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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 970 Documents
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Knowledge, attitude, practices, awareness, and confidence (KAPAC) among general dental practitioners on basic periodontal examination (BPE) Mohd Noh, Nur Zety; Wan Ismail, Wan Nur Syamimie; Wan Maznan, Wan Nur Izzati; Mohamed Khazin, Sobrina; Ardini, Yunita Dewi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i1.p33-40

Abstract

Background: General dental practitioners (GDP) are responsible for providing new patients with periodontal screening. However, the knowledge, attitude, practices, awareness, and confidence (KAPAC) of GDP in performing basic periodontal examination (BPE) are still unclear. Purpose: This study identified the KAPAC towards performing BPE among GDP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, distributed online to Malaysian GDP. The questionnaire consisted of six sections: respondents’ demographics, knowledge, attitude, practices, awareness, and confidence in performing BPE. Data were analysed descriptively and Spearman’s correlation coefficient test was employed to determine the correlation between knowledge, attitude and practices towards awareness and confidence. Results: A total of 137 GDP responded to the questionnaire. Majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge (73.0%), positive attitude (89.8%) and good practices (75.0%) towards performing BPE. Only 66.4% and 51.8% of respondents had high awareness and confidence, respectively. The knowledge and practices of BPE showed a weak positive correlation (p<0.05) with awareness and confidence in performing BPE, with correlation coefficients ranging from r=0.211 to r=0.346. Conclusion: A moderate to good level of KAPAC is found among GDP towards BPE. Patient oral health outcomes would benefit from a greater focus on periodontal screening education and practice. Further emphasis should be placed on the importance of periodontal screenings for patient care.
Maxillary protraction effectiveness in adolescents with cleft palate: A systematic review and network meta-analysis Madawana, Ashwini M.; Ruslan, Ahmad Hashridz; Nawi, Mohamad Arif Awang
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i1.p14-24

Abstract

Background: Adolescent patients with maxillary hypoplasia due to cleft may benefit from maxillary protraction therapy. Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of different maxillary protraction methods in adolescents with cleft palate through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through electronic searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to 2024. Randomized and controlled clinical trials assessing maxillary protraction outcomes in this population were included. Risk of bias was evaluated, and pooled data were analyzed using a random-effects model and network meta-analytic techniques. Results: The post-treatment results of A-VRP, ANB, A-N perp, Wits, overjet, and SNA landmark mean differences indicate successful correction of class III malocclusion and protrusion of the maxilla. Based on a subgroup study of the face mask with mini-plate (FM-MP) and class III intermaxillary elastic (C3-IE) subgroups, the FM-MP subgroup exhibited more pronounced alterations in SNA, ANB, and overjet features than the C3-IE subgroup. When the outcomes of these two treatment methods were examined, no statistically significant differences were discovered—except for the overjet subgroup. Utilizing class III elastics with bone anchors was less successful in boosting overjet than using FM-MPs. Conclusion: Maxillary protraction therapy is a good substitute for teenagers with cleft lip and palate deformities.
Influence of oral aesthetics on overall appraisal of facial aesthetics Abirami , S.; Afroz, Shaista; Nawab, Tabassum; Rajput, Geeta
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i1.p55-62

Abstract

Background: Uneven dentition is a cause of dissatisfaction to many. However, irregularities in teeth may be less unattractive when viewed from a full-face perspective than from a circumoral view. Purpose: To ascertain the influence of dental aesthetics (DA) on the overall appraisal of facial aesthetics (FA) and to compare the perception of the general population with that of dental experts. Methods: Frontal and circumoral view photographs with mild-to-moderate dental asymmetries were selected for FA and DA evaluation. Participants from the general population assessed attractiveness using a questionnaire (validated in a pilot study) with questions on FA and DA. Dental experts assessed attractiveness using the Dental Esthetic Screening Index with extraoral and intraoral components. Smile mesh measurements were taken to calculate the various attributes of smiles. Results: The experts considered that all the images had insufficient-to-good aesthetics (mean score: 20.82±6.545), and a statistically significant correlation was identified between the two variables (R2=0.04, p=0.0015). The general population considered all the images to have satisfactory-to-good aesthetics (mean score: 15.8±3.006), and no correlation was identified between the two variables for all the images taken individually and cumulatively (R2=0.002, p=0.46). It was observed that there was a statistically significant correlation between patient scores as the dependent variable and expert scores as the independent variable (R2=0.24, p<0.001). Conclusion: Facial attractiveness overshadowed dental irregularities and influenced the general population’s judgment; however, the dental experts’ judgment was influenced by intraoral aesthetics.
Fabrication of composite block from beta-tricalcium phosphate and polyacrylic acid via freeze-drying method Tjandrawinata, Rosalina; Eddy; Halim, Rafhaela Johanna; Swe, Thet Thet; Putri, Tansza Setiana
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i1.p63-67

Abstract

Background: Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is widely used in bone grafting due to its biocompatibility and bioresorbability. Recently, there has been growing interest in using sustainable materials, such as green mussel shells, as an alternative source for β-TCP. These shells, rich in calcium carbonate, provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for β-TCP synthesis. Purpose: To fabricate composite blocks from β-TCP derived from green mussel shells, mixed with polyacrylic acid (PAA), using a setting reaction and freeze-drying method. Methods: Beta-tricalcium phosphate powder was obtained via wet precipitation, starting with calcium carbonate from green mussel shells, converting it to calcium oxide, and then to β-TCP. The resulting powder was mixed with PAA, set, and freeze-dried to form composite blocks. Results: Characterization of the composite blocks for porosity and diametral tensile strength (DTS) showed that blocks made with green mussel shell-derived β-TCP had rougher surfaces due to larger particles than control blocks made with commercial β-TCP. Composite blocks with 70% green mussel shell-derived β-TCP and 30% PAA exhibited significantly higher porosity (26.97% ± 2.64%) and DTS (11.76 ± 1.59 MPa) than those made with commercial β-TCP (porosity: 13.40% ± 1.56%; DTS: 7.79 ± 1.29 MPa). Reducing β-TCP content to 60% resulted in increased porosity (34.22% ± 1.84%) and lower DTS (6.41 ± 0.78 MPa). Conclusion: Composite blocks made from green mussel shell-derived β-TCP and PAA showed higher porosity and significantly higher DTS than blocks made from commercial β-TCP. Decreasing β-TCP content increased porosity but decreased DTS.
Palatal masticatory soft-tissue thickness and its relation to skeletal profile and palatal depth: a clinico-radiographic study Mody, Dhawal; Biradar, Vaishnavi; Lathiya, Vrushali; Kolte, Abhay
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i1.p102-107

Abstract

Background: Skeletal profile plays a significant role in craniofacial morphology and may alter the spatial positioning of anatomical structures. The palatal mucosa is used for free grafts in periodontics to surgically treat specific alveolar ridge deficiencies through various ridge augmentation techniques, as well as to increase the width of keratinized gingiva in dentate patients. Purpose: To evaluate palatal masticatory soft-tissue thickness and its relation to skeletal profile and palatal depth. Methods: Ninety systemically and periodontally healthy Indian patients, aged 18 to 50 years, were enrolled in the study. Ninety lateral cephalograms were taken and divided into three groups: brachyfacial (30), mesofacial (30), and dolichofacial (30). Bone sounding was carried out under local anesthesia at 24 defined anatomical sites, and palatal depth was calculated by using a vernier caliper directly on the palate. Results: With an average thickness of 2.0 to 4.06 mm, at 11 mm, there were noticeably more males than females in the group. In brachyfacial patients, there was no significant shift in the palatal thickness at 3 mm and 7 mm between genders. Palatal depth was greatest in dolichofacial patients and least in brachyfacial patients. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between skeletal profile and palatal soft-tissue thickness in dolichofacial patients, and there is no significant difference in palatal soft-tissue thickness between male and females; however, at 11 mm in male brachyfacial patients, a significant difference is present. Even in younger individuals, subepithelial connective tissue grafts can be harvested in sufficient volume to meet the requirements of grafting procedures.
A comparison of tooth development between Iraqi and French Canadian children aged 4–14 years Noaman, Bushra Rashid; Al-Kubaisi, Hassan Abdulhadi; Baqal, Muhannad Dilshad; Gahetly, Muhammad Daham
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p108-113

Abstract

Background: Teeth development is very important in pedodontic and orthodontic practices and even in forensic dentistry. Demirjian and Goldstein Maturation Standard proved its significance in many countries around the world. Purpose: This study was a comparison of teeth development between French-Canadian children and Iraqi children using the Demirjian method. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using 223 orthopantomograms (OPGs) for Iraqi patients aged 4-14 years (118 boys and 105 girls). The maturity standard put by Demirjian and Goldstein (1973) was used. Then the dental age (DA) for each chronological age (CA) in all age groups and compared with the Demirjian and Goldstein maturation standard for French-Canadian children. Statistical analysis used: SPSS was used. The statistical significance between Iraqi DA (IDA) and Demirjian DA (DDA) was tested at level p≤0.05 was significant. Results There was a significant underestimation in the age 4-7 years and a significant overestimation in the ages 8-11 years of Iraqi girls. While the girls aged 12-14 were the same DA as the French-Canadian children. The DA of the Iraq boys significantly precedes the ages of French-Canadian at ages 4-7 and significantly overestimated the Iraqi 9, 10, and 12 while at ages 8, 11, 13, and 14-year-old boys there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Demirjian and Goldstein Maturation Standard cannot be considered standard for Iraqi children.
Antibacterial properties of herbal denture cleanser based on Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff. leaves Kartikasari, Nadia; Sitalaksmi, Ratri Maya; Arifin, Muhammad Rafi Nurfaiz; Imani, Aurelia Della; Dahlan, Agus; Laksono, Harry; Gofur , Aisyah Rachmadani Putri
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p134-140

Abstract

Background: Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are one therapeutic option for tooth loss replacement. Despite its high absorption and porous qualities, acrylic resin—which is frequently used as the base material for RPDs—may encourage the growth of microorganisms and the development of plaque. Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff (G. pictum) has been commonly used in herbal medicine due to its pharmacological effects, which include immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Purpose: This study aims to assess the antibacterial properties of an herbal denture cleanser based on G. pictum in effervescent granule against Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Methods: The antibacterial activity was examined using the spread plate method at different time points. The number of Aa and Pg bacteria was determined using colony-forming units (CFUs) and bactericidal ratio (BR%). The statistical analysis employed the Kruskal–Wallis and post-hoc Mann–Whitney U tests (P < 0.05). Results: The results indicate that the herbal cleanser’s antibacterial effectiveness against Aa and Pg increased significantly over time, reaching its optimal level after a 15-minute soaking period, as evidenced by the CFUs and BR%. Conclusion: The herbal denture cleanser based on G. pictum demonstrated antibacterial properties against Pg and Aa, which are significant pathogens in oral infections. These results indicate that this herbal formulation has potential as an effective alternative for future denture cleaning applications.
The effect of the Oral Health Programme (bGEMS) on the oral health knowledge and attitudes of trainee teachers in Malaysia Paiizi, Munirah; Md Bohari, Nor Faezah; Mohd Radzi, Nawwal Alwani
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p114-119

Abstract

Background: The Oral Health Programme for Trainee Teachers (bGEMS) is an annual collaborative program between the Malaysian Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education. It was established in 1991 to enhance the oral health awareness of trainee teachers at the Institutes of Teacher Education (ITE). Despite being operational for over 30 years, limited evidence is available documenting the impact of bGEMS on trainee teachers’ oral health knowledge and attitudes, which may contribute to improving schoolchildren’s oral health. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bGEMS by comparing oral health knowledge and attitudes between bGEMS participants and non-participants. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design, with trainee teachers assigned to either the intervention (121 trainees) or control (119 trainees) groups. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire comprising 20 knowledge items and 10 attitude items. The data were analyzed using independent t-tests, paired t-tests, and simple linear regression. Results: The findings revealed that the intervention group showed significant improvements in oral health knowledge (0.70 ± 2.50, p=0.002) and attitudes (0.09 ± 0.31, p=0.002) following bGEMS. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the intervention group showed significant improvements in oral health knowledge (0.70 ± 2.50, p=0.002) and attitudes (0.09 ± 0.31, p=0.002) following bGEMS.
Dental caries and quality of life among primary school children Theresia, Tiarma Talenta; Andayani, Lia Hapsari; Soulissa, Abdul Gani; Lestari, Sri
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p120-125

Abstract

Background: Oral health problems are still commonly found in Indonesia because there is a prevailing belief that dental issues do not cause death and, therefore, are not a priority. The prevalence of dental caries in children aged 10–14 years in Jakarta is 37.2%. Untreated dental caries can have various negative effects. Persistent pain may lead to difficulty chewing and sleep disturbances, affecting quality of life and productivity. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of caries on oral health in primary school students in West Jakarta. Methods: The study was conducted in seven public primary schools in West Jakarta between March 2024 and August 2024. Oral examinations and questionnaire surveys were completed by all students from the fourth to sixth grades, with a total sample size of 869 students. In this study, caries was the dependent variable, and the independent variable was oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Data analysis involved bivariate analysis using the Spearman correlation test. Results: There is a significant relationship between dental caries and OHRQoL (p = 0.01). Questions that are statistically related to caries were mostly found in the socio-emotional well-being dimension. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a correlation between dental caries and OHRQoL, indicating that a higher number of dental caries is associated with poorer quality of life.
Assessment of apoptotic mediators in different periodontal plights: apoptosis markers in periodontal diseases Ali, Asem Mohammed Kamel; Badr, Bahaa M.; Ali, Abdullah I.; Mizer, Mohamoud A.; Abdelrahman, Ahmed M.; Ali, Asmaa Rashad; Ghorab, Abdel-Moneim M. I.; El Sherbeny, Mohammed G. M.; Althoqapy, Azza A.
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p126-133

Abstract

Background: Highly expressed apoptosis markers in an inflammatory condition were observed following periodontal breakdown with obscure lineaments. Purpose: This trial aimed to assess the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) level of caspase-3, -8, -9, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in various periodontal conditions. Methods: These investigations were conducted on 50 contributors whose conditions were classified as follows: Group 1—clinically healthy gingiva; Group 2—mild periodontitis (Stage 1, Grade A); Group 3—moderate periodontitis (Stage 2, Grade A); Group 4—severe periodontitis (Stage 3, Grade A); Group 5—very severe periodontitis (Stage 4, Grade C). Quantities of caspase-3, -8, -9, and AIF were estimated in GCF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In-between group dissimilarities were compared by analysis of variance. Correlations among caspase-3, -8, -9, AIF standards, and clinical periodontal variables were observed by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. When comparing Stage 4, Grade C periodontitis with Stage 3, Grade A periodontitis, there was a statistically significant difference in all clinical variables. The caspase-3 level of 10.5 ± 3.68 ng/ml in the healthy group reached 37.5 ± 5.14 ng/ml in the periodontitis Stage 4, Grade C group; the caspase-8 level of 11.24 ± 2.59 ng/ml in the healthy group reached 32.63 ± 4.8 ng/ml in the periodontitis Stage 4, Grade C group; the caspase-9 level of 40.61 ± 14.2 ng/ml in the healthy group reached 89.47 ± 21.3 ng/ml in the periodontitis Stage 4, Grade C group; the AIF level of 207 ± 63.98 ng/ml in the healthy group reached 1,992 ± 454.5 ng/ml in the periodontitis Stage 4, Grade C group. Only caspase-9 and AIF can differentiate between periodontitis Stage 3 and periodontitis Stage 4. Conclusion: A positive correlation between apoptotic biomarkers and the progression of periodontal diseases was observed. An increased level of apoptotic factors in Stage 3, Grade A and Stage 4, Grade C periodontitis suggests an influential role of lysosomal enzymes in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

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