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MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal)
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 24076724     EISSN : 24425001     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Malang Neurology Journal is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on promoting neurological sciences generated from basic neurosciences and clinical neurology. This journal publishes original articles, reviews, and also interesting case reports. Brief communications containing short features of medicine, latest developments in diagnostic procedures of neurology disease, treatment, or other health issues related to neurology that is important also acceptable. Letters and commentaries of our published articles are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 290 Documents
ATTENTION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME: A COMPARISON WITH TYPICALLY DEVELOPING ADULTS Physio, Dimple Choudhry; E, Ekta; M, Malika; Mohammad, Zafar
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.01

Abstract

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder associated with intellectual disability, characterized by distinctive neurocognitive profiles and an increased risk of early-onset dementia. While much research has focused on children and adolescents with DS, fewer studies have systematically examined the attention span and cognitive function of adults with DS compared to typically developing adults of the same age. Understanding these differences is crucial for designing appropriate interventions, educational programs, and long-term care strategies. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the differences in attention span and cognitive function between adults with Down syndrome and healthy individuals. This study aims to identify the underlying neurological, genetic, and physiological factors contributing to these differences. Methods: A total of 25 adults with Down syndrome, aged 18 to 25 years, were recruited from SIRTAR School in Rohtak District, Haryana. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Scale for Down Syndrome, while attention span was measured using the Stroop Color and Word Test. Results: Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS software version 21.0. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD. independent t-test were used for between group analysis. For all statistical tests, a p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as a significant difference. Analysis revealed statistically significant group differences across all cognitive domains. Adults with DS scored significantly lower than controls on CS-DS subscales: EFD (p = 0.00), LD (p = 0.00), MD (p = 0.00), and CS-DS total (p = 0.00). Stroop test findings further demonstrated marked deficits in attention span, with significant differences in correct responses (p = 0.00), incorrect responses (p = 0.00), no responses (p = 0.00), congruent response time (p = 0.00), and incongruent response time (p = 0.00) between the DS and control groups. Conclusion: Adults with Down syndrome exhibit differences in attention span and cognitive function compared to healthy individuals due to genetic, neurological, and physiological factors. Structural and functional variations in the brain.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PREOPERATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGIC EXAMINATION AND POSTOPERATIVE VISUAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PITUITARY ADENOMA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY Rahma Putri, Herdanti; Nusanti, Syntia; Ananda Aman, Renindra; M, Sidik; Dewiputri, Salmarezka; Paramita Ayuningtyas, Sita
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.03

Abstract

Background: Pituitary adenoma is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that can be treated surgically. Ophthalmological examination is a standard protocol to determine surgical indications and assess postoperative visual prognosis. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate postoperative visual function in pituitary adenoma patients and compare it with preoperative findings. Methods: Retrospective study using medical record data of all pituitary adenoma patients who underwent tumor removal surgery and neuro-ophthalmological examination at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2019-2021 . Results: 63 pituitary adenoma patients were included in the study. Median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the last follow-up improved from 0.8 to 0.45 logMAR in the new case group and from 0.45 to 0.15 logMAR in the residual case group. The most common visual field defect in this study was temporal hemianopia with significant difference in mean deviation (MD) and visual field index (VFI) after surgery on both groups (p<0,05). Moreover, the correlation between initial and final VA, MD, and VFI was significant (0,781; 0,701; 0,594, respectively). The remaining tumor volume was also a significant factor in the improvement of MD and VFI, with better MD and VFI values shown in a smaller tumor volume postoperatively. Conclusion: Neuro-ophthalmological examination after surgery showed an increase in BCVA and improvement in visual field defects. It is shown to be correlated with preoperative BCVA, preoperative MD, and VFI on Humphrey Visual Field examination, and postoperative tumor volume.
NEUROPATHY SYMPTOM SCORE (NSS) AND E-SKIN DIABETIC SIMPLE TEST (E-SDST) AS A DIAGNOSTIC SCORE FOR DIABETIC NEUROPATHY Sholichin, Sholichin; S, Syahrun; Sukmana, Mayusef; Samsugito, Iwan; Metungku, Fanny; Retnaningrum, Yuliana Rahma
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.09

Abstract

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (ND) is experienced by more than 50% of people with diabetes and can lead to ulcers and even amputations if not detected early. Fast, accurate, and affordable detection is needed, especially in health facilities with limited equipment, to prevent serious complications due to nerve damage. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater reliability and validity of the Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS) and the E-Skin Diabetic Simple Test (ESDST) as clinical diagnostic scores for diabetic neuropathy. Methods: The research design used was cross-sectional involving 176 respondents. The selected samples were then assessed for Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS) and E-Skin Diabetic Simple Test (E-SDST) by two examiners at different times and places. The data obtained were categorized into positive diabetic neuropathy and negative neuropathy. Statistical analysis for reliability testing between examiners with Cohen's Kappa coefficient, while validity with a 2x2 table Results: The reliability value is obtained κ=0.68 with an alpha of 0.00 which means substantial agreement that there is agreement in using this tool from both raters. The results of ESDST validity compared to NSS obtained sensitivity results of 80.1% (high) and specificity 83.3% (high). Conclusion: E-SDST  is able to screen people with ND is also capable as a specific diagnostic tool and as a clinical diagnostic tool diabetic neuropathy has moderate/sufficient inter-rater reliability.
EFFECT OF Centella asiatica AND Nigella sativa EXTRACTS AS ANTICONVULSANTS IN PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL Rambe, Avie Hanindya Dwiyanti; Batubara, Chairil Amin; Fitri, Aida
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.07

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that is still widely found. The main goal of epilepsy therapy is for epilepsy patients to achieve an optimal quality of life with minimal therapeutic side effects. The active compounds in Centella asiatica and Nigella sativa have shown anticonvulsant effects. Objective: To determine the difference in anti-convulsant effects on the administration of Centella asiatica and Nigella sativa extracts in pentylenetetrazole-induced acute epilepsy model. Methods: This experimental study was conducted using 28 male Swiss divided into 7 equally large groups. The study was conducted with CMC Na 0.5% as a negative control and oral Phenitoin 25mg/Kg as a positive control, and 5 treatment groups were given C. asiatica extracts 800mg/Kg and 1000mg/Kg, N. sativa 800mg/Kg and 1000mg/Kg, and a mixture of C. asiatica 400mg/Kg and N. sativa 400mg/Kg orally. On the 7th day, seizure induction with pentylenetetrazole was performed, then measurements were taken. Results: There was significant difference on the seizure onset (p<0.001). In the experimental group, the longest onset we found was in the C. asiatica extract 1000mg/Kg group (99.25 ± 42.96 seconds). There was a significant difference in the total duration of seizure in C. asiatica 1000mg/Kg (p=0.031), N. sativa 800mg/Kg (p= 0.041), and N. sativa 1000mg/Kg (p= 0.030) groups. Conclusion:  Administration of C. asiatica 1000mg/Kg and N. sativa 800 and 1000mg/Kg extracts had an anticonvulsant effect on the duration of seizures.
GELATIN-BASED COLD COMPRESS PATCHES INFUSED WITH AROMATHERAPY: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR MANAGING TREMOR SYNDROME, ANXIETY, AND SLEEP QUALITY Raisa, Neila; Harbiyanti , Novita Titis; Dewi, Elvira Sari; Pratiwi , Ardine Cahya
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.04

Abstract

Background: Tremor syndrome is a common movement disorder that can impair daily function and quality of life. It is often accompanied by anxiety and sleep disturbances, which may not respond optimally to pharmacological treatment. Combining cold compress therapy with aromatherapy in a gelatin-based patch may offer a novel complementary approach. Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of gelatin-based aromatherapy cold patches in recing tremor severity, improving sleep quality, and alleviating anxiety in individuals with tremor syndrome. Methods: The experimental study involved 28 participants diagnosed with tremor syndrome, divided into two treatment groups. Baseline assessments included the Archimedes scale for tremor severity, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality. Participant received a daily gelatin-based cold compress patches infused with aromatherapy for or two consecutive days. Post-treatment assessments were conducted to evaluate changes. Results: The application of gelatin-based cold compress patches infused with aromatherapy significantly reduced tremor severity, with pre-treatment scores of 22.38 ± 2.14 (Group 1) and 21.73 ± 1.53 (Group 2), and post-treatment scores of 21.23 ± 1.88 (Group 1) and 20.27 ± 2.52 (Group 2),  p-values of 0.005 for Group 1 and 0.017 for Group 2. However, no significant changes were observed in anxiety or sleep quality (p-values of 0.268 and 0.084 for anxiety, and 0.082 and 0.164 for sleep quality in Groups 1 and 2, respectively). Conclusion: Gelatin-based cold compress patches infused with aromatherapy may serve as an effective complementary treatment in reducing tremor severity in individuals with tremor syndrome.
CORRELATION BETWEEN POST-TRAUMATIC AMNESIA AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH MILD HEAD INJURY (COMMOTIO CEREBRI) Al-Kahfi, Muhammad; Suherman, Suherman; Marlia, Ika; Syahrul, Syahrul; Emril, Dessy Rakhmawati
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.10

Abstract

Background: Mild head injury (commotio cerebri) due to the direct impact of an impulsive force on the head results in temporary changes in mental status. Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) plays an important role in predicting cognitive impairment in patients with head injury Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between PTA and cognitive function in patients with commotio cerebri at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital (RSUDZA) in Banda Aceh, Indonesia.. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study recruited 50 patients with mild head injury who were hospitalized in the Neurology Department of RSUDZA between January and March 2025 using consecutive sampling. PTA was assessed using the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test-8 (GOAT-8) questionnaire, and cognitive function was evaluated using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-INA). Results: The relationship between PTA and cognitive function was assessed using Spearman's correlation test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. A strong positive correlation was observed between PTA and cognitive function (p=0.000; r=0.618). Significant relationships existed between commotio cerebri and executive functioning (p=0.000, r=-0.521), naming (p=0.020, r=-0.327), attention (p=0.011, r=-0.357), and memory (p=0.000, r=-0.486). PTA showed significant relationships with memory (p=0.000, r=-0.51), orientation (p=0.000, r=-0.53), abstraction (p=0.011, r=-0.31), and language (p=0.020, r=-0.28). PTA was significantly correlated with cognitive impairment and executive components (p=0.000), attention (p=0.000), and memory (p=0.002). Conclusion: Cognitive impairments after traumatic brain injury include attention deficits, memory loss, and impaired executive functioning. Executive functioning and repetition are the most vulnerable areas in patients with mild head injury. PTA assessments should be conducted immediately after head trauma, as subsequent assessments are inadequate.
IMPACT OF DUAL TASK TRAINING ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION, BALANCE, GAIT AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE M, Monika; Physio, Dimple Choudhry; Dabla, Surekha
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.05

Abstract

Background:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with the main manifestations being tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural balance disorders, accompanied by a decline in cognitive function. Objective: One of the major challenges in PD is difficulty performing dual tasks, rehabilitation strategies such as dual-task training (DTT) have been proposed to simultaneously target motor and cognitive deficits. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of dual-task training on cognitive function, balance, gait, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: In this study, 30 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, aged 50–70 years were randomly assigned into experimental group (n=15) receiving dual-task training and control group (n=15) receiving single-task training for 12 sessions (40 minutes each, twice weekly for 6 weeks). Outcome measures included Timed Up and Go test, step length and stride length, fluency test and PDQ-39 measured at baseline, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks. Results: There was a statistically significant difference was found in PDQ-39 (t= -2.888, p=0. 007), Semantic Fluency test (t=3.391, p=0.002) and phonemic Fluency test (t=2.956, p=0.006) after 6 weeks between experimental and control group. Both groups showed significant improvements in balance, gait parameters after 6 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both type of training help to improve balance and gait, but dual-task training provided added gains in quality of life and cognition. Incorporating dual-task exercises into rehabilitation may therefore offer superior functional benefits by better reflecting real-world mobility demands.
THE IMPACT OF SURAH AR-RAHMAN RECITATION ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN MEDICAL STUDENTS: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Fakhri, Sarah Humayra; Syauqi, Ahmad; Shafira, Nyimas Natasha Ayu; Fakhri, Ayushia Generosa
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.12

Abstract

Background: Short-term memory (STM) is crucial for learning and academic success, particularly in demanding fields, such as medical education. Recent studies have suggested that auditory spiritual interventions, such as listening to Qur’anic recitation, may positively influence cognitive function. However, the evidence specific to Surah Ar-Rahman and its impact on STM among medical students remains limited. Objective: To investigate the impact of listening to Surah Ar-Rahman on the short-term memory performance of medical students. Methods: This quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test controlled study was conducted with 46 second-semester medical students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Jambi, Indonesia. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (listening to Surah Ar-Rahman for 12 min) or a control group (resting quietly for 12 min). Short-term memory was assessed using the digit span test before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests, and effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d-. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in digit span scores post-intervention (mean difference = 1.48, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.87), indicating a large effect. No significant changes were observed in the control group. Post-test scores between the groups were significantly different (p = 0.011). Conclusion: Listening to Surah Ar-Rahman had a substantial positive effect on medical students’ short-term memory. This non-pharmacological intervention may be a valuable adjunct to cognitive optimization strategies in medical education.
IMPACT OF TRIGLYCERIDE GLUCOSE INDEX AND TG/HDL RATIO ON TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE Akpinar, Ahmet; Kalyoncu Aslan, Işıl; Ramazanoğlu, Leyla
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.11

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance is one of the modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between treatment success, complications, and the functional status of the patients at 3 months follow up, Triglyceride/Glucose index and Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein values in patients who were received intravenous thrombolytic and/or mechanical thrombectomy treatments. Methods: A total of 432 patients aged over 18 years who were treated for acute ischemic stroke were included in the study. The Triglyceride Glucose index was computed using the formula Ln (Fasting Blood Sugar (mg/dl) x Fasting Triglyceride Level (mg/dl)/2) based on blood samples taken on the first day of hospitalization. Etiological evaluation of stroke was performed according to the TOAST classification. Results: Twenty-four hours following intravenous thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy, patients exhibiting elevated Triglyceride/Glucose index values demonstrated higher NIHSS scores. Moreover, individuals diagnosed with large vessel occlusions had significantly increased Triglyceride/Glucose index and Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein ratio levels compared to those with cardioembolic stroke etiology. On the other hand, no meaningful association was identified between Triglyceride/Glucose index and Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein values and the duration of hospitalization or modified rankin score outcomes. Conclusion: In this study, no strong evidence was shown regarding the relationship between Triglyceride/Glucose index and Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein values and treatment-related complications and functional status at 3-month follow-up in patients who underwent iv thrombolytic and mechanical thrombectomy treatment due to acute ischemic stroke. Prospective studies with longer follow-up of patients are needed on this subject.
HARNESSING CLIENT-SIDE AI: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A TENSORFLOW.JS APPLICATION FOR NON-INVASIVE SNORING DETECTION Afif, Zamroni; Rakhmatiar, Rodhiyan; Munir, Badrul; Ala Qoonita Najma Haq, Nabiila; Sabda Alam, Satria; Amrus Ernanda, Shelby; Ayu Irnanda, Miranthi; Riandono, Dody
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.08

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent global health issue, yet current monitoring methods are often inaccessible or impractical for routine, at-home use. Objective: This study addresses the need for simple, non-invasive tools for sleep quality assessment. Methods: We developed and evaluated a novel, browser-based snoring detection application leveraging TensorFlow.js. A binary classification model was trained on a balanced dataset of snoring and background noise audio. A key feature of the application is its client-side architecture, where all audio processing and model inference occur locally on the user's device, ensuring real-time performance and preserving user privacy. The model's performance was validated on a holdout test set using standard classification metrics. Results: The model demonstrated robust performance, achieving an overall accuracy of 94.12%, a sensitivity of 95.00%, and a specificity of 93.22% in distinguishing snoring from ambient noise. The application successfully generated useful session statistics for users, including total snoring duration, frequency, and the percentage of snoring time during a monitoring session. Conclusion: This study validates the use of a browser-based AI system as a reliable, scalable, and privacy-preserving tool for sleep quality monitoring. While not a diagnostic instrument, the application serves as a highly accessible preliminary screening and awareness tool. This approach represents a significant step toward democratizing sleep health monitoring and empowering individuals to take an active role in managing their well-being.