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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
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Articles 964 Documents
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The correlation between exposure to cigarette smoke and the degree of mucosal epithelium-based dysplasia in Rattus norvegicus tongues Dorisna Prijaryanti; Diah Savitri Ernawati; Desiana Radithia; Hening Tuti Hendarti; Rosnah Binti Zain
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 52 No. 4 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i4.p187-191

Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoke contains various carcinogenic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines. These chemicals not only have the potential to damage DNA, but can also induce genetic mutations and activate genes that function during apoptosis. Thus, if the gene is dysregulated, it will cause cells to survive, proliferate and subsequently lead to the development of cancerous ones. Histologically, the carcinogenic process affecting the oral cavity starts with hyperplasia and dysplasia, followed by severe dysplasia then leading to invasive cancer and metastatic processes in other bodies. Purpose: This study aims to reveal the correlation between exposure to cigarette smoke and the degree of epithelial dysplasia evident in research subjects. Methods: This study used 27 samples of Rattus norvegicus tongue, divided into three groups, namely; a control group, a treatment group subjected to four weeks’ exposure to cigarette smoke, and a treatment group subjected to exposure lasting eight weeks. Each rat was placed in an individual chamber and exposed to smoke from 20 cigarettes introduced by a pump via a pipe for 7.5 minutes. The degree of epithelial dysplasia in each case was subsequently observed microscopically using HE staining technique. Results: Mild epithelial dysplasia increased by 0.82%, during the fourth week of exposure to cigarette smoke and by 2.99% during the eighth week. Similarly, moderate epithelial dysplasia rose by 5.29% during the fourth week of exposure and 5.99% during the eighth week. Severe epithelial dysplasia also increased by 2.2% during the fourth week of exposure and by 2.66% during the eighth week. Conclusion: The longer the exposure to cigarette smoke, the higher the degree of ensuing dysplasia.
Correlation of the vertical dimension of occlusion with five distances between facial landmarks among those of Batak Toba ethnicity Rehulina Ginting; Debora Lovelisa Hinson Simbolon
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 53 No. 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i1.p30-35

Abstract

Background: The normal vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) results in orofacial and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) biomechanical balance. If the VDO changes due to attrition, full edentulism, accidents involving the lower third of the face and even improper denture manufacturing will result in the disruption of mastication, speech and aesthetic functions. Therefore, the right technique is needed to predict the correct VDO. Purpose: To identify the correlation values and regression equation of the VDO for five distances between facial landmarks among people of Batak Toba ethnicity. Methods: This research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. A purposive-sampling technique obtained 30 Batak Toba subjects, consisting of 15 males and 15 females aged 19–24 years. The data were analysed by an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, the Pearson correlation, and linear regression (p<0.05). Results: A significant difference distance in the VDO (p=0.0001, p<0.05) was observed between male subjects (72.96±3.75mm) and female subjects (65.24±5.12mm). A positive and significant correlation was observed between the VDO distance and the facial landmark distances, where the criteria for significant correlation were the RO–Pu distance being {r male=0.723(p=0.02) and female=0.650(p=0.09)} and the OC–RO distance being {r male=0.689(p=0.004) and female=0.615(p=0.015)}; the moderate correlation criteria were the OC–IC distance being {r male=0.476(p=0.045) and female=0.428(p=0.043)}, the E–E being {r male=0.435(p=0.043) and female=0.458(p=0.047)}, and the EH being {r male=0.398(p=0.051) and female=0.414(p=0.051)}. The regression equation for the VDO distance in males is {[22.694 + 0.673 (RO–Pu)], [24.371 + 0.642 (OC–RO} and in females is {[23.017 + 0.616 (RO–Pu)], [21.795 + 0.632 (OC–RO)]}. Conclusion: The distances of RO–Pu and OC–RO have the strongest correlation with the VDO in people of Batak Toba ethnicity.
The effects of different 650 nm laser diode irradiation times on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells Kun Ismiyatin; Ari Subiyanto; Ika Tangdan; Rahmi Nawawi; Reinold C. Lina; Rizky Ernawati; Hendy Jaya Kurniawan
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 52 No. 3 (2019): September 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i3.p142-146

Abstract

Background: Endo-perio lesions are clinical manifestations of inflammation in the periodontal and pulp tissue. Damage to the periodontal ligament can inhibit its ability to regenerate. Therefore, laser therapy use is expected to improve the prognosis with regard to healing lesions. Unfortunately, the duration of irradiation during laser diode therapy can influence the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effects of different irradiation exposure times of the 650 nm laser diode of the pulsed mode type on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells. Methods: This study constituted a laboratory experiment on hPDLF cells using 650 nm laser diode irradiation. Six groups formed the research subjects in this study, namely; two control groups, two radiation groups respectively subjected to irradiation exposure of 15 seconds and 35 seconds duration followed by 24-hour incubation, and two radiation groups exposed to irradiation for 15 and 35 seconds respectively followed by 72-hour incubation period. The viability and proliferation of those cells were subsequently calculated by ELISA reader, while the data was analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The significance value of the viability scores between the 15-second irradiation group and the 35-second irradiation group was less than 0.05, indicating that there was a significant difference between these treatment groups. Similarly, the significance value of proliferation scores between the 15-second irradiation group and the 35-second irradiation group was less than 0.05, again indicating a significant difference between these treatment groups. Conclusion: Irradiation using a 650 nm laser diode 15 seconds and 35 seconds in duration can induce an increase in the viability and proliferation of hPDLF cells.
Potential of 5% tamarind extract gel as an etching agent: tensile strength and scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation Erawati Wulandari; Faiqatin Cahya Ramadhani; Nadie Fatimatuzzahro
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 53 No. 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i1.p16-19

Abstract

Background: Acid etching is a stage in obtaining bonds between composites and enamel. The application of acid to the enamel surface, however, can cause dissolution of hydroxyapatite and demineralisation of the enamel surface. Phosphoric acid, a strong acid, is an etching material that can reduce enamel hardness. Excessively reducing hardness can interfere with attachment to the restorative material. One medicinal plant that can be used as an alternative material in acid etching is tamarind. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of 5% tamarind extract gel on the tensile strength of composite resins. Methods: This is an experimental research study with a post-test-only control-group design. The study used 14 mandibular incisors. The labial part of the incisor was prepared using a diamond fissure bur with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 2 mm. The control group was then etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel, while the experimental group was etched with 5% tamarind extract gel. Bonding resins and micro-hybrid composite resins were applied, based on the manufacturers’ instructions. Next, a tensile strength test and seeing formation resin tags by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. Data were analysed using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). Results: The average tensile strength of composite resins in the group etched with 5% tamarind extract gel was the same as in the 37% phosphoric acid group (p > 0.05). SEM images also show that enamel etched with 5% tamarind extract gel produced a tag similar to that etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel. Conclusion: 5% tamarind extract as an etching material can generate tensile strength of composite resin and trigger formation of resin tags in the same way as 37% phosphoric acid.
The effect of propolis extract and bovine bone graft combination on the number of osteoclast and osteoblast as an effort to preserve post-extraction socket (on Cavia cobaya) Much Nizar; Utari Kresnoadi; S. Soekobagiono
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 53 No. 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i1.p10-15

Abstract

Background: Post-extraction alveolar bone height and width never reach the same dimensions as before extraction. A combination of propolis extracts and bovine bone graft (BBG) that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, osteoinductive and osteconductive is expected to improve bone regeneration. Purpose: Knowing the effect of the combination of propolis extracts and BBG on the number of osteoclast and osteoblast as an effort to preserve the socket after extraction of Cavia cobaya teeth. Methods: 56 Cavia cobaya was divided into eight groups: the lower left incisor was extracted, and the socket was filled with 2% poly ethylene glycol (PEG), propolis extract+PEG, BBG+PEG, and a combination of propolis extract+BBG+PEG. The incisors socket of animals models were executed on the 14th and 30th days. Using HE for histopathological examination, the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were counted with a 400x magnification light microscope with nine visual fields. The data were analysed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The highest mean number of osteoclasts occurred in the BBG+PEG 14th day group and the lowest occurred in the propolis extract+BBG+PEG 14th day group. The highest mean number of osteoblasts occurred in the propolis + BBG + PEG combination 30th day group, the lowest occurred in the control group (PEG) on the 14th day. Conclusion: The 2% combination of propolis extracts and BBG effectively reduces the osteoclast number and increases the osteoblast number in preserving the socket after extracting Cavia cobaya teeth.
The potency of Immunoglobulin Y anti Porphyromonas gingivalis to inhibit the adherence ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis on enterocytes Nova Andriani Hepitaria; Indeswati Diyatri; Markus Budi Rahardjo; Rini Devijanti Ridwan
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 53 No. 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i1.p20-23

Abstract

Background: Pophyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) bacteria are the main type of bacterium that cause chronic periodontitis. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a type of immunoglobulin found in poultry, such as chickens and birds. IgY can be used as an alternative method of preventing the accumulation of plaque that causes chronic periodontitis. Purpose: To determine the ability of IgY anti P. gingivalis to inhibit adherence of P. gingivalis. Methods: The samples were divided into eight groups, each group containing 10 ml of IgY anti P. gingivalis and 50 ml of enterocyte cells. The control group contained 50 ml of IgY anti P. gingivalis, and 50 ml of enterocyte cells. Serial dilution was carried out to the first seven groups, with the first group containing 90 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 10 ml IgY anti P. gingivalis, and the second to seventh groups containing 50 ml PBS before adding 50 ml of enterocyte cells and 50 ml of bacterial suspension per group. The number of bacteria was calculated as an adherence index value using a light microscope. Results: This study shows that IgY anti P. gingivalis significantly reduces the adherence index value of P. gingivalis. Conclusion: IgY anti P. gingivalis has potency to inhibit the adherence of P. gingivalis.
Minimum inhibitory concentration of cocoa pod husk extract in Enterococcus faecalis extracellular polymeric substance biofilm thickness Tamara Yuanita; Latief Mooduto; Reinold Christian Lina; Fajar Agus Muttaqin; Ika Tangdan; Revina Ester Iriani Marpaung; Yulianti Kartini Sunur
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 52 No. 4 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i4.p215-218

Abstract

Background: Root canal treatment constitutes a treatment sequence for infected pulp to eliminate the etiological factors of pulp necrosis and periapical lesion. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is an organism commonly found in a high proportion of root canal failure because of its ability to form biofilm. Degradation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) by oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite is the first step in removing biofilm. However, the toxicity of sodium hypochlorite constitutes the main concern and, therefore, the safest alternative irrigants possible are required. The use of fruits, herbs and plants is widespread, especially in the fields of medicine and dentistry. Food crops are known to be rich in bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Cocoa pod husk extract can, therefore, represent an alternative irrigant. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of cocoa pod husk extract in relation to the thickness of E. faecalis EPS biofilm. Methods: Four groups of E. faecalis cultured biofilm samples were analysed: group one contained E. faecalis without cocoa pod husk as a positive control; group two contained E. faecalis with 1.56% cocoa pod husk extract; group 3 contained E. faecalis with 3.125% cocoa pod husk extract; and group 4 contained E. faecalis with 6.25% cocoa pod husk extract. The biofilm thickness of all groups was measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy with statistical analysis subsequently undertaken by means of a post hoc test and Tukey HSD. Results: The average values of EPS biofilm thickness were as follows: group 1: 9500 nm; group 2: 8125 nm; group 3: 8000 nm; and group 4: 6375 nm. A post hoc Tukey HSD test indicated a significant difference between group 1 and group 4, while in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1, there were no significant differences with the values of each being p = 0.340 and p = 0.267 (p>0.05). Conclusion: 6.25% cocoa pod husk extract reduces E. faecalis EPS biofilm thickness.
A comparison of the severity of oral candidiasis between gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus Ayu Ragil Destrian Pangestu; Siti Nosya Rachmawati; Leni Rokhma Dewi; Mei Syafriadi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 52 No. 3 (2019): September 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i3.p110-116

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient insulin production due to pancreatic β cell destruction, whereas in gestational diabetics an increase of hormone estrogen induces insulin resistance. Oral candidiasis constitutes an opportunistic fungal infection due to a compromised immune system that is a medical condition reported by diabetics, including those suffering from gestational diabetes. Purpose: To determine the severity of oral candidiasis in female Wistar rats with type 1 and gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: This research constituted a laboratory experiment incorporating a post test-only group control design whose subjects were female Wistar rats divided along the following lines: group 1 consisted of diabetic non-pregnant rats, group 2 contained diabetic pregnant rats induced by streptozotocin and the control group members constituted normal female rats. Diabetes induction was performed by means of 40 mg/kgBW streptozotocin administrated intraperitoneally. Diabetes mellitus was confirmed when the blood glucose level ≥ 120 mg/dL. All groups were exposed to 0.2 ml Candida albicans suspension (5x108 CFU/ml) in the oral buccal vestibule between the distal incisors and mesial maxillary first molar for three days. A swab was performed on the third day after final exposure before the samples were observed under a light microscope. Candida albicans cultivation and calculation of the resulting colonies was carried out on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar after they had been identified by means of a germ tube test. Results: The result confirmed the absence of hyphae in the control group, while in group 1 all samples contained hyphae. Moreover, group 2 featured a dense hyphae population. A chi-square test indicated a statistical significance (p<0.05) between all groups. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis in gestational diabetes is more severe than that occurring during type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Dentoalveolar changes in post-twin block appliance orthodontic treatment class II dentoskeletal malocclusion Y Yoana; Eka Chemiawan; Arlette Suzy Setiawan
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 4 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i4.p211-215

Abstract

Background: The analysis of cephalometric radiographs provides information about facial skeletal structures, jaw bone-base relationships, incisive-axial inclination relationships, soft tissue morphology, growth direction and pattern, malocclusion classification and the limitations of orthodontic treatments. In class II malocclusion, the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar rests between the first mandibular molar and the second premolar. A twin block appliance is recommended to treat Class II dentoskeletal malocclusion with retrognathic mandible characteristics. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the dentoalveolar alterations in class II dentoskeletal malocclusion with retrognathic mandible characteristics after orthodontic treatment with twin block appliance based on a Steiner analysis. Methods: This research constitutes a retrospective study using secondary data derived from the lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients with Class II malocclusion treated with twin block appliance at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of the Oral and Dental Hospital, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung. The data was analyzed using a T-test for normally distributed paired data. In cases where data was not normally distributed, a Wilcoxon test was employed. Results: The average measurements showed statistically significant dentoalveolar changes among class II malocclusion patients after twin block appliance treatment when analyzed using the paired t-test based on Steiner method cephalometric radiograph analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that a twin block appliance is effective in treating class II dentoskeletal malocclusion with a retrognathic mandible based on dentoalveolar changes resulting from Steiner analysis.
Effects of glycerin application on the hardness of nanofilled composite immersed in tamarind soft drinks Titis Mustikaningsih Handayani; Raditya Nugroho; Lusi Hidayati; Dwi Warna Aju Fatmawati; Agus Sumono
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 52 No. 2 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i2.p95-99

Abstract

Background: Loss of tooth structure is a consideration in the performance of restorative treatment involving nanofilled composite resins. Material polymerization factors and water absorption can affect the hardness of composite resins. Imperfect polymerization producing an oxygen inhibited layer (OIL) and causing water absorption can even compromise the hardness of nanofilled composite resins. Tamarind soft drink, on the other hand, has an acidic pH that compromises the hardness of nanofilled composite resins. Purpose: This study aimed to reveal the effects of glycerin application on the hardness of nanofilled composite resins immersed in tamarind soft drinks. Methods: The research constituted a laboratory experiment using 24 nanofilled composite resin samples with diameters of 5mm or 2mm, divided into six groups, namely: Group G, Group G AS 60, Group G AS 120, Group TG, Group TG AS 60, and Group TG AS 120. Glycerin was applied to the surfaces of three groups before curing, while the other three groups were not treated with glycerin. Finishing was subsequently conducted on all samples using a highspeed handpiece and superfine finishing bur, before they were polished with a low speed handpiece. The samples were then divided into specific groups, namely: a group with a 120-minute immersion time, a group with a 60-minute immersion time, and a group which was not immersed and maintained at a temperature of 37oC. Each sample was tested at three points using a Vickers hardness tester (VHT). Results: The results showed that the groups with glycerin had a higher hardness level than those groups. In addition, the non-immersed groups had a higher hardness level than those groups which were immersed. The one-way ANOVA test results confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between all groups. Conclusion: The application of glycerin to nanofilled composite resins immersed in tamarind soft drinks can increase their hardness levels.

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