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THE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ESTIMATION OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS IN A SIMPLE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM Harsoyo Purnomo
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v1i1, April.80

ABSTRACT The knowledge of net primary production of ?é?áherbaceous plants on certain area is very important?é?á because the net primary production can be used to estimate the envi-ronmental support, estimating the competitiveness of?é?á herbaceous plants (weeds) to-ward the cultivated plants which become problems for farmers. The objective of the study was to investigate: (i). the increase rates of biomass (standing crop) or net primary production per unit area in one month; (ii) estimation of total net primary production of herbaceous plants in research area; ?é?á(iii) the fac-tors that directly affect on continuous gradual change of biomass during research pe-riod; (iv) the community composition of herbaceous plants in research area. The net primary production estimation study was carried out on rubber plantation area Mijen, Semarang. Ten stands were selected subjectively,?é?á and in each stand was placed three permanent plots, each is 40 X 25 cm. From the plot 1 the living and dead plant material should be collected.?é?á From plot 2, all of the living shoot material should be removed but all of the dead plant material left in place. At the end of the production period, the dead shoot material should be collected from plot II and the living shoot material, dead shoot material, and total root material from plot 3. The material should be sorted, and dried at oven at 100o C for 48 hours and weighed. The result of the study shows that there is difference of dry weights (standing crop biomass) on the beginning and the end of research is 9.525 g/plot for living shoot material, and 5.483 g/plot for dead shoot material. Mean of total net production in one month is 25.899 g/plot or 103,596 g-cal/m2. The factors that directly affect on continuous gradual change of biomass during research period is edaphic and climatic factors. The communitycomposition of herbaceous plants in research area was dominated by Brachiaria reptans. The conclusion is that the net primary production in research area was estimated. The continuous gradual change of?é?á biomass during ?é?áresearch period was affected by environmental condition that is edaphic and climatic factors Key words: primary production; herbaceous; biomass; community, ecosystem.

MODEL OF AGROECOSYSTEM IN JEMBER REGENCY Nurul Sumiasri
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 1, No 2, Oktober (2011): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v1i2, Oktober.411

The objective of this study to know several models of agro-ecosystems in Jember regency.Study about model of Agro-ecosystem of Jember regency was carried out at seven districts in Jember regency i.e Ambulu, Gumukmas, Tempurejo, Bangsalsari, Jeng-gawah, Rambipuji and Puger during January to February 2011. The method of this study was survey to 10 respondents (head families), the respondents were taken by sampling in each district. The primary data were collected with direct observation and interview with respondents (KK), while the secondary data, collected with study literature and internet orientation. Data analyzed with D & D method.The results showed that there were six (6) models of agro-ecosystem which can be found in Jember regency i.e irrigation rice field, dry area, home gardens, fish pond, coastal pond and plantation.Key words: Agroecosystem, model, Jember regency

PEMANFAATAN CD INTERAKTIF MACROMEDIA FLASH PADA MATERI SISTEM SYARAF SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SMAN 1 GRINGSING BATANG Rivanna Citraning Rachmawati
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 3, No 2, Oktober (2014): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v3i2, Oktober.645

