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IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM TERPADU AL-MADINAH KEBUMEN TAHUN 2014 Yunus, Akhmat
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 16, No. 2, Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v16i2.1853

The emergence of the phenomenon of moral degradation in 2010 among the general public as well as in education begin much talked about character education. Many media and education experts, and community leaders recommended that character education is effective immediately. The basic reason for the character education used as the basis for forming a national development vision is to realize public morals, moral, ethical, cultural, and based on the philosophy of Pancasila. This study aims to explain the implementation of character education in the learning process in SDIT Al-Madinah Kebumen and identify constraints implementation of character education in learning, and provide solutions that done to solve the problems. This study included field research in the SDIT Al-Madinan Kebumen in 2013. The subject of research from the Principal and Elementary School Teacher in SDIT Al-Madinah Kebumen. Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis performed in this study is an interactive model of data analysis techniques with encounters between data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification of data. The research concludes that the implementation of character SDIT Al-Madinah Kebumen in the learning process has the advantage of adding the value of faith and the character-based monotheism conducted through three stages: (1) Phase formulation character which teachers formulate a list of 18 characters in SDIT Al - Madina Kebumen and distribution character, (2) Phase understanding of the character, namely schools and KKG organizes workshops that discuss the character that has been agreed on the list of characters and character distribution, (3) The planning stage of implementation of character education. Constraints Implementation of Character Education in Learning SDIT Al-Madinah Kebumen 2014 is the sequence of learning much so reducing in the implementation of character education, a lack of understanding of teachers to the formulation of the foundation of monotheism theme, the lack of cooperation between teachers and pupils, differences in parenting between home and schools, and the lack of support the behavior of people living environment of students. Solutions are formulated is the development of a maximum of two characters in each lesson, designing learning activities fun and appreciation for pupils, schools conduct coordination meetings, evaluation, and training for teachers, schools carry out the forum event class and memorandum communication relating to equalization understanding of the program, school organize parent training programs are more effective, in organizing the school community education programs, such as training stages of child development and the principle of caring.Keywords: implementation; character education; leaning.

KRITIK ISLAM TERHADAP KONSEP MARXISME TENTANG PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN Bahtiyar, Eko; M. Mu’inudinillah, M. Mu’inudinillah; Hidayat, Syamsul
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 16, No. 2, Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v16i2.1846

As a social reality, poverty can’t be eliminated in absolute terms, but can be addressed and improved quality so it does not destroy humanity. Poverty as a reality of life is always described as a state of life that lacked, weak and helpless to meet their needs, both in terms of spiritual and material. The purpose of this study was to conceptualize poverty according to Marxism, and also to criticize that concept from Islam viewpoint as a religion. This study includes the type library research (library research), such as; the data and study materials including used from literature sources, either in the form of books, encyclopedias, journals, magazines, newspapers, and other papers. The form of this research is descriptive-comparative-analytical. So I can describe comprehensively thought Marxism and Islamic Thought about poverty alleviation. Discussion of the analysis of research conducted that research results obtained to alleviate poverty Marxist group should abolish bourgeois classes, banning private ownership, provocative investigation of the proletariat to the bourgeoisie attack, creating a battle between classes with spreading malice and hostility. Marx also consider religion and the state as a tool used by the borgeosie to increase their profits. All theories owned Marx is wrong and irrelevant to the truth. Islam stricly prohibitsthe hostilities and the destruction of certain communities. Islam also recognizes the right of property ownership. Goverment and religious factors also have an important rolein poverty alleviation. Islam teaches poor classes for hard-working, for the rich classes to tithe and cooperation between two classes. Keywords: poverty; marxism; Islam.

