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Konversi
Published by Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
ISSN : 23023686     EISSN : 25413481     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
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Articles 247 Documents
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PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN NANAS DAN UMBI POHON GADUNG SEBAGAI KOAGULAN TERHADAP KUALITAS BAHAN OLAHAN KARET RAKYAT Praharnata, Praharnata; Sulistyo, Joko; Wijayanti, Hesti
Konversi Vol 5, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i1.4776

Abstract

Abstrak- Prakoagulasi lateks merupakan penggumpalan spontan lateks yang biasanya disebabkan oleh pengaruh asam, enzim dan bakteri. Bahan yang digunakan untuk mempercepat prakoagulasi sering dikenal sebagai koagulan. Beberapa penduduk di Kalimantan Selatan menggunakan beberapa koagulan alami yang tidak banyak dikenal seperti umbi akar pohon gadung dan tongkol nanas, sehingga dalam penelitian ini kami ingin mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai penggunaan koagulan alami ini, mengamati dan membandingkan kualitas karet yang dihasilkan. Percobaan dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan pada sampel lateks yang telah dicampurkan dengan koagulan yang telah divariasi, penelitian ini mencoba meniru cara pengolahan karet remah kering, sehigga sampel karet yang dibuat memiliki sifat teknis yang dapat diuji. Adapun uji yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini antara lain; uji prakoagulasi dengan koagulan yang bervariasi, uji prakoagulasi dengan dosis koagulan yang divariasikan, uji prakoagulasi lateks dengan air sisa prakoagulasi awal dan uji sifat teknis karet. Dari hasil analisa sampel gadung diperoleh kadar nitrogen karet sebesar 0,22 %, Po 31, dan PRI 76, pada sampel nanas diperoleh kadar nitrogen sebesar 0,24%, Po 21,5 dan PRI 56. Kata kunci: Prakoagulasi, lateks, koagulan, enzim, bakteri Abstract- Latex precoagulation is a spontaneous clot of latex that is usually caused by the effects of acids, enzymes and bacteria. Materials used to make precoagulation faster known as a coagulant. Some people in South Kalimantan using some natural coagulant that is not widely known as a gadung tree root and pineapple cob, so in this study we wanted to examine more deeply about the use of this natural coagulant, observe and compare the quality of rubber produced. The experiments were performed by making observations on a sample of latex was mixed with a coagulant which has been varied, this study tried to imitate the dry crumb rubber processing, so the rubber samples that created has technical properties that can be tested. The tests performed in this study were precoagulation test with varying coagulant, precoagulation test with coagulant dose varied, latex precoagulation test with waste water of early precoagulation and test of the technical properties of the rubber. From the analysis of gadung sample  obtained rubber nitrogen content of 0.22 %, Po 31, and the PRI 76, the pineapple samples obtained rubber nitrogen content of 0.24 %, 21.5 Po and the PRI 56. Keywords: Precoagulation, latex , coagulants , enzymes , bacteria  
ALUMINA RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE SLUDGE (SWS) PDAM BANJAR INTAN Sari, Retno Fitriana; Prasetyo, Winda Aryani; Mirwan, Agus
Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4754

Abstract

Abstract- Solid Waste Sludge (SWS) PDAM are formed by deposition of solid particles in water that has been given a coagulant such as alum and PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride). SWS PDAM have the content of alumina (Al2O3) is quite high, making it possible to get alumina by recovery process. This research aims to study the process of recovery of alumina from SWS PDAM and determine the condition of the process to obtain optimum alumina.The process of recovery of alumina from a material divided into three main processes. First process was calcination material to break the complex bonds aluminosilicate contained in the material, in which some compound was added before calcination and to used to bind the compound alum. The second process is the solid-liquid extraction (leaching) that serves to separate the silica and alumina. Silica will precipitate and alumina will dissolve. Next process is the decomposition of hydrolysis, the compound of Al will be heated by adding water so that the hydrated form of alumina.This research was conducted with several stages. First SWS PDAM is mixed with CaCl2, by variation ratio of CaCl2:SWS PDAM are 0,5:1, 1:1 and 1.5:1, then calcined at temperature of 800oC. Calcined particle with size 200 mesh was leached by HCl with variation concentration of 4M, 6M and 8M. Solution was added to 100ml of water and heated to 100ml left. Results were analyzed as  %w / w alumina contained in the solution. The results of the best variations made to the recovery of alumina in this study is to use a variation of weight ratio 1:1 CaCl2 and SWS PDAM with HCl concentration on the leaching process of 8M obtained alumina recovery percentage 15.68%. Key words: alumina, SWS  PDAM, calcination, leaching.
TOTAL VOLUMETRIC MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT AT CO2 GAS ABSORPTION USING K2CO3 BY MSG PROMOTER Ningsih, Erlinda; Sato, Abas; Nafiuddin, Mochammad Alfan; Putranto, Wisnu Setyo
Konversi Vol 7, No 1 (2018): ARTICLE IN PRESS
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v7i1.4844

Abstract

Abstract- One of the most widely used processes for CO2 gas removal is Absorption. Carbon dioxide is the result of the fuel combustion process which of the hazardous gases. The aim of this research is to determine the total mass transfer coefficient and analyze the effect of the absorbent flow rate of the absorbent solution with the promoter and the gas flow rate to the total mass transfer coefficient value. The variables consisted of liquid flow rate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 liter/min, gas flow rate: 15, 25, 30, 40, 50 liter/min and MSG concentration: 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% by weight. The solution of Pottasium Carbonate as absorbent with MSG promoter is flowed through top column and CO2 gas flowed from bottom packed column. Liquids were analyzed by titration and the gas output was analyzed by GC. From this research, it is found that the flow rate of gas and the liquid flow rate is directly proportional to the value of KGa. The liquid flow rate variable 5 liters / minute, gas flow rate 15 l / min obtained value of KGa 11,1102 at concentration of MSG 5%. Keywords:  Absorption, CO2,  K2CO3, MSG. 
ADSORPTION OF TOFU WASTE USING WATER HYACINTH LEAVES POWDER FOR DECREASING BOD AND COD Wicakso, Doni Rahmat; Koswartin, Tutang Kania; Hardianto, Wahyu
Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4753

Abstract

Abstract- Water hyacinth leaves can be utilized in the process of adsorbing organic substances. This study aims to determine the decrease of COD and BOD maximum levels, the optimum mass of water hyacinth leaves powder that used and the optimum adsorption time. This research was done by adsorbing the tofu waste using adsorbent from water hyacinth leaves powder. Adsorption process used the adsorbent mass variation of 2.8; 3.2; 3,4 and 4 gram, and variation of adsorption time is 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results of adsorption process are then centrifuged, the residue and filtrate will be separated. Then calculated the value of BOD and COD from the filtrate. The decreasing in COD levels in the variation of mass obtained 0; 13.63%; 27.27%; 27.27% and 40.91%, while the decreasing in BOD content was 0; 33.33%; 46.67%; 55.56%; and 73,33%, indicating that the more adsorbent in the tofu waste will decrease the value of BOD and COD while the decreasing of the level will be bigger. The optimum mass analysis results obtained 4 grams on the decrease of BOD and COD. The optimum time of adsorption at COD was 30 minutes while there’s no equilibrium in BOD.  Keywords: biomass, water hyacinth leaves, tofu waste. 
UTILIZATION OF CASSAVA WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PLYWOOD ADHESIVE EKSTENDER WITH DEXTRIN (WITH ACID CATALYST) Rukmini, Piyantina
Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4756

Abstract

Abstract- Require of manihot Esculinta Crantz in Indonesia rises in every year as growth of Indonesian people, bioethanol industry,and animal food.  Raw material that use in this research is cassava wastes.  This research aimed to know the utilization of cassava waste,  the  optimum condition  process of  dextrin, and  to know the variable that influent the utilization of cassava waste in the production of adhesive ekstender ( catalyst  concentration and time).  The dekstrin process need beaker glass, stirrer, electric stove with oilbatch heater, thermometer, screening 80 mesh. Cassava wastes  that keep on several days is burned without water  at 800 C for  1 hours.  Then drops  acid catalyst ion the beaker glass  with different  concentration.  Then the temperature is raised until 1100C for 1 hour.  After the drying process, make it cool then screen it in to screener 80 mesh.  The results  show that on the higher concentration of acid, dextrin will get on the higher concentration.  At the certain concentration of acid, dekstrin will not get in the high  concentration.  Maximum efficiency of the concentration of acid  is 0,8 N.  Keeping long  day for  cassava waste can make lower the concentration of dextrin.  The best keeping day is the first day until four day.   Keywords: Cassava waste, dextrin, ekstender, wood adhesion
SISTEM PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM SEDERHANA (PORTABLE WATER TREATMENT) Syauqiah, Isna; Wiyono, Noerhadi; Faturrahman, Arief
Konversi Vol 6, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i1.4777

Abstract

Abstrak- Air merupakan kebutuhan yang paling utama bagi makhluk hidup. Belakangan ini timbul masalah yang sangat krusial yaitu sulit untuk mendapatkan air bersih dan layak untuk dikonsumsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui keefektifan alat dalam mengolah air sungai menjadi air minum dan mengetahui waktu optimum dalam pengolahan air. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap. Pertama yaitu perancangan portable water treatment itu sendiri yaitu dengan membuat kolom-kolom aerasi, kolom filtrasi, kolom adsorpsi, dan kolom desinfeksi yang mana alat-alat tersebut dibuat bongkar pasang. Kedua, yaitu pengoptimasian alat-alat yang bertujuan untuk menentukan waktu dan volume optimum masing-masing alat. Sehingga akan didapatkan waktu dan volume optimum untuk alat secara keseluruhan. Ketiga, hasil analisa air sungai Martapura. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat bahwa desain alat ini kurang efektif dengan kondisi kualitas sungai air Martapura untuk diolah menjadi air minum yang biasa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sekitar karena kualitas air minum yang dihasilkan belum mencapai standar baku mutu air minum yang ditetapkan. Waktu optimum untuk alat ini adalah 135 s dengan lama desinfeksi selama 2 menit dan volume optimum air masuk adalah sebesar 2 L Kata kunci: aerasi, filtrasi, desinfeksi  Abstract- Water is the most important thing for living. Lately it is difficult to get clean water and suitable for consumption. This research aims to knowing the tool effectiveness in processing river water into drinking water and knowing the optimum time in water treatment. This research was conducted in several stages. First is the design of portable water treatment itself is by making the columns of aeration, filtration column, adsorption column, and columns where the desinfection equipment are separated. Second, the optimizing tools that aim to determine the optimum time and volume of each instrument. So it will be obtained the optimum time and volume for whole instrument. Third, the analysis results of Martapura river. Based on research results obtained that the design of this tool is less effective with the quality of Martapura river water conditions to be processed into drinking water that is usually consumed by people around because the quality of drinking water that produced has not reached the standard of specified drinking water quality standard. Optimum time for this tool is 135 s with a desinfection time  for 2 minutes and the optimum volume of entering water amounts to 2 L Keywords: aeration, filtration, desinfection
PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI ADSORBEN BIJI TREMBESI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM KROMIUM (Cr) TOTAL PADA LIMBAH INDUSTRI SASIRANGAN Hayati, Gusti Indah; Pertiwi, Bunga; Ristianingsih, Yuli
Konversi Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Oktober 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i2.4760

Abstract

Abstrak- Proses pembuatan kain sasirangan menghasilkan limbah cair yang berasal dari proses pewarnaan dan pencelupan kain. Salah satu polutan yang terkandung pada limbah cair industri sasirangan adalah logam Cr. Reduksi logam Cr total limbah cair industri sasirangan dilakukan dengan proses adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben dari biji Trembesi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi adsorben 1, 2, 3 dan 4% w/v terhadap proses reduksi logam Cr total industri sasirangan. Variasi konsentrasi adsorben yang digunakan sebesar 1 g/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL, 3 g/100 mL dan 4 g/100 mL limbah sasirangan dengan pengadukan selama 30 menit pada 100 rpm suhu 55oC dengan ukuran adsorben 250 mikron. Proses pirolisis berlangsung selama 5 jam dengan suhu operasi 450oC. Adsorben diaktifkan menggunakan HCl 0,1 N yang berlangsung selama 24 jam. Analisa yang dilakukan yaitu ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) untuk mengetahui kadar logam yang masih tersisa didalam limbah setelah dilakukannya proses adsorpsi. Semakin banyak jumlah adsorben yang ditambahkan maka penurunan konsentrasi logam Cr dalam air limbah semakin besar. Hasil penelitian diperoleh penurunan konsentrasi logam Cr maksimum sebesar 82,65%. Konsentrasi logam Cr mula-mula pada limbah cair kain sasirangan sebesar 2 ppm dan penurunan konsentrasi logam Cr maksimum pada penambahan adsorben 2 g sebesar 0,347 ppm. Kata kunci: biji Trembesi, logam Cr, pirolisis. Abstract- The production process of sasirangan fabric produced liquid waste from dyeing and coloring process. One of the pollutant that contained in liquid waste was chrom metal. Reduction of Cr metal from sasirangan industrial liquid waste used tamarind (trembesi) seeds as the adsorbent. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of adsorbent concentration 1; 2; 3 and 4 % w/v to reduction of Cr metal in sasirangan industry. Variation of adsorbent concentration that used 1 g/100 ml, 2 g/100 ml, 3 g/100 ml and 4 g/100 ml Sasirangan liquid waste by stirring for 30 minutes in 100 rpm at 55oC and the size of adsorbent was 250 micron. The pyrolisis process had setting at 450oC temperatures for 5 hours operation. Adsorbent was activated by HCl 0.1N for 24 hours. Chrom  metal residu which contained in sasirangan waste was analyzed using ICP (inductively coupled plasma). This analysis aims to determine residual chrom metal concentration in sasirangan industries after adsorption process. The greater adsorbent was added at adsorption process, the less residual chrom metal concentration which contained in sasirngan waste. The results of this research showed that adsorbent can decrease Cr metal up to 80.65%. The initial concentration of Cr metal in sasirangan waste was 2 ppm and the decreasing of Cr metal maximum remaining was 0.347 ppm at 2 g adsorbent.Keywords: Tamarind seeds, Cr metal, pyrolisis. 
KINETIKA PENJERAPAN SIMULTAN KROMIUM(III) DAN NATRIUM MENGGUNAKAN AMBERLITE IR-120 H (TINJAUAN PENGARUH SUHU) Iqbal Haitami; Panut Mulyono; Muslikhin Hidayat
Konversi Vol 7, No 2 (2018): Oktober 2018
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v7i2.6493

Abstract

Abstrak - Limbah cair yang mengandung Cr(III) dan Na secara bersamaan sering dijumpai pada hasil kegiatan industri, terutama industri penyamakan kulit. Cr(III) yang merupakan logam berbahaya harus dapat dihilangkan dari limbah cair tersebut. Salah satu metode yang efektif digunakan untuk menangani pencemaran Cr(III) dalam limbah cair adalah pertukaran ion menggunakan resin penukar ion. Prinsip metode ini, yaitu menukarkan ion yang tersedia pada resin penukar ion dengan ion-ion yang berada di sekitarnya. Kehadiran Na dalam larutan tempat dijerapnya Cr(III) dengan menggunakan Amberlite IR-120 H, membuat fenomena ini tergolong sebagai penjerapan multikomponen. Dalam hal ini, penjerapan Cr(III) dan Na oleh Amberlite IR-120 H terjadi secara bersama-sama (simultan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari laju penjerapan simultan yang terjadi pada berbagai suhu. Di samping itu, ingin dikembangkan model matematis untuk mendekati kinetika penjerapan simultan yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu, maka akan semakin besar laju penjerapan simultan Cr(III) dan Na. Kecenderungan yang sama ditunjukkan oleh nilai konstanta kinetika yang semakin besar seiring meningkatnya suhu. Model matematis yang disusun berdasarkan persamaan laju reaksi cukup sesuai untuk mendekati kinetika penjerapan simultan ini. Berdasarkan nilai energi aktivasi sebesar 56,735 kJ/mol untuk penjerapan Cr(III) yang terjadi, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa laju reaksi adalah laju yang mengontrol proses.Kata kunci: Kromium(III), penjerapan, kinetika, Amberlite IR-120 H, simultan
OPTIMIZATION OF THE ALUMINUM SULFATE AND PAC (POLY ALUMINUM CHLORIDE) COAGULANT ON TELLO RIVER WATER TREATMENT Setyo Erna Widiyanti
Konversi Vol 7, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v7i1.4843

Abstract

Abstract- Tello River water used by PT. PLN SULTANBATARA for sanitation and process water. One of the process's water is boiler feed water. River water has fluctuative characteristics depending on the season that occurs such as turbidity and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The presence of TSS in boiler feed water needs to be minimized as it can decrease boiler performance in generating heat. The concentration of TSS in river water can be removed by coagulation and flocculation method with the addition of coagulant. Excessive coagulant distribution will increase the concentration of dissolved solids (TDS) of water. Thus, it is necessary to determine the optimum concentration of coagulant based on initial TSS concentration of river water. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of Aluminum Sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) Coagulant in reducing TSS water of Tello River. The sample used in this research is Tello river water which has an initial TSS concentration of 150 mg/L. The coagulant used was Aluminum Sulfate and PAC with several concentration variation of 5% - 40% to the initial TSS concentration of river water. Analysis of TSS content of samples using Gravimetry method. The optimum concentration of coagulant Aluminum Sulfate and PAC was 35% and 25% to the initial TSS concentration of river water where the final concentration of TSS obtained was 20 mg/L and 15.5 mg/L with percent TSS removal of 86.67% and 89.6 %. Keywords:      Total Suspended Solid, Coagulation, Aluminium Sulfate, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC)
TEKNOLOGI MEMBRAN ORGANO-SILICA UNTUK DESALINASI AIR ASAM TAMBANG Muthia Elma; Norlian Ledyana Sari; Dhimas Ari Pratomo
Konversi Vol 8, No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i1.6508

Abstract

Abstrak- Pengolahan air asam tambang merupakan pengolahan air yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk membantu ketersediaan air bersih. Teknologi pengolahan air ini salah satunya adalah menggunakan teknologi membran (membran organo-silica) secara teknik desalinasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan performansi organo silica membrane menggunakan katalis organik. Untuk membuat thin film sebagai pelapis membran digunakan metode sol-gel dengan precursor tetra ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Thin film ini selanjutnya di dipcoating ke membrane support sebanyak 4 layer dan dikalsinasi pada suhu 200, 250 dan 600 oC. Teknik desalinasi yang digunakan adalah berupa proses pervaporasi dengan menggunakan artificial brine water (5%, 7,5%, 10% dan 15%) sebagai air umpan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai water flux adalah sebesar 0.39; 0.44 dan 0.82 kg m-2 h-1  (untuk thin film membran yang menggunakan suhu 50oC) dengan nilai salt rejection sebesar ~100 % untuk setiap membran. Nilai water flux ini berturut-turut untuk membran yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 200, 250 dan 600 oC). Dari hasil water flux dan salt rejection diketahui bawa membran yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600oC memberikan nilai water flux tertinggi walaupun semua membrane memberikan nilai salt rejection yang mendekati 100%). Jenis membrane ini berkemungkinan memberikan ukuran pori-pori yang agak besar karena kandungan carbon yang sudah terikat pada struktur silika sudah terdekomposisi sempurna pada suhu tinggi, sehingga menambah besar ukuran pori-pori dari struktur silika. Ukuran pori-pori ini menyebabkan nilai water flux menjadi lebih tinggi. Kata kunci: brine water, flux, reflux, salt rejection, pervaporasi

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