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INDONESIA
BERITA BIOLOGI
Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,125 Documents
 208   209   210   211   212 
IDENTIFIKASI STATUS ANAK JENIS KUCICA HUTAN (KITTACINCLA MALABARICA) DARI PENANGKARAN JAMBI Yohanna yohanna; Anik Budhi Dharmayanthi; Putra T Kurniawan; Yuli Akmal; Teguh Hartono; Oktaviani Nur Marsellin; Rahmad Saleh; Mohammad irham
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 3 (2021): Berita Biologi
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4155

Abstract

ABSTRACTThese studies aim to identify the lineages and genetic structures of white-rumped shama from captivity in Jambi. Mitochondrial ND2 analysis was performed from 20 individuals of the white-rumped shama and sequences from Gen Bank i.e. K.m.tricolor (Malay Peninsula), K.m. interposita (Indochina), K.m.suavis (Borneo), K.m.stricklandii (Borneo), K.luzoniensis (Philippines), K. nigra (Philippines), and Acridothers javanicus as the outgroup. The phylogeny tree was reconstructed by neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML). Meanwhile, the genetic structures were determined by haplotype, haplotype diversity, and Tajima-D. AMOVA and FST were used to see population differentiation. The phylogenetic tree showed that the white-rumped shama from captivity in Jambi was divided into two lineages, namely K. m. tricolor and K. m. interposita with intersubspecies genetic distance between 0.3% - 0.5%. The haplotypes of white-rumped shama from Jambi were 13 with haplotype diversity of 0.95. The AMOVA of K. malabarica showed a significant value of FST at 80.54. Nonetheless, the FST between Jambi - Indochina, and Jambi - Malay Peninsula are significantly low at 0.147 and 0.271, respectively. This study indicated that the breeders used various broodstock, including the lineage of K. m. tricolor and K. m. interposita.Keywords: white-rumped shama, subspecies, lineage, phylogenetic, genetic structure.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi garis keturunan dan struktur genetika kucica hutan hasil penangkaran dari Jambi. Analisis mitokondria ND2 dilakukan dari 20 individu kucica hutan dan sekuen dari GenBank, yang meliputi K. m. tricolor (Semenanjung Malaysia), K. m. interposita (Indochina), K. m. suavis (Borneo), K. m. stricklandii (Borneo), K. luzoniensis (Filipina), K. nigra (Filipina), dan Acridothers javanicus sebagai outgroup. Pohon filogeni direkonstruksi dengan neighbour-joining (NJ) dan maximum likelihood (ML). Struktur genetik dianalisis untuk mengetahui jumlah haplotipe, diversitas haplotipe, dan Tajima-D. AMOVA dan FST digunakan untuk melihat diferensiasi populasi. Hasil analisis filogeni menunjukkan bahwa kucica hutan asal penangkaran Jambi terbagi menjadi dua garis keturunan, yaitu K. m. tricolor dan K. m. interposita dengan jarak genetik intersubspesies antara 0.3% - 0.5%. Haplotipe kucica hutan dari Jambi berjumlah 13 dengan diversitas haplotipe bernilai 0.95. K. malabarica menunjukkan nilai populasi divergensi yang tinggi dan signifikan, yaitu FST 80.54. Nilai FST paling rendah ditunjukkan antara populasi Jambi-Indochina dan Jambi – Semenanjung Malaysia, yaitu 0.147 dan 0.271. Hasil dari analisis filogeni dan struktur genetika mengindikasikan bahwa para penangkar mengembangbiakan kucica hutan dari berbagai sumber indukan yang meliputi garis keturunan K. m. tricolor dan K. m. interposita.Kata kunci: kucica hutan, subspesies, garis keturunan, filogeni, struktur genetik
APLIKASI INDUKSI MUTASI UNTUK PEMULIAAN TANAMAN HIAS Endang Gati Lestari
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 3 (2021): Berita Biologi
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4058

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe breeding of ornamental plants through mutation induction has been applied to obtain the desired new characters. High diversity, such as brighter colors, more attractive shapes, and aromas, are needed for the assembly of new high-yielding varieties to increase sales value. Mutagens that can be used as agents for mutation induction are physical mutagens (gamma rays, x rays, beta rays, UV rays) and chemical mutagens (EMS, DES, colchicine, oryzalin). The mutagens have been implemented to obtain a superior character compared to its parents. Breeding of ornamental plants through mutation has been applied in various countries such as Japan, Thailand, Korea, the Netherlands, and Indonesia to produce many new varieties, comprising of chrysanthemums, roses, gladiolus, tulips, carnations, etc. The resulting new characteristics include a change in color to become more attractive according to market tastes, the shape and petals of a single flower that was originally single, becoming stacked, and not easily wither. The purpose of writing this review is to provide information about the role of mutations in the formation of new varieties in ornamental plants as well as mutagens that able to be utilized both physically and chemically.  ion has been applied to obtain the desired new characters. High diversity, such as brighter colors, more attractive shapes, and aromas, are needed for the assembly of new high yielding varieties to increase sales value. Mutagens that can be used as agents for mutation induction are physical mutagens (gamma rays, x rays, beta rays, UV rays) and chemical mutagens (EMS, DES, colchicine, oryzalin). The mutagens have been implemented to obtain a superior character compared to its parents. Breeding of ornamental plants through mutation has been applied in various countries such as Japan, Thailand, Korea, the Netherlands, and Indonesia to produce many new varieties, comprising of chrysanthemums, roses, gladiolus, tulips, carnations etc. The resulting new characteristics include a change in color to become more attractive according to market tastes, the shape and petals of a single flower that were originally single, become stacked, and not easily wither. The purpose of writing this review is to provide information about the role of mutations for the formation of new varieties in ornamental plants as well as mutagens that able to be utilized both physically and chemically. Key words: in vitro culture, somaclonal variation, mutase ABSTRAK Pemuliaan pada tanaman hias melalui induksi mutasi telah diaplikasikan untuk mendapatkan karakter baru yang diinginkan. Keragaman yang tinggi seperti warna menjadi lebih cemerlang, bentuk dan aroma lebih menarik sangat diperlukan untuk perakitan varietas unggul baru sehingga meningkatkan nilai jual. Mutagen yang dapat digunakan sebagai agen untuk induksi mutasi adalah mutagen fisik (sinar gamma, sinar x, sinar beta, UV) dan mutagen kimia (EMS, DES, kolkisin, oryzalin), mutagen tersebut telah diaplikasikan untuk mendapatkan karakter yang lebih unggul dibanding tetuanya. Pemuliaan pada tanaman hias melalui mutasi telah dilakukan diberbagai negara seperti Jepang, Tailand, Korea, Belanda termasuk di Indonesia untuk menghasilkan banyak varietas baru antara lain pada krisan, mawar, gladiol, tulip, anyelir dll. Sifat baru yang dihasilkan antara lain perubahan pada warna menjadi lebih menarik sesuai selera pasar, bentuk dan kelopak bunga yang semula tunggal, menjadi bertumpuk, serta menjadi tidak mudah layu. Tujuan penulisan review ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi peran mutasi untuk pembentukan varietas baru pada tanaman hias serta mutagen baik fisik maupun kimia yang dapat digunakan. 
AKTIVITAS NANOEMULSI MINYAK AGARWOOD BOUYA (Aquilaria agallocha) TERHADAP BAKTERI MULTIRESISTEN ANTIBIOTIK DAN NON-RESISTEN Yulianto Ade Prasetya
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i1.4090

Abstract

Multiresistant bacteria are responsible for increasing morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Multiresistant bacteria such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli producing Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs), and Klebsiella pneuomoniae producing ESBLS are resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics so that alternative natural-based treatments are needed to prevent the spread of resistance. This research aims to determine the activity of Agarwood bouya (Aquilaria agallocha) oil nanoemulsion against multiresistance and non-resistance antibiotic. Nanoemulsion is made by magnetic stirrer and sonicator. The variations of Agarwood Bouya oil used are 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The size of the nanoemulsion formed was analyzed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), while its clarity was measured by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Agarwood oil nanoemulsion activity test was carried out by disk diffusion method. The results showed that agarwood oil nanoemulsion with a concentration of 1% had the smallest size is 17.7 nm with a percent transmittance of 99.35%. The agarwood bouya oil nanoemulsion 20% was only able to inhibit ESBLs-producing E. coli by 3.3 mm and was included in the weak category. The non-resistant E. coli bacteria were able to actively inhibit with the inhibition zone at 13.3mm.
CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SM4 BACTERIAL ISOLATE FROM Stylissa massa SPONSE AS PRODUCING ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA Lukas Pardosi
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4187

Abstract

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is one of the archipelagic provinces in Indonesia with a sea area of 200,000 km² and contains potential marine resources including the Stylissa massa sponge. Bacteria have been known to associate with sponges and have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds. This study aims to characterize, identify the 16S rRNA gene, and test the bioactive compounds of SM4 bacterial isolates from the Stylissa massa sponge. The bacterial isolates of SM4 were previously rejuvenated on NA medium, then characterized by macroscopic morphology, and biochemistry by citrate test and TSIA test. The culture was extracted using petroleum ether solvent and the antibacterial activity was tested against E. coli and S. aureus by the well method. The isolates were then identified based on the 16S rRNA gene by PCR method. The results showed that, SM4 isolates had small colony size, yellow color, round colony shape, flat elevation, flat margins, while biochemically they had positive results with Citrate and TSIA tests. The antagonist test of the SM4 bacterial isolate was found to have the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and  E. coli, while the antibacterial activity test of the bioactive compound bacterial isolate SM4 was known to have the ability to inhibit the growth of S .aureus with an inhibition zone of 1.99 mm and E. colli 1.56 mm. The results of the molecular identification of the bacterial isolate SM4 had 99% similarity with the Bacillus cereus strain Nr_074540.1
KARAKTER HABITAT, POPULASI, PRODUKTIVITAS, MORFOLOGI BUAH SERTA BIJI, PERILAKU SIMPAN DAN PERILAKU PERKECAMBAHAN Casearia flavovirens Blume Melisnawati H Angio; Dewi Lestari; Ilham Kurnia Abywijaya; Agung Sri Darmayanti; Esti Endah Aryanti
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i1.4178

Abstract

Casearia flavovirens Blume adalah tumbuhan endemik Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Sumatera, Thailand dan Vietnam yang berstatus konservasi rentan menurut IUCN. Namun sampai saat ini, informasi tentang berbagai aspek C. flavovirens masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itulah penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi mengenai karakter habitat C. flavovirens, populasi, produktivitas, morfologi buah serta biji, perilaku simpan dan perilaku perkecambahannya yang diduga menjadi penyebab status kelangkaannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada November 2020 hingga Juni 2021 dengan mengobservasi kondisi habitat di TN Meru Betiri, mengobservasi biji dan buah, melakukan uji penyimpanan dan uji perkecambahan di bank biji Kebun Raya Purwodadi. Hasil studi menunjukkan C. flavovirens ditemukan tumbuh pada vegetasi pantai, di luasan yang sangat terbatas di Bandealit, Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. Hanya dua individu yang ditemukan dalam penjelajahan seluas 5.000 m2. Jumlah buah per pohon diperkirakan 1500-2000 buah, sementara rata-rata biji per buah adalah sebesar 30 biji/buah. Benih menunjukkan daya berkecambah rendah dan biji berkarakter simpan rekalsitran. Populasi kecil yang memicu inbreeding, faktor lingkungan dan kompetisi dengan tumbuhan lain diduga menjadi alasan mengapa anakan sulit ditemukan di sekitar induknya di habitat aslinya. Hasil penelitian diharapkan bermanfaat untuk menunjang upaya konservasi dan melengkapi data ilmiah C. flavovirens.
PENGARUH BAHAN AKTIF INSEKTISIDA CHLORPYRIFOS TERHADAP STRUKTUR HISTOLOGIS HEPAR IKAN WADER PARI (Rasbora lateristriata Bleeker, 1854) Khoiruddin Anshori; Bambang Retnoaji
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i1.4127

Abstract

The use of insecticides of the organophosphorus group is increasing along with the expansion of agricultural land. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) as one of the active ingredients can accumulate in the fish and impact human health through bioaccumulation and biomagnification mechanisms. This research aims to investigate the effects of sub-lethal exposure of CPF to yellow rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) using mortality parameters and histological changes in the liver. One-month-old yellow rasbora larvae were exposed to CPF with concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, and 0.01 ppm for 168 hours based on the preliminary test. The paraffin method was used in the manufacture of liver histological preparations with Haematoxylin-Eosin staining. Observations were conducted descriptively-quantitatively to determine the type and extent of damage to the liver. The actual test results showed that the LC50 value of CPF against yellow wader for 168 hours was 0.078 ppm. The higher the concentration used shows a decrease in the survival rate of fish. Histological observations showed cell swelling, necrosis, and haemorrhagic tissue damage in CPF treatment. The increase in CPF concentration significantly affected cellular damage to hepatocyte cells, with the highest rate of damage at a concentration of 0.01 ppm. 
BIOPROSPECTING OF INDIGENOUS MYXOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOIL AND DECAYING WOOD IN TOBA-SAMOSIR, NORTH SUMATERA AS ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCER Siti Meliah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i1.4139

Abstract

Gram-negative myxobacteria is a member of Deltaproteobacteria with some unique characteristics including move by gliding motility, form fruiting bodies when starving, and prey on other microorganisms. They are known to produce some of the potential and novel antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, in this study we aim to isolate and screen indigenous myxobacteria as an attempt to bioprospect their potential as antimicrobial substances producer. Samples consist of soils, plant rhizospheres, and decaying woods collected from Toba-Samosir, North Sumatera were subjected to isolation procedure using baiting and filter membrane methods. A total of 23 isolates visually displaying myxobacteria features were selected and molecularly identified. Analysis on their 16S rRNA gene sequences resulted in grouping them in the genus Corallococcus, Cystobacter, and Myxococcus. Antimicrobial assay using agar plug diffusion method revealed that they were able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. Some of the highest inhibition zones were produced by Cystobacter velatus isolates, hence indicating their potential as anti-Candida compound producer.        
FORMULASI LOTION EKSTRAK METHANOL DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) DENGAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI (Lotion Formulation of Moringa Leaves (Moringa Oleifera) Methanol Extract with Antibacterial Activity) Stefani Santi Widhiastuti
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i1.4293

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe skin has an important function in the body's first line of defense. Lotion is used to maintain skin health, one of which is from microorganism infection by the presence of antibacterial substances in the formula. One of the plants that has antibacterial activity is Moringa (Moringa oleifera). The aim of this study was to make a lotion formula containing methanol extract of Moringa leaves which has antibacterial activity. The research was carried out from the extraction stage, phytochemical assay, lotion formulation, and antibacterial activity assay of the extract and lotion. Based on the results of phytochemical assay, methanol extract of Moringa leaves contains saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and steroids, but does not contain triterpenoids. Moringa leaves extract has antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, where the activity increases along with increasing extract concentration. The lotion formula with 3% extract content is the optimum formula with the best antibacterial activity compared to other formulas, lotion base, and positive control with very strong antibacterial activity, seen from the inhibition zone diameter of more than 20 mm against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Keywords: kelor (Moringa oleifera), antibacterial activity, lotion ABSTRAK Kulit memiliki fungsi penting dalam pertahanan pertama tubuh. Lotion digunakan untuk menjaga kesehatan kulit salah satunya dari infeksi mikroorganisme dengan adanya kandungan zat antibakteri dalam sediaan. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri adalah kelor (Moringa oleifera). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat formula lotion dengan kandungan ekstrak methanol daun kelor yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian dilakukan mulai dari tahap ekstraksi, uji kandungan fitokimia ekstrak, uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak, pembuatan formula lotion dan uji aktivitas antibakteri lotion. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia, ekstrak methanol daun kelor mengandung saponin, flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid dan steroid, namun tidak mengandung triterpenoid. Ekstrak methanol daun kelor memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli, S. aureus, dan P. aeruginosa, dimana aktivitasnya semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak. Formula lootion dengan kandungan ekstrak sebesar 3% merupakan formula optimum dengan aktivitas antibakteri paling baik dibandingkan formula lain, basis lotion, maupun kontrol positif dengan aktivitas antibakteri sangat kuat, dilihat dari diameter zona hambat lebih dari 20 mm terhadap bakteri E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Kata kunci: kelor (Moringa oleifera), aktivitas antibakteri, lotion
ULASAN LUMPY SKIN DISEASE: PENYAKIT INFEKSIUS YANG BERPOTENSI MENGANCAM KESEHATAN SAPI DI INDONESIA Diana Nurjanah; Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i1.4060

Abstract

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) merupakan penyakit viral pada bangsa sapi dan kerbau air yang disebabkan oleh virus LSD. Virus ini termasuk ke dalam family Poxviridae, genus Capripoxvirus bersama dengan dua spesies virus lainnya yaitu Goatpox dan Sheeppox. Meskipun LSD bukan penyakit zoonosis, namun infeksi LSD dapat menurunkan performa produksi dan reproduksi pada sapi dan kerbau air yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan dalam berbagai aspek di antaranya penurunan produksi susu, penurunan berat badan, abortus, dan infertilitas hingga kematian. Indonesia sebagai negara bebas dengan risiko rendah dan berpotensi sedang harus mewasdai masuk dan mewabahnya virus ini. Dalam tulisan ini diulas karakterisasi molekuler dari virus LSD yang menjadi langkah penting dalam proses pemahaman mekanisme patogenesitas virus, transmisi virus dan epidemiologi virus, pengembangan reagen kit diagnostik, dan vaksin yang lebih efektif.
TRANSFORMASI PLASMID REKOMBINAN pRI_101-AN MEMBAWA SISIPAN GEN cryIII MELALUI Agrobacterium tumefaciens Febriana Dwi Wahyuni; Muhamad Amza Sidiq; Seprianto Seprianto; Henny Saraswati
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 21, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4256

Abstract

Sweet potato is a plant that give many benefits because of its high carbohydrate content and is an alternative food source. Behind the benefits of sweet potatoes, there is a threat of pest attack that can cause a decrease in production of up to 19.91%. Sweet potato weevil attack on the leaves, stalks, stems, and tubers. The solution to against this pest attack is by engineering using the cry III gene mediated by A. tumefaciens. The aim of this study was to transform a recombinant plasmid carrying the insertion of the cry III gene into A. tumefaciens cells. The results showed that the recombinant plasmid pRI_101-AN carrying the insertion of the cry III gene was successfully transformed into A. tumefaciens cells by electroporation method by producing 36 recombinant clones on LB media with neomycin and kanamycin antibiotics. Results of colony PCR, DNA bands measuring 1900 bp were successfully amplified using gene-specific primers. Results of the isolation of plasmid DNA bands measuring 12000 bp were obtained from the results of electrophoresis. This size corresponds to the recombinant plasmid pRI_101-AN-cry III.

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