THE UTILIZATION OF MACROMEDIA FLASH INTERATIVE?óÔé¼ÔäóS CD ON NERVE SYSTEM TO INCREASE STUDENT?óÔé¼ÔäóS LEARNING OUTCOMES IN SMAN 1 GRINGSING BATANG ?é?á ABSTRACT Based on the results of preliminary observations in SMAN 1 Gringsing Batang, it indicate that ?é?áthe learning outcomes did not maximized. It showed in average value of daily tests was 5.20. The teaching strategies used the system of learning lectures, and did not optimized using computers in school's media. It affected the improvement of learning outcome especially nerve material. The aims to this research was to determine student's learning outcomes in SMAN 1 Gringsing Batang, class XI 2nd semester, using macromedia flash interactive?óÔé¼Ôäós CD in Nerve System. This research used true experiment, the subjects were students of SMAN 1 Gringsing Batang, class XI 2nd semester. It used two classes, one class as kontrol and one class as experiment. The collection techniques performed through observation and tests using instrument and sheet to measure student learning outcomes. The result indicates that the outcomes in experiment?óÔé¼Ôäós class much better than kontrol?óÔé¼Ôäós class. It ?é?áshowed in the experimental class has average result 0,75 (high rate) and kontrol class has 0,48 (low rate). N-Gain?óÔé¼Ôäós presentation in experiment class was 71,4% and kontrol class was 33,3%. The research?óÔé¼Ôäós conclusion, prove that using macromedia flash interactive?óÔé¼?£s CD in class experimental group increase the learning outcomes. Keywords: CD Interactive macromedia flash, nerve system, learning outcome ?é?á ABSTRAK Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal di SMAN 1 Gringsing Batang, memiliki indikasi hasil belajar yang belum maksimal. Hal ini terbukti dari rata-rata nilai ulangan harian adalah 5,20. Selama ini strategi pengajaran masih menerapkan sistem belajar ceramah, dan belum dioptimalkan pemanfaatan media komputer di sekolah tersebut. Hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya peningkatan hasi belajar terutama materi sistem saraf. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa kelas XI semester II SMAN 1 Gringsing Batang dengan menggunakan CD Interaktif Makromedia flash pada materi Sistem Saraf. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah true eksperimen dengan pretest-postest kontrol group design. Adapun subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA 1 Batang kelas XI semester II, sebanyak dua kelas, yaitu kelas XI IPA 1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas X1 IPA 2 kelas eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan tes dengan instrumen lembar observasi dan soal untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen dibandingkan kelas kontrol. Fakta tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasil penghitungan nilai rata-rata N-Gain kelas eksperimen 0,75 (kategori tinggi), sedangkan kelas kontrol nilai rata-rata N-Gain 0,48 (kategori rendah). Presentasi nilai N-Gain paling tinggi pada kelas eksperimen berada pada kategori tinggi yaitu 71,4%, sedangkan pada kelas kontrol nilai N- Gain paling tinggi berada pada kategori rendah yaitu 33,3%. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan CD Interaktif Macromedia Flash pada kelas kelas eksperimen terlihat adanya peningkatan hasil belajar yang lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran tanpa menggunakan CD Interaktif Macromedia Flash. Kata kunci: CD interaktif macromedia flash,?é?á?é?á system syaraf, hasil belajar

POTENSI DAGING IKAN GABUS (CHANNIA STRIATA) SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN PAKAN DAN PERANANNYA DALAM PEMULIHAN STATUSHEMATOLOGIS TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIBERI STRES Sunarno Sunarno; Siti Muflichatun Mardiati; Endang Nawarikita
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v6i1.1468

Stres karena kekurangan nutrisi yang disertai aktivitas berlebihan dapat menyebabkan defisiensi energi dalam tubuh. Kondisi ini dapat berakibat pada terganggunya proses pembentukan eritrosit, sintesis hemoglobin, dan penurunan bobot badan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian suplemen daging ikan gabus (Channia striata) dalam pakan terhadap peningkatan jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan bobot badan hewan uji yang diberi stres. Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan uji tikus Wistar jantan. Desain eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkapyang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas P0: tikus kontrol (tikus tanpa diberi stres dan tanpa suplemen daging ikan gabus dalam pakan); P1, P2, P3, dan P4 berturut-turut adalah tikus diberi stres dan suplemen daging ikan gabus dalam pakan dengan konsentrasi 5%; 10%; 15%; dan 20%. Variabel yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan bobot badan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan dengan signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi daging ikan gabus dalam pakan memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan bobot badan, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar hemoglobin. Suplemen daging ikan gabus dalam pakan dengan konsentrasi 20% (P4) memberi pengaruh tertinggi terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan bobot badan, lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya (5%, 10%, 15%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah, suplementasi daging ikan gabus dalam pakan memberi pengaruh terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan bobot badan namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada hewan uji yang diberi stres.

SINTESA BIOKERAMIK HIDROKSIAPATIT (HAp) DARI KERABANG TELUR AYAM KAMPUNG, AYAM BROILER DAN BEBEK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGENDAPAN BASA DAN HIDROLISIS BRUSHIT Gintu, Agung Rimayanto; Salenussa, Marchelia Welma; Wadu, Imelda; Hartini, Sri
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v6i2.1712

Biokeramik merupakan suatu komponen sintetik yang dimanfaatkan dalam dunia medis untuk menambal tulang yang mengalami fraktura. Biokeramik umumnya merupakan kalsium hidroksiapatit (HAp) sintetik namun menyerupai struktur kalsium pada tulang sesungguhnya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesa kalsium hidroksiapatit (HAp) dari kerabang telur ayam kampung, ayam broiler dan bebek menggunakan metode pengendapan basa dan metode hidrolisis brushit. Sebelum dilakukan sintesa, ketiga sampel dikarakterisasi dan dari hasil karakterisasi kerabang telur ayam kampung diperoleh kadar air 1,49 Â± 0,00%; kadar kalsium 0,0188 Â± 0,0007 g/g; dan kadar fosfat 0,001349 g/g. Hasil karakterisasi kerabang telur ayam broiler diperoleh kadar air 1,49 Â± 0,00%; kadar kalsium 0,0195 Â± 0,00 g/g; dan kadar fosfat 0,001355 g/g. Hasil karakterisasi kerabang telur bebek diperoleh kadar air 1,49 Â± 0,00%; kadar kalsium 0,0195 Â± 0,00 g/g; dan kadar fosfat 0,001294 g/g. Dari proses sintesa HAp menggunakan metode pengendapan basa diperoleh HAp sebesar 0,18786 Â± 0,0179405 g/g dari kerabang telur ayam kampung; 0,35546 Â± 0,0198763 g/g dari cangkang ayam broiler; dan 0,36145 Â± 0,0289693 g/g dari kerabang telur bebek. Dari proses sintesa HAp menggunakan metode hidrolisis brishit diperoleh kadar HAp sebesar 0,0559 g/g dari kerabang telur ayam kampung; 0,0950 g/g dari kerabang telur ayam broiler; dan 0,3315 g/g dari kerabang telur bebek.Â

THE GROWT OF DIATOM Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve OF JEPARA?óÔé¼ÔäóS ISOLATES CULTURES IN f/2 DAN CONWAY CULTURE Dian Triastari Armanda
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 2, No 1, April (2013): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v2i1, April.399

Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) is the unisel photosynthetic microalgae?óÔé¼Ôäós diatom which has the silica as the main composition of its cell walls. Diatoms have some life phases that can be observed in its batch culture The purpose of this research is to study the population growth of the diatom Skeletonema costatum populations in the f/2 medium and Conway medium of the growth curve is formed. This study also aims to determine the generation time and instantaneous growth rate of this the diatom species in both medium, in order to know which one is more appropriate medium for Skeletonema costatum.The batch culture of S. costatum was applied at f/2 medium and Conway medium with three replications for 7x24 hours in a sterile condition. Environmental parameters (pH, salinity, and temperature of the medium) were measured periodically. The population growth of the culture reached the lag phase in the first 24 hours, the exponential phase in the second 24 hours, whereas the stationary phase was in the third 24 hours. The growth of S. costatum in both medium were not significantly different. Skeletonema costatum growth rate in f/2 medium were 0.0282 cells/hour and its generation time were 25.5420 hours. On the other hand, Skeletonema costatum growth rate in Conway medium were 0.0228 cells/hour and its generation time were 30.3728 hours. This study proved that the growth of Skeletonema costatum populations in f/2 medium and Conway medium tends to be similar (Sig. 0.325, ?Ä?? = .10).Keywords: Skeletonema costatum, f /2 medium, Conway medium, growth rate, generation time

REKAYASA PAKAN MELALUI BIOFERMENTASI LIMBAH IKAN TERHADAP PRESENTASE KARKAS DAN PANJANG USUS PADA AYAM BROILER Reni Rakhmawati -; Mei Sulistyoningsih -
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 3, No 2, Oktober (2014): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v3i2, Oktober.638

ENGINEERING FEED THROUGH BIOFERMENTATION AGAINST WASTE FISH CARCAS PRECENTAGE AND LENGTH OF INTESTINE IN BROILER CHICKENS ?é?á ABSTRACT The fulfillment of the purposes of the ration is currently experiencing difficult times due to high raw material prices, thereby impacting on the price of feed, particularly poultry rations. Utilization of fishery waste into feed material can give importance to livestock production, one of which allows to be used as an alternative feed ingredient is fish waste as silage. This study aims to determine the effect of fish waste silage on the growth of broiler chickens. DOC broiler study subjects unsex tail number 96. The study treatment consisted of P0 (commercial ration / control), P1 (commercial ration + 2.5% fish waste silage), P2 (commercial ration + 5% fish waste silage), P3 (commercial ration + 7.5% silage waste fish), with four replications. Experimental design is completely randomized design (CRD), the experimental results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan test. Results of this study was no effect of fish waste silage to the percentage of carcasses and gut length (P> 0.05). ?é?á Keywords: Carcass, Guts, Broiler. ABSTRAK Pemenuhan keperluan ransum saat ini mengalami masa yang sulit akibat mahalnya harga bahan baku, sehingga berdampak terhadap harga ransum, khususnya ransum unggas. Pemanfaatan limbah perikanan menjadi bahan pakan dapat memberikan arti penting bagi produksi peternakan, salah satu diantaranya yang memungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif adalah limbah ikan sebagai silase. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian silase limbah ikan terhadap pertumbuhan ayam broiler. Subyek penelitian DOC broiler sejumlah 96 ekor unsex. Perlakuan penelitian ini terdiri dari P0 (Ransum komersial/kontrol), P1 (Ransum komersial + 2,5 % silase limbah ikan), P2 (Ransum komersial + 5 % silase limbah ikan), P3 (Ransum komersial + 7,5 % silase limbah ikan), dengan 4 ulangan. Desain percobaan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), hasil percobaan dianalisis dengan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tidak ada pengaruh pemberian silase limbah ikan terhadap presentase karkas dan panjang usus (P > 0,05). ?é?á Kata kunci : Karkas, Usus, Broiler.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNITIF DAN RETENSI SISWA DALAM STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN RECIPROCAL TEACHING DIPADU JIGSAW DIKELAS X SMAN 7 MALANG Azizul Ghofar Candra Wicaksono; Aloysius Duran Corebima
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 4, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v4i1, April.947

This research was aimed to reveal the relationship betweenmetacognitive skill and retention in reciprocal teaching-jigsawstrategy.Metacognitive skill acted as predictor and retention asdependent variable. The learning process was held during onesemester and applied reciprocal teaching strategy combined withjigsaw. The subject of this research was 32 first years students in 7thstate senior high school of Malang. Instruments used in this researchwas essay test with metacognitive rubric to measure metacognitiveskill and essay test given in three weeks after the end of learningprocess to measure student?óÔé¼Ôäós retention. The research showed thatmetacognitive skill had a positive correlation with retention. Thus itcould be said that metacognitive skill is needed to improve student?óÔé¼Ôäósretention.Keywords: metacognitive skill, student retention, reciprocalteaching-jigsaw strategy

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBANTU VIRTUAL LABORATORY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN BERFIKIR KREATIF DAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATERI EUBACTERIA DI SMA NEGERI 8 SEMARANG Vera Dian Cahyasari; Eny Hartadiyati Wasikin Haryanti
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v5i1.1494

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaranberbasis proyek berbantu virtual laboratory terhadap peningkatan berfikirkreatif dan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi eubacteria di kelas X SMA8 Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen pretestposttestcontrol group design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah clusterrandom sampling, dan diperoleh kelas X-F sebagai kelompok eksperimen danX-G sebagai kelompok kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniberupa tes tertulis bentuk uraian untuk mengukur pemahaman konsep siswadan mengukur berfikir kreatif siswa. Hasil analisis uji-t dua pihak dari posttestpemahaman konsep kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol, diperoleh nilai thitung(2,728) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilai ttabel (2,094). Hasil uji-t duapihak dari posttest berfikir kreatif siswa pada kelompok eksperimen dankontrol, diperoleh nilai thitung (4,962) lebih besar dibandingkan ttabel (2,094).Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pemahaman konsep dan keterampilanberpikir kreatif antara kelompok siswa yang belajar dengan modelpembelajaran berbasis proyek (PjBL) berbantu virtual laboratory dengankelompok kontrol. Berdasarkan uji N-gain, pemahaman konsep danketrampilan berfikir kreatif siswa pada kelompok eksperimen mengalamipeningkatan dengan kategori sedang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapatpengaruh model pembelajaran PjBL berbantu virtual laboratory terhadappeningkatan berfikir kreatif dan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materieubacteria di kelas X SMA 8 Semarang.Kata kunci: ketrampilan berfikir kreatif, pemahaman konsep, PjBL, virtuallaboratory

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERPERSPEKTIF KEWIRAUSAHAAN Endah Rita S.D. Sumarno Prasetiyo
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 1, No 2, Oktober (2011): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v1i2, Oktober.325

Endah Rita Sulistya Dewi, Sumarno, dan PrasetiyoJurusan Pendidikan BiologiIKIP PGRI SemarangDEVELOPMENT LEARNING MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP PERSPECTIVEABSTRACTGraduates High School (SMA) not all go on to college. The government policy to convert a High School (SMA) become Vocational High School (SMK) with a ratio 30 : 70 for produce human resources (HR) are ready to work, limited support in reducing the number of unemployed. One cause of unemployment is the only edu-cational system that produces a force of technical skill.The purpose of this study was to develop a model of learning and teaching materials entrepreneurial perspective.The experiment was conducted in Semarang in SMA 9 academic year 2010 / 2011 Research subjects were students SMA 9 semester one class X, which is selected by cluster random sampling technique. This type of study is a research and develop-ment (R&D). Testing a model that was developed using a one group pretest-posttest design.The results showed: (1) the validity of the model = 3.7 and teaching materials = 3, (2) effectiveness, which is a change in students 'entrepreneurship interests acquired several indicators of students' entrepreneur interests include the willingness to achi-eve the goals and needs of life, belief in own strength, physical and mental endu-rance, perseverance and tenacity to work and strive, creative and constructive think-ing, and dare to take risks. Indicators of fairness, and responsibility and oriented to the future has not experienced an increase.The conclusion is, learning model of entrepreneurship perspective is valid, and te-aching materials are developed sufficiently valid and effective for use in the lear-ning process.Key words: learning models, teaching materials, entrepreneurshipABSTRAKLulusan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) tidak semuanya melanjutkan ke perguruan tinggi. Kebijakan pemerintah untuk mengkonversi SMA menjadi SMK dengan ratio 30 : 70 untuk menghasilkan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang siap kerja, kurang menunjang dalam menurunkan jumlah pengangguran. Salah satu penyebab peng-angguran adalah sistem pendidikan yang hanya menghasilkan tenaga teknikal skill.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model pembelajaran dan bahan ajar berperspektif kewirausahaan.Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA 9 Semarang pada tahun ajaran 2010/ 2011. Subjekpenelitian adalah siswa SMA 9 kelas X semester I, yang dipilih dengan teknik sam-pling acak kelompok. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Pengujian model yang dikembangkan menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) validitas model = 3.7 dan bahan ajar = 3; (2) keefektifan, yang merupakan perubahan minat wira usaha siswa diperoleh beberapa indikator minat wirausaha siswa di antaranya adalah kemauan keras untuk mencapai tujuan dan kebutuhan hidup, keyakinan atas kekuatan sendiri, ketahanan fisik dan mental, ketekunan dan keuletan bekerja dan berusaha, pemikiran yang kreatif dan konstruktif, serta berani mengambil risiko. Indikator sikap jujur dan tanggung jawab serta berorientasi ke masa depan belum mengalami peningkatan.Kesimpulannya ialah, model pembelajaran berperspektif kewirausahaan adalah valid, dan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan cukup valid dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.Kata-kata kunci: model pembelajaran, bahan ajar, kewirausahaan

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