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BERITA BIOLOGI

berita_biologi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Articles 2,125 Documents

55 56 57 58 59

LINNAEUSS LEGACY AND BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH IN SWEDEN - PAST AND PRESENT Sundberg, Per
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4(a) (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Tulisan ini menyampaikan empat hal yaitu ringkasan riwayat hidup Linnaeus, sistem klasifikasi menurut Linnaeus dan Darwin,rangkaian DNA dan ilmu sistematik serta ilmu sistematik mutakhir dan penelitian keanekaragaman hayati di Swedia. Linnaeus yang dilahirkan 300 tahun lalu di Swedia selatan, sangat terkenal karena mengenalkan sistem klasifikasi dan penggunaan dua nama atau binomial untuk penamaan spesies. Sistem penamaan binomial sampai saat inf masih digunakan. Penggunaan sistem binomial untuk penamaan tumbuhan dimulai dengan diterbitkannya buku Species Plantarum* pada tahun 1753. Pada binatang, sistem ini pertama kali dikenalkan dalam edisi kesepuluh Systema Naturae pada tahun 1758, yang menjadi titik awal untuk tatanama zoology the Code of Zoological Nomenclature.Sistem klasifikasi menurut Linnaeus bertujuan untuk menyusun keragaman tanpa ada unsur evolusi. Sekitar 100 tahun kemudian Charles Darwin dalam bukunya berjudul the Origin of Speciesmemberi penjelasan lain tentang keragaman hayati yaitu evolusi. Juga Darwin memberi ilustrasi yang sekarang kita sebut pohon filogenetik. dan menyampaikan pemikirannya tentang sistem klasifikasi alami yang merefleksikan silsilah yaitu klasifikasi dan urutan organisme yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan evolusi. Pergeseran dalam ilmu biologi ini kita kenal sebagai filogenetik atau klasifikasi cladistic. Pada tahun 1950an terjadi revolusi dalam ilmu biologi termasuk sistematika, yaitu dengan ditemukannya molekul DNA seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Crick dan Watson. Untuk ilmu sistematik, hal ini merupakan suatu perubahan dramatis yang memungkinkan merekonstruksi filogeni. Rangkaian DNA menyediakan lebih banyak karakter terutama variasi genetik yang tersembunyi dan juga dapat membandingkan jarak antar takson, yang tidak mungkin dilakukan bila hanya berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Perkembangan yang pesat dalam ilmu biologi molekuler tersebut sangat berpengaruh pada ilmu taksonomi dan sistematik mutakhir. Tehnik ini sangat membantu pekerjaan kita dalam memberi nama organisme di seluruh dunia yang sejak zaman Linnaeus sampai sekarang masih belum selesai. Sampai saat ini baru sekitar 1,7 jutajenis yang sudah diberi nama dan dideskripsi, padahal jumlah jenis seluruhnya diduga mencapai 5 sampai 100 juta. Sebagai upaya, pada tahun 2001 Pemerintah Swedia mendirikan The Swedish Species Information Centre dengan programnya yang disebut Swedish Taxonomy Initiative dan sejak tahun 2005 menyediakan anggaran sebesar US$ 9,5 juta per tahun.

MUTASI STRUCTURAL INTRON trnL (UAA) PADA SUKU MERANTI-MERANTIAN (DIPTEROCARPACEAE) Yulita, Kusumadewi Sri
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 6 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

tRNA " UAA (trnL) intron have been widely utilised for phylogenetic reconstruction in angiosperm families. Two main helical elements of secondary structure of trnL intron (stem loop regions P6 and P8) contained the most variable sequences across taxa.Detailed examination on the insertion-deletion events in trnL intron sequences of 110 species of Dipterocarpaceae has identified 4 stem loop structures within both loops.The first stemJoqp was found in P6 loop and three other were discovered in P8 loop.These structures featuring characteristic for genericJinfra-generic level depended upon which taxonomic classifications are foJJowed.One of these structures formed a large loop of 72 nucleotides and was a unique major stem loop in Dipterocarps family whose loop was the major structural mutation of trnL intron in this family.

INDUKSI MUTASI DAN SELEKSI IN VITRO MENGGUNAKAN ASAM FUSARAT UNTUK KETAHANAN PENYAKIT LAYU PADAPISANG AMBON HIJAU Lestari, Endang G; Mariska, I; Roostika, I; Kosmiatin, M
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Due to its high vitamin and nutrition content, banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) is deemed necessary as the mineral resources. The demand on the disease free seedlings are recently increasing. However, facing the problems of Fusarium attack in the production centers, health seedlings in the sufficient number are difficult to be provided. Hence, to solve the problems, mutative induction and in vitro selection to the shoot tip explants has been carried out in banana cv "Ambon Hijau", This research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development. On level of 500; 750; 1000; and 1500 rad, Gamma ray radiation have been applied, continued by in vitro selection by using 0, 30 and 45 mg/1 fusaric acid. The selected explant about 0,5 cm were treated for 2 x 4 week selection period. The result showed that the best medium for regeneration was MS basal medium contains 3 mg/1 BA. The irradiation could increase somaclonal variation as well as created some new somaclones that resistant to fusaric acid. However irradiation and in vitro selection caused inhibition of culture growth. The more dosage of irradiation and concentration of fusaric acid decreased regeneration rate of explant. Inoculation by using conidia (5 g/kg soil) provided 18 putative mutant and higher concentration of conidia (lOg/lOkg soil) produced 37 mutant that resistant to Fusarium.

EFEK GENETIK IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA PADA LALAT BUAH (Drosophila melanogaster Meig) JANTAN PRA KAWIN Sofyan, Rochestri; Sumpena, Yana; Syarif, Supartini; R, Ira Adiyati
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

An investigation about the effect of gamma irradiation on the progeny development of male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster Meig) pre-marital has been done.The purpose of this study is to comprehend the changes in progeny as well as the probability of abnormal phenotype to fruit fly progeny as the result of gamma irradiation to male fruit fly pre-marital.The study has been conducted using Completely Randomize Design method with six repetitions. Pre-marital male fruit flies were irradiated at the doses of 10, 15 and 20 Gy with gamma ray from "Co source, having a dose rate of 0.66 Gy/hour. The irradiated fruit flies and non-irradiated ones as control, mated immediately with virgin female, then the first progeny (F,) was observed. The parameters used in this study were the total number of progeny and the number of abnormal phenotype of the progeny. The data were analyzed by using Analysis of varians (ANOVA), proceeded with Duncan test. Regression analyses was also perform to comprehend how far gamma irradiation affected the fruit fly progeny. The result indicated that gamma irradiation significantly affected (a=l%) the total number of progeny The average total number of fruit fly progeny caused by gamma irradiation with the doses of 10, 15 and 20 Gy, tend to decrease i.e. 43, 81 and 85%. It appeared that gamma irradiation caused mutation which figures as wing abnormality. It was also found that an irradiation dose of 10 Gy do not caused abnormality. Abnormal phenotype to the wing organ began to appear at the given dose of 15 Gy.

ISOLASI GLUKOMANAN DARI DUA JENIS ARACEAE: TALAS {Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott} DAN Iles-iles (Amorphophallus campanulatus Blumei) Chairul, Chairul; Chairul, Sofnie M
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Talas {Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott} and Iles-iles (Amorphophalus campanulatus Blumei) have been used as source of carbohydrate especially in tropical regions, mainly in East Indonesia. Talas and iles-iles, that contains carbohydrate and several substances for instance glucomannan would form viscous liquid and were used as emulgator, capsule cosmetics and dietary.The research was conducted to separate glucomannan from starch of talas and iles-iles fresh and dry (powder).The methods base on speed of revolution (centrifuge) in 5000 to 19000 rpm and the duration of rotation was 10 to 40 minutes and the filtrate was precipitated by using several alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and isobutanol). The results showed that speed of rotation 17 x 1000 rpm with 10 minutes rotation resulted in good glucomannan separation from starch.Ethanol and isopropanol were the best solvent to separate glucomanan from dissolved starch in the filtrate with ratio 2 : 3 and for dry material, and the maximal agitation reached after 2 hours. Glucomannan content on fresh material was higher than as in talas (4.08 %) and iles-iles (5.64 %), compared to these in powder (dried) of talas (3.87 %) and iles-iles (5.41 %). The purerity of isolated glucomannan was higher compared to control.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN TUNAS Typhonium SECARA IN VITRO Hoesen, Djadja Siti Hazar
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 5 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Study on shoots growth and development of Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and T. trilobatum (L.) Schott were carried out by in vitro technique.These species produce tubers are used for cancer medication; also the whole parts of plants has been reported potential for traditional medicine. Chemicals isolated from from crude extract of whole plants of T.flagelliforme are methyl esters of hexedecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9- octadecanoic acid and 9,12- octadecadienoic acid.The chemical contents inhibited/decreased the proliferation of human leukaemia cell lines in test.For medical and cosmetics industrial usage of the plants requires supply materials continously of which in turn necessitate its cultivation and planting. The planting materials can be produced efficiently by micro propagation or in vitro technique. The objective of the study was to evaluate the culture respond to the plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments effect. The experiment was designed with completely randomized designed (CRD).The study was indicated that proliferation of shoot were optimum in the growth medium was supplemented with N6-Benzyladenine (BA) 1mg/l and NAA 0,5 mg/l. Acclimatization stage and planted to the soil were successful, almost whole (90-95 %) plants were survive.

ADDITIONAL NEW RECORDS OF BIRDS OF GUNUNG HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK BASED ON BANDING STUDIES [Rekaman Baru Burung (Tambahan) dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Berdasarkan Studi Pemitaan] Prawiradilaga, Dewi M; Marakarmah, A; Wijamukti, S; Kundarmasno, A
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 7, No 1&2 (2004)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS POHON PADA HUTAN TERGANGGU DI DAERAH KORIDOR TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN Yusuf, Razali
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 7, No 1&2 (2004)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study on the disturbed forest in the corridor of Gunung Halimun National Park has been carried out in order to know the tree species diversity and species composition.The research located at the corridor area of Gn Halimun National Park around Purwabakti and Pulasari villages.The corridor area are roles as the bridge of flora between Salak mountain and Halimun mountain.The recorded tree species at 1 ha plot shows that from 441 individu was 69 species belong to 47 genera and 33 families.From 815 individu the recorded sapling 87 species belong to 68 genera in 40 families. Maesopsis eminii, is an introduced tree but in this study it was recorded as a very dominant species. Futhermore Lauraceae was reported as the biggest family with 9 species.Two species of Cyatheaceae, were encountered during the research, and this family namely Cyathea sp.and Cyathea contaminans has the biggest number of individu by having Family Importance Value (FIV) = 34.21 for tree and FIV = 42.11 for sapling. Fagaceae family was represented by the presence of Lithocarpus spicatus & Castanopsis gemelliflora, and it is as the next biggest number of individu 2 (FIV =31.66) and basal area is 2.7 m .

KOMUNITAS MIKROBA PENGAKUMULASI GLIKOGEN Supriyati, Dyah; Rahayu, Rita Dwi; Imamuddin, Hartati
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 5 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v8i5.1896

Activated sludge originated from anaerobic-aerobic process waste water treatment plan was acclimated with glucose and acetate.The experiment was conducted in 1 L working volume of sequential batch reactor (SBR) that was adjusted to 0, 25 kg m day.Glucose was effectively utilized by microbial community in anaerobic condition, and glycogen synthesis was occurred in aerobic condition.Suppression of polyphosphate accumulating organism was caused by the domination of glycogen accumulating organism and the high of nitrate production. In order to accelerate the community polyphosphate accumulating organisms then to the competitor of these communities must be pressured.

PROTEIN TOKSININSEKTISIDAL DARI BAKTERI PATOGEN SERANGGA Photorhabdus luminescens HJ Akhdiya, Alina; Pratiwi, Etty; Samudra, I Made
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 6 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Photorhabdus luminescens HJ is an entomopathogenic bacterium that has a high toxicity against Tenebrio molitor larvae.Toxicity assay of crude extra cellular protein precipitated using ammonium sulphate showed that the highest toxin activity was found in 70 % saturation. Purification of the toxin using Hi Prep 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR column exhibited one fraction of toxic protein and three fractions of non-toxic protein. Mortality of T. molitor larvae treated with 19.2 nanogram of toxic fraction was up to 80%. Denatured protein analysis using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the toxic fraction was composed of three proteins, which were 19.5, 42, and 66 kDa respectively. Based on toxin activity bioassay, this toxin type was an injectable toxin and presumably classified as Mcf toxin.

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