PEMIKIRAN K.H. AHMAD DAHLAN TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 6 YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2014/2015 Ahmad, Fandi
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 16, No. 2, Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v16i2.1854

The objective of this research is to describes K.H. Ahmad Dahlan’s thought of Muhammadiyah education and related to evaluating implementation about K.H. Ahmad Dahlan's thought in SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Yogyakarta. The concept of Muhammadiyah education whose pioneered by K.H. Ahmad Dahlan apply holistic education. The education which combines general and religious education in the curriculum. This education will generate student who not only excellent in general knowledge but also in religious knowledge. By means of this research, researchers wanted to knowing the concept of Muhammadiyah education and that implementation in SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Yogyakarta. The data collected though interview to information resources, observation, and documentation study will be analyzed by qualitatively and descriptive served. Based on the results of descriptive analyzed revealed that the K.H. Ahmad Dahlan’s thought of Muhammadiyah education denote combines general education with religious education into a single unit are inseparable from one each other. Hence, this concept of Muhammadiyah education whose pioneered by K.H. Ahmad Dahlan not yet implementation in SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Yogyakarta because of the teachers still understand about the concept of Muhammadiyah education.Keywords: education; implementation; Muhammadiyah

PENGANTAR REDAKSI Profetika, Redaksi
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v19i2.8126

Penantar Redaksi

PENANAMAN PENDIDIKAN LIFE SKILL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN SANTRI BARU DI PONDOK MODERN GONTOR PUTRA II PONOROGO Niam, Muhammad Nizhomun
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v19i2.8116

The aims of this study are to describe the cultivation of life skill education to improve new students’ independence in Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putra (PMDG) II, Madusari, Siman, Ponorogo Year 2017/2018. The discussion of this study covers the strategy, implementation, also the obstacles and the supporting factors. The type of this study is qualitative research. The subjects of this study are consists of the head master of PMDG, the director of KMI, the teachers, and the students of PMDG Campus II. The object of this study is PMDG Campus II. The data are collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. While the analysis technique is descriptive qualitative. Meanwhile, the validity is determined by triangulation. The results of this study showed that: (1) the cultivation of life skill education to improve new students’ independence in Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putra (PMDG) II are consists of: a. Ensuring the goal; b. set the steps for earning the goal; c. Using some personal approaches; and d. Establish a measuring instrument to measure the success of life skill education to improve new students’ independence. (2) the implementation of life skill education are consists of personal skills aspects b. thinking skill aspects c. social skills aspects d. vocational skills aspects And (3) the obstacles in implementing of life skill education to improve new students’ independence in PMDG Campus II are: the new students’ emotion are still unstable, the supervision of dormitory counselors toward the new students are limited, to get used to PMDG activities are difficult for the new students, the lack of awareness of new students in maintaining the facilities and infrastructure, and the limited capacity of students’ rooms. On the other hand, implementing life skill education to improve new students’ independence in PMDG has supporting factors such as the education integration such as formal, non-formal, and in-formal education platforms, the existence of new students at PM Gontor Putra II is to learn, transform the life skill education, and activity-based are lasting all year. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan penanaman pendidikan life skill dalam meningkatkan kemandirian santri baru di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putra II, Madusari, Siman, Ponorogo Tahun 2017/2018 yang meliputi strategi penanaman, implementasi, dan faktok pendukung dan penghambatnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari Pengasuh Pondok, Direktur KMI, Asatidz, dan Santri Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putra II. Objek penelitian ini adalah Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putra II, Madusari, Siman, Ponorogo. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan ditentukan dengan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) strategi yang digunakan terdiri dari a. Adanya tujuan yang jelas; b. Menetapkan langkah-langkah/cara-cara; c. Menggunakan pendekatan-pendekatan; dan d. Menetapkan tolak ukur untuk menentukan keberhasilan dalam menanamkan pendidikan life skill untuk meningkatkan kemandirian santri baru. (2) implementasi terdiri dari a. aspek personal skill b. aspek tinking skill c. aspek social skill d. aspek vocasional skill (3) Faktor penghambat dan pendukung terdiri dari faktor penghambat meliputi: santri baru masih memiliki tingkat emosional yang masih labil, belum maksimalnya pengawalan terhadap santri baru oleh pembimbing rayon, masih sulitnya santri baru untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan kegiatan-kegiatan Pondok, kurangnya kepedulian santri baru dalam menjaga sarana dan prasarana, dan daya tampung kamar santri terbatas; dan faktor pendukung, meliputi: terintegrasinya tripusat pendidikan, integrasi jalur pendidikan formal, non-formal, dan in-formal, keberadaan santri baru di PM Gontor Putra II adalah menuntut ilmu, transformasi penanaman pendidikan life skill dalam meningkatkan kemandirian santri baru berlangsung sepanjang tahun, dan berbasis kegiatan.

IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM CAMBRIDGE DI SEKOLAH DASAR INTERNASIONAL AL AL-ABIDIN SURAKARTA DAN SEKOLAH DASAR INTEGRAL WALISONGO SRAGEN Nafisah, Nuhla Fauziyatun
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v19i2.8122

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Cambridge curriculum in the International Islamic Elementary School Al-Abidin Surakarta and Integral Walisongo Elementary School Sragen as well as to find the points of excellence and weakness of the existing Cambridge curriculum implementation at the school. This research type is qualitative research, the subject of this research consist of principal, vice principal of curriculum section, Human Resources Development, International Class Program teachers, and students in International Islamic Elementary School Al-Abidin Surakarta and SD Integral Walisongo Sragen. Technique of collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. Technique of analyzing data used descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Cambridge curriculum in the International Islamic Elementary School Al-Abidin Surakarta runs well, this can be known through several findings, first of the Cambridge curriculum implementation process is routinely implemented at the beginning of the new school year by involving all levels teachers who teach in this program with special workshop held for teachers before the teaching and learning activities begin. Second, in the implementation of this curriculum, teachers are able to build enthusiastic learners and able to create a fun learning, so learners are more active and willing to try to understand the lesson of this curriculum. Third in the evaluation process goes well and learners are categorized able to meet the standards provided by Cambridge. Seeing the proud results we can see the advantages of the implementation of this Cambridge curriculum one of them is the complexity of the mindset of students increased, there are still some weaknesses, such as on the implementation of student learning is still difficult to understand the story in Cambridge math lesson, learners translate the story, also looking for ways to solve the problem. In addition the weakness found in the field is less effective in English language communication in the school. It occurs because of the lack of maximum vocabulary given to learners. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan implementasi kurikulum Cambridge di SD Islam Internasional Al-Abidin Surakarta dan SD Integral Walisongo Sragen sekaligus untuk menemukan titik-titik keunggulan dan kelemahan implementasi kurikulum Cambridge yang ada pada sekolah tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bagian kurikulum, Human Resources Development, guru-guru Internasional Class Program, dan peserta didik di SD Islam Internasional Al-Abidin Surakarta dan SD Integral Walisongo Sragen. tehnik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. tehnik analisis data secara deskripstif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam implementasi kurikulum Cambridge di SD Islam Internasional Al-Abidin Surakarta dan SD Integral Walisongo Sragen berjalan dengan baik, hal ini bisa diketahui melalui beberapa temuan, yaitu pertama dari proses perencanaan implementasi kurikulum Cambridge ini rutin dilaksanakan pada awal tahun ajaran baru yaitu dengan melibatkan seluruh jajaran guru yang mengajar di program ini dengan diadakan workshop khusus untuk guru sebelum kegiatan belajar mengajar dimulai. kedua, dalam pelaksanaan kurikulum ini, guru mampu membangun antusias peserta didik dan mampu menciptakan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, dengan begitu peserta didik semakin aktif dan mau berusaha dalam memahami pelajaran kurikulum ini. ketiga dalam proses evaluasi berjalan dengan baik dan peserta didik dikategorikan mampu memenuhi standar yang diberikan oleh Cambridge. Melihat hasil yang membanggakan kita dapat melihat keunggulan dari implementasi kurikulum Cambridge ini salah satunya adalah kompleksitas pola pikir peserta didik meningkat meskipun demikian, masih terdapat beberapa kelemahan, diantaranya pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran siswa masih kesulitan dalam memahami soal cerita yang terdapat dalam pelajaran math Cambridge, karena disamping peserta didik menerjemahkan ceritanya, juga mencari cara untuk menyelesaikan soal tersebut. selain itu juga kelemahan yang saya temui di lapangan adalah kurang efektif dalam komunikasi Bahasa inggris di sekolah tersebut. hal itu terjadi karena kurang maksimalnya kosa kata yang diberikan kepada peserta didik.

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AL-QUR’AN BRAILLE BOOK DAN BRAILLE DIGITAL BAGI TUNANETRA DI SURAKARTA Widiarti, Faridatul Husna
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v19i2.8118

Qur'anic learning is needed by all Muslims. The learning process starts from studying the Qur'an, reading the verses of the Qur'an, understanding the contents and content of the verses of the Qur'an, practicing the content of the verses. Learning requires media or an effective intermediary. The learning of the Qur'an uses the Qur'an's media. Particularly for blind disability students, students who experience obstacles in their vision either do not function one or do not function both, the Qur'anic learning requires media that are in accordance with the abilities of students. The media used in the Al-Qur'an learning for net disabilities is the Al-Qur'an Braille. The researcher conducted a study of community organizations in the city of Surakarta, the organization of the Indonesian Muslim Blind Association in the Surakarta Regional Leadership Council in 2018 which organizes Qur'anic learning with the media of the Qur’an Braille book and the digital Braille Qur'an. Problems begin with (1) How can the use of the Koran Braille book and al-Qur'an digital Braille (2) what are the advantages and disadvantages of using digital Braille book and al-Qur'an Braille media ( 3) how successful is the use of the Braille book and digital Braille al-Qur'an media. Aim to find out the uses, strengths and weaknesses, and the level of success of the Koran Braille book and the digital Braille Qur'an. This study uses qualitative descriptive data collection through field observations, interviews with a number of resource persons, documentation of events in the field. The results of this study are expected for educators to master the media used in learning, as well as for educators and observers of education to develop and innovate the learning process for blind disability learners. Pembelajaran al-Qur’an diperlukan seluruh umat muslim. Proses pembelajaran bermula dari mempelajari al-Qur’an, membaca ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, memahami isi dan kandungan ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, mengamalkan kandungan ayat-ayat tersebut. Pembelajaran memerlukan media atau perantara yang tepat guna. Pembelajaran al-Qur’an menggunakan media al-Qur’an. Khusus peserta didik disabilitas netra, peserta didik yang mengalami hambatan dalam penglihatannya baik tidak berfungsi salah satu atau tidak berfungsi keduanya, pembelajaran al-Qur’an memerlukan media yang sesuai dengan kemampuan peserta didik. Media yang digunakan pada pembelajaran al-Qur’an bagi disabilitas netra adalah al-Qur’an Braille. Peneliti melakukan penelitian terhadap organisasi masyarakat di kota Surakarta, organisasi Ikatan Tunanetra Muslim Indonesia Dewan Pimpinan Daerah Surakarta Tahun 2018 yang menyelenggarakan pembelajaran al-Qur’an dengan media al-Qur’an Braille book dan al-Qur’an Braille digital. Permasalahan berawal dari (1) Bagaimana penggunaan media al-Qur’an Braille book dan al-Qur’an Braille digital (2) Apa kelebihan dan kekurangan dari penggunaan media al-Qur’an Braille book dan al-Qur’an Braille digital (3) Bagaimana tingkat keberhasilan dari penggunaan media al-Qur’an Braille book dan al-Qur’an Braille digital. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan, kelebihan dan kekurangan, dan tingkat keberhasilan dari media al-Qur’an Braille book dan al-Qur’an Braille digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan diskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan sejumlah nara sumber, dokumentasi kejadian di lapangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan untuk pendidik menguasai media-media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran, serta untuk pendidik dan pemerhati pendidikan untuk mengembangkan dan menginovasi proses pembelajaran bagi peserta didik disabilitas netra.

NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN TAUHID DALAM KISAH ASHABUL UKHDUD SURAT AL-BURUJ PERSPEKTIF IBN KATSIR DAN HAMKA Muthoifin, M; Fahrurozi, Fahrurozi
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v19i2.8123

Tawhed is to insulate God in creation, worship and name and natures. he must be awake with the best of everything that can divert it. Because tawhed is a very basic and fundamental thing for a Muslim's life. Tawhid is the determinant of a person both in the life of the world and the hereafter, happy or miserable, safe or wretched. tawhed became one of the potential that brought every human being when he was born in the world, the need for educational efforts so that potential is maintained. This study aims to determine the concept of tawhed education in the story of ashabul ukhdud. So important is the story that Allah mentioned in the Qur'an. The second goal is to implement the concepts of Tawhed education in Islamic education. Because the most important element in Islamic education is tawhed education, education that teaches every practice, behavior, purpose of life is only God. The results showed that the ideal Islamic education is very concerned about the implementation of tawhid education, because tawhed is the spirit of Islamic education which consists of three principal, first, tawhed rububiyyah education contained therein such as human nature as the basis of tawhed education, the natural sign as a means of tawhed education, reward and punismant in tawhed education. Secondly, the education of tawhed uluhiyyah such as, the role of educators in tawhid education, evaluation in tawhed education and tawhed education throughout life. Then the third tawhid asthma 'wasifat (names and natures of Allah) education.Tauhid yaitu mengesakan Allah dalam rububiyyah, uluhiyyah dan asma’ washifat, harus terjaga dengan sebaik-baiknya dari segala yang bisa menyelewengkannya. Karena tauhidmerupakan perkara yang sangat pokok dan mendasar bagi kehidupan seorang muslim. Tauhid merupakan penentu seseorang baik di kehidupan dunia maupun akhirat, bahagia atau sengsara, selamat atau celaka. Tauhid menjadi salah satu potensi yang dibawa setiap manusia ketika ia dilahirkan didunia, perlu adanya usaha pendidikan agar potensi itu tetap terjaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep pendidikan tauhid dalam kisah ashabul ukhdud. Begitu pentingnya kisah tersebut sehingga Allah menyebutkannya dalam Al-Qur’an. Tujuan kedua yaitu untuk mengimplemen-tasikan konsep-konsep pendidikan tauhid dalam pendidikan Islam. Karena unsur terpenting dalam pendidikan Islam adalah pendidikan tauhid, pendidikan yang mengajarkan setiap amalan, perilaku, tujuan hidup hanya Allah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Islam yang ideal sangatlah memperhatikan pelaksanaan pendidikan tauhid, karena tauhid merupakan ruh dari pendidikan Islam yang terdiri dari tiga pokok, pertama, pendidikan tauhid rububiyyah yang terkandung didalamnya seperti fitrah manusia sebagai dasar pendidkan tauhid, ayat kauniah sebagai sarana pendidikan tauhid, Targhib dan tarhib dalam pendidikan tauhid. Kedua, pendidikan tauhid uluhiyyah seperti, peran pendidik dalam pendidikan tauhid, evaluasi dalam pendidikan tauhid dan pendidikan sepanjang hayat. Kemudian yang ketiga pendidikan tauhid asma’ wasifat.

الشذوذ الجنسية عند المذاهب الأربعة والقانون العقوبات الإندونيسي Basri, M Muinudinillah; Maulana, Syafruddin
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v19i2.8124

The development of social interactions variety and the flow of information that brings positive and negative value, impact on social life and human behavior. Among them there is a wise attitude by always making religion as a guide and lifestyle, but some people lost his life orientation. Even penetrated the lifestyle associated with sexual behavior. Sexual behavior is one of the serious issues detil discussed in Islam. This is because the impact is very wide in various aspects of life. Islam considers that the biological need is the sunnah of life that every Muslim must live, in order to achieve the balance between the human side as a servant of Allah Ta'ala and as a keeper of the stability of social life of society. Sex disorientation is a threatening balance. That will affect the survival of human life in general or personal perpetrators. Among the disorientation is lesbi, gay, have sex with animals or known as zoofilia, also the trangender which is one of the identity of lesbian and gay. This study aims to examine whether the laws and sanctions of these sexual disorientations, presented comparatively between Islamic law and Indonesian criminal law. The results of this study concluded about the prohibition of lesbian, gay, zoophilia and trangender in Islamic law. While about the punishment, there are some differences between the 4 Imams. Some give death penalty. Some others conclude about the enactment of ta'zir where the judge is given a policy in determining the type of punishment. While in Indonesian, this is contained in the chapter asusila. Which concludes that lesbian, gay, zoofilia is something that gets a criminal penalty and is binding only on an adult perpetrator with as a victim is an immature child. As for if the perpetrator and the victim is mature, then not touched with criminal trap. And the trangender has not regulated it specifically. Berkembangnya bentuk interaksi antar manusia dan pesatnya arus informasi dengan seluruh muatan positif dan negatifnya telah memberikan dampak pada tatanan hidup setiap individu dan masyarakat. Di antara mereka ada yang menyikapi hal ini dengan penuh kehati-hatian dan menjadikan agama sebagai pembimbing dan pedoman. Namun tidak sedikit juga yang tersesat dan melampaui batas khususnya dalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan moralitas seksual. Dalam hal ini agama sebagai pedoman hidup telah menempatkan seksualitas sebagai salah satu pilar yang menentukan baik buruknya kehidupan sosial dan telah mengaturnya dalam rumusan pernikahan. Pada sisi lain agama juga memberikan perhatian khusus pada seluruh bentuk disorientasi seksual yang menyelisihi garis besar pernikahan yang telah diatur di dalamnya. Dari sekian hubungan yang mendapatkan perhatian khsusus tersebut adalah homoseks, lesbi, zoophilia, dan transgender. Kaitannya dengan hal ini, hukum positif di Indonesia telah menempatkan perhatian yang khusus, karena adanya visi dan misi dalam membentuk masyarakat yang berkemanusiaan, adil dan beradab. Hanya ada beberapa perbedaan yang mendasar antara apa yang telah dimuat oleh hukum Islam dengan apa yang menjadi ketentuan dalam KUHP. Seluruh Imam empat madzhab yang dikenal luas dikalangan ummat Islam bersepakat tentang keharaman homoseks, lesbi, zoophilia dan transgender. Walaupun mereka berbeda dalam mengklasifikasi bentuk hukuman apa yang tepat untuk setiap perbuatan pidana tersebut. Ada yang menentukan hukuman mati, ada yang menyamakannya dengan hukuman zina dan ada pula yang menjatuhkan hukuman ta'zir yang dikembalikan kebijakan penentuannya pada hakim. Sementara KUHP memasukkan homoseks dan lesbi sebagai pidana aduan, pada pasal-pasal pencabulan dalam bab asusila yang memfokuskan hanya pada sisi korban di bawah usia dewasa. Sehingga terdapat kekosongan hukum ketika pelaku dan korban adalah orang dewasa. Adapun tentang zoophile maka termuat pada pasal penganiayaan hewan. Sementara pada masalah transgender, KUHP belum mengklasifikasikannya sebagaimana pidana delik perzinaan, pemerkosaan atapun pecabulan.

PENERAPAN SYARI’AH DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN NATION-STATE PERSPEKTIF HISTORIS DAN FIQH SIYASAH Amri, Rupi'i
Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 19, No. 2, Desember 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/profetika.v19i2.8115

Abstract: The tendency to apply sharia to the state or government by some Muslims is a very interesting new phenomenon in many Muslim countries. Several Muslim countries, such as Indonesia, Pakistan, Jordan, Sudan, Egypt, Morocco, Kuwait and Iran are examples of countries where "Islamist" groups want to implement sharia into government. Of course this desire raises different views from Islamic figures, some support and some oppose it. This paper seeks to find answers to the problems that arise from the views of supporters and opponents of the Islamic state, with the core of the problem are: (1) seeking and knowing the concept of Islam and Caliphate in the Islamic political system; (2) explaining the government system according to historical perspective; namely in the era of the Prophet Muhammad and Khulafa ar-Rasyidin; and (3) explaining the relationship between religion and state in the concept of siyasa fiqh. The conceptual framework used in this paper is that there are two important things to be achieved in politics, namely (1) politics as anything related to state administration; and (2) politics as all activities directed to seek and maintain power in society. In relation to this, there is often a "tension" between groups that want to implement the Shari'ah into the rules of government with groups that oppose it. If the desires of the two groups cannot be met, then there is no possibility of various acts of violence in a country, and can even lead to a coup against the current government. Some findings from this study are that (1) System of government in an Islamic perspective is not clearly stated in the Quran and Sunnah so that Islamic political thinkers disagree over what government system must be applied in a nation state; (2) In a historical perspective, the system of government in the time of the Prophet Muhammad was more concerned with the substance of Islamic values into the system of state government. This can be seen rules of the Madina Constitution, while the government of the Khulafa ar-Rasyidin used a system of power of autocracy and monarchic dynasty; (3) Islamic political thinkers differ in their views on the relation between religion and state in the concept of siyasa fiqh into three groups, namely (1) religion and state must be integrated and cannot be separated because the state is a political and religious institution; (2) religion and state are not related at all because the Prophet Muhammad was only an ordinary prophet like the previous prophet with the single task of inviting people back to noble life; (3) religions and state relate reciprocally and need each other. Abstrak: Kecenderungan untuk menerapkan syariah Islam ke dalam negara atau pemerintahan oleh sebagian orang Islam merupakan gejala baru yang sangat menarik di banyak negara Muslim. Beberapa negara muslim, seperti Indonesia, Pakistan, Yordania, Sudan, Mesir, Maroko, Kuwait dan Iran merupakan contoh negara-negara di mana kelompok-kelompok “Islamis”-nya ingin menerapkan syariah ke dalam pemerintahan. Tentu saja keinginan tersebut menimbulkan pandangan yang berbeda-beda dari tokoh-tokoh Islam, sebagian ada yang mendukung dan sebagian lagi menentangnya. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk mencari jawaban terhadap permasalahan-permasalahan yang muncul dari pandangan para pendukung dan penentang negara syariah, dengan inti permasalahannya adalah : (1) mencari dan mengetahui konsep Islam dan Kekhalifahan dalam sistem politik Islam; (2) menjelaskan sistem pemerintahan dalam perspektif historis, terutama pada masa Nabi Muhammad dan Khulafa ar-Rasyidin, dan (3) menjelaskan hubungan agama dan negara dalam konsep fiqh siyasah. Kerangka konseptual yang dipergunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah bahwa terdapat dua hal penting yang hendak dicapai dalam politik, yaitu (1) politik sebagai segala yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan negara; dan (2) politik sebagai segala kegiatan yang diarahkan untuk mencari dan mempertahankan kekuasaan dalam masyarakat. Dalam kaitannya dengan hal tersebut, seringkali terjadi “ketegangan” antara kelompok yang ingin menerapkan syari’ah ke dalam aturan-aturan pemerintahan dengan kelompok yang menentangnya. Apabila keinginan dari kedua kelompok tersebut tidak dapat dipertemukan, maka tidak menutup kemungkinan akan terjadi berbagai tindak kekerasan dalam suatu negara, dan bahkan dapat menimbulkan kudeta terhadap pemerintahan yang sedang berjalan. Beberapa temuan dari peneletian ini adalah (1) Sistem pemerintahan dalam perspektif Islam tidak disebutkan secara jelas dalam al-Quran dan Sunnah sehingga para pemikir politik Islam berbeda pendapat tentang sistem pemerintahan apa yang harus diterapkan ke dalam sebuah negara-bangsa (nation-state); (2) Dalam perspektif historis, sistem pemerintahan pada masa Nabi Muhammad lebih mementingkan substansi nilai-nilai Islam ke dalam sistem pemerintahan negara. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada aturan-aturan yang tertuang dalam Piagam Madinah, sedangkan pemerintahan pada masa Khulafa’ ar-Rasyidin menggunakan sistem “autocratic power” (kekuatan autokrasi) dan a dynastic monarchy” (dinasti monarkhi); (3) Para pemikir politik Islam berbeda pandangan dalam menyikapi relasi agama dan negara dalam konsep fiqh siyasah menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu pertama, agama dan negara harus terintegrasi dan tidak dapat dipisahkan sebab negara merupakan lembaga politik dan sekaligus keagamaan, kedua, antara agama dan negara tidak berhubungan sama sekali (terpisah) karena Nabi Muhammad hanyalah seorang Rasul biasa seperti halnya rasul-rasul sebelumnya, dengan tugas tunggal mengajak manusia kembali kepada kehidupan yang mulia, ketiga, agama dan negara berhubungan secara timbal balik dan saling membutuhkan.

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Home Page

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Abstract

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Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

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Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota surakarta,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA