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International Journal of Applied Biology
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 25802410     EISSN : 25802119     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Energy Environmental Science
International Journal of Applied Biology is an international, peer reviewed journal, publishing high-quality research. International Journal of Applied Biology only publishes manuscripts in English. Please see the journal's Focus & Scope for information about its Scope and peer-review policy. International Journal of Applied Biology is available in print and online version.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 168 Documents
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EFFICACY OF SUNFLOWER RESIDUES AND HERBICIDES IN CONTROLLING WEEDS IN TRANSPLANTED RICE Shaon Samanta Tanu; Purnendu Biswas; Sultan Ahmed; Swadesh Chandar Samanta
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v4i1.10360

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh  from July 2018 to November 2018 to find out the effect of sunflower residues and herbicides on weed control and yield of T. Aman rice. Weed control methods tested were T1= weedy check,T2 = Weed free check, T3 = Pendimethalin,T4 = Pretilachlor,T5= Butachlor,T6 = Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T7 = Bensulfuron methyl + Acetachlor,T8 = Bispyriback sodium,T9 =2,4-D amine,T10 =MCPA,T11 = Sunflower residues ,T12 = Sunflower residues + 100%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T13 = Sunflower residues + 75%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T14 = Sunflower residues + 50%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl. The weed spectrum of the experimental field consisted of all the three groups of weeds viz., grasses (15.78%), sedges (59.02%) and broad-leaved weeds (25.2%). The dominants weeds were Cynodon dactylonand Echinochloa crusgalli among grasses; Cyperus difformis, Fimbristylis miliacea and Scirpus supinus among sedges and Jussiaea decurrens among broad-leaved weeds.  Hand weeding recorded the highest weed control efficiency (99.05%) and weedy check recorded the lowest. Among different herbicides applied alone, butachlor had the highest weed control efficiency (87.59%).Hand weeding produced the highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to butachlor, pendimethalin, pretilachlor,  bensulfuron methyl + acetachlor and sunflower residues  + 100% pyrazosulfuronethyl.  Application of sunflower residues along with the reduced rate (75 or 50%) of pyrazosulfuron ethyl had effective weed control and satisfactory yield comparable to butachlor. The farmers can use this technology as an eco-friendly approach in transplanted Aman rice field.
Accumulation of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) and Effect of Stomates Number on Green Champa Leaves (Polyaltia Longifolia) in Industrial Area of Makassar City Fahruddin Fahruddin
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. (2) (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in the industrial area causes problems in the surrounding vegetation. The study aims to determine the absorption of heavy metals lead (Pb) which accumulates on green champa leaves (Polyalthia longifolia) in the industrial area of Makassar city, and its effect on the number of leaf stomata. Leaf samples were taken at three stations, the method used was random sampling. Measurement of the concentration of heavy metals lead (Pb) by the atomic absorption spectrophotometery method (AAS), observation of the number of stomata using a microscope. The results showed the concentration of Pb that accumulated in green champa leaves, such as 1.21–2.42 µg/g. Heavy metals affect stomata on green champa leaves but do not show significant damage (> 0.05). This shows that the green champa plant has benefits in reducing heavy metal pollution in the air, without experiencing damage to the leaf stomata.
Occurrence of E. coli O157 H7 from meat products sold in Obinze abattoir, IMO State, Nigeria Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa; Shadrach Osalumhense Okhuebor
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. (2) (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

AbstractThis survey was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat products from Obinze abattoir, Imo state, South-Eastern Nigeria. A total of 10 beef samples, 10 processing water samples, 10 table swabs and 20 entrails samples were collected. Pour plate technique was used after a tenfold serial dilution to inoculate on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar and the E. coli isolates were cultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. The isolates were subjected to biochemical tests for identification before antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using the disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. From the survey, the entrails had the highest rate of isolation (4.16 ±0.56 log10 Cfu/ml) followed by the beef samples with (3.58 ± 0.01 log10 Cfu/ml). The processing water and the table swabs yielded no growth of E. coli O157:H7. The percentage occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was also determined and the entrails samples had the highest with (17, 89.5%) followed by the beef samples with (2, 10.5%). The processing water and table swabs samples did not yield growth of E. coli O157:H7 and their percentages were 0. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the single sample T test which showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the rate of isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from the samples. The E. coli O157:H7 isolated showed 100% sensitivity to all the antibiotics used. The presence of E. coli O157:H7 implies that these food samples from the Obinze abattoir, if consumed could be a potential public health hazard to the community. Therefore, strict adherence to quality control measures should be implored in order to reduce contamination and food borne illnesses.Keywords: Escherichia coli O157:H7, public health, hazard, contamination, occurrence
Microbiological Assessment of Roasted Dried Periwinkle (Tympanotonus Fuscatus) Sold in Yenagoa Bayelsa State Obhioze Augustine Akpoka
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. (2) (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

The microbial load of dried periwinkle(tympanotonus fuscatus) sold in Opolo market, Swali market and Kpansia market in Yenagoa were assessed and the microorganisms isolated were identified. Three samples were bought from Opolo market, Swali market and Kpansia market respectively were assessed. Total bacterial populations of the samples from Opolo market range from 37×10-5- 12×10-5 cfu/g, Swali range from 49×10-5 - 29×10-5 cfu/g, while Kpansia market range from 38×10-5- 18×10-5 cfu/g. For fungi population, Opolo market range from 6×10-5 - 1×10-5 cfu/g, Swali market range from 9×10-5- 3×10-5 cfu/g, while Kpansia market range from 7×10-5 - 2×10-5cfu/g. The Samonella/Shigella counts from Swali market range from 13×10-5- 2×10-5 cfu/g, kpansia market range from 12×10-5- 3×10-5 cfu/g, while Opolo market range from 11×10-5-1×10-5 cfu/g. The coliform counts from Swali market range from 30×10-5 - 12×10-5 cfu/g, Kpansia market range from 28×10-5 - 10×10-5  cfu/g, while Opolo market range from 25×10-5- 11×10-5 cfu/g. For fungi population, Opolo market range from 6×10-5- 1×10-5 cfu/g, Swali market range from 9×10-5-3×10-5 cfu/g, while Kpansia market range from 7×10-5 - 2×10-5 cfu/g.The bacterial isolates belonged to six genera identified as: Klebsiella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Bacillus. The percentage (%) occurrences of the bacterial isolates were: Bacillus sp. (28.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Shigella sp. (21.4%), Escherichia coli (17.9%), Salmonella sp. (3.6%) and Klebsiella sp. (3.6%). Four (4) fungal isolates were obtained from the dried periwinkle samples and two belonged to the genus Aspergillus, while the other two isolates belong to the genera Penicillium and Mucor. The percentage (%) occurrence of the fungal isolates were: Mucor (41.6%), Aspergillus flavus (25%), Aspergillus niger (16.7%) and Penicillium (16.7%). There was no significant difference in total viable count between one market and another at 5% level of significance (p0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in total viable count between one seller and other sellers. The occurrence of Bacillus, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Aspergillus, and Mucor species are pinpointing the high pathogenicity and health hazard in consuming the dried periwinkle. Due to the soaring demand of this sea food (periwinkle) and the health hazard associated with microorganisms isolated from them as revealed in this study, additional concentration should be paid to safety through proper storage and handling processes and it is important that periwinkle should be properly cooked before consumption. 
Molecular identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from urine samples of African buffalo, eland and cattle Harry Asena Musonye; Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru; Ahmed Hassanali; Lydia Mali Langata; James Nonoh
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 5 No. (1) (2021): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in natural environment is an escalating risk of serious implication on human and animal health. Livestock and wildlife have been long recognized as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the potential of livestock and wildlife urine to act as transmission corridor for the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The present study aimed at evaluating antibiotic susceptibility patterns and molecular identification of bacteria isolated from livestock and wildlife urine samples. A total of 19 different bacteria isolated from urine samples of African buffalo, eland and cattle were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. The isolates showed diverse susceptibility patterns against co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Of the tested isolates, 73.7 % were exhibited resistance while 31.6 % were intermediate to the range of antibiotics tested. High resistance prevalence to amoxicillin (58%), tetracycline (26 %) and co-trimoxazole (11%) by the tested bacteria was observed. This study reveals the bacteria associated with African buffalo, eland and cattle urine as potential candidates for antibiotic resistance. This information demonstrates the need for measures to be adopted to limit the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in wildlife and livestock reservoirs.
Abundance Index Slender Walking Catfish With Correlation of Water Quality In Natural Habitat Khairul Khairul
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. (2) (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Slender walking catfish (Clarias leiacanthus) has decreased in its natural habitat. Many factors affect the decline of the population, including the conversion of land where natural habitat becomes plantation, the presence of excess arrest, and the quality of water that has been contaminated. The condition of the waters determines fish life, considering that various species of fish can only live on certain conditions. A study related to the correlation of water quality with fish abundance index is needed as a knowledge of determining biological and ecological needs of fish as a biological resource in a water.. The results of this study showed the abundance index of wild-type catfish at January (0.15 Ind./m2), February (0.22 Ind./m2),  and March (0.20 Ind./m2). The correlation analysis of water quality showed pH has a correlation (+) with a value of r (0.827).
Association Between Smoking and Hypertension as Health Burden in Sidoarjo: A Case-Control Study Muhammad Farid Dimjati Lusno
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. (2) (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) became major caused of premature death and health burden which rising disproportionately among low-income and lower-middle-income countries. There are common modifiable behavioral risk factors include tobacco smoking. In Indonesia there were 147.510 Cardiovascular (CVD) death caused by tobacco use which is 26% of all CVD deaths each year. The link between smoking and hypertension is still far to be completely identified.  This study aim to analyze the relationship of smoking to hypertension. The study conducted with case control approach. The sampling method use probability sampling with the samples 172 respondent consist of 76 cases and 76 control. Hypertension patient data is obtained based on secondary data that has been owned by the Puskesmas.The findings showed that smoking (p=0,01, OR=3,1), early age of smoking (p=0,00, OR=6,5) with starting 6 – 19 years old higher OR then 20-33 years old (p=0,00,OR=4), duration of smoking (p=0,00, OR=9,9) in a group with 30 – 53 years of smoking higher than whose 9 – 29 years of smoking (p=0,0, OR=8,2), and type of cigarettes (p=0,001, OR=3,4). Smoking has association to hypertension as the modifiable factor which needs concerned from decision maker especially to linkage the program of NCDs especially in preventing hypertension.
Potential of Community Based Ecotourism of Bats Population (Megachiroptera) in Soppeng Regency , Indonesia Slamet Santosa; Eddy Soekendarsi; Munif Said Hasan; Fahruddin Fahruddin; Dody Priosambodo
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. (2) (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

The bats population lives and reproduces on trees in the city center of Soppeng Regency.   The study aims to analyze the potential of community based ecotourism development of bats population. The method of study are the objects and ecotourism attractions, community based ecotourism and ecotourism management analyzes.  The :all respondents stated that the bats population can be an ecotourism attraction. It's easy to observe wild bats. Ecotourism is an environmentally friendly tourism trip and empowers local communities. Accessibility is easy because the location of ecotourism attractions is only distance of 0.5 km from the bus terminal and public transportation.  Amenities, such as hotel, restaurant, post offices, telecommunication networks, banks and souvenir shop are available at tourist sites.  The study concludes that the bats population is potential to be developed as a community based ecotourism object in Soppeng RegencyKey Words : Ecotourism, Bats population, Community Based, Soppeng Regency
Profiling antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues in raw chicken products sold around Kenyatta University, Kenya Daniel Ng'ang'a Kamau
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. (2) (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

AbstractAntibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues are a serious safety problem for animal food products. Poultry products have been long recognized as a reservoir for antibiotic resistant commensals and pathogens. Antibiