proces. The composition of the mixtures are  100MJ: 0MK; 75MJ: 25MK; 50MJ: 50MK; 25MJ: 75MK; and 0MJ: 100MK (% v / v of waste cooking oil (MJ) and coconut oil (MK)).The total of 200 mL oil mixtures was used for the esterification process with methanol composition were 38%; 30%; 28%; and trans-esterification were 19%; 20%; 21%; 23%. Esterification reaction was using the 0,5% H2SO4 as a catalyst, while transesterification was using 0.9% KOH as catalyst. The yield of biodiesel this reaserch were: 100MJ: 0MK (92.15%), 75MJ: 25MK (96.65%), 50MJ: 50MK (95.11%), 25MJ: 25MK (96.65%) and 100MK: 0MJ (82.65%). Furthermore, the total glycerol values were 100MJ:0MK (0.19%), 75MJ: 25MK (0.21%), 50MJ:50MK (0.23%) 25MJ: 25MK (0.22%) and 100MK: 0MJ (0.26%). EN14214 standard shows that the best composition of mixtured oils was 50MJ:50MK. Then, the total glycerol was 0.23% (60-70 minutes for the esterification and transesterification reaction). Acid number value was 0.2117, saponification number was 198.41; ester content was 98.163% and water content was 0.56 ppm.  Keywords: coconut oil, waste cooking oil, biodiesel, FFA, triglyceride, total glycerol.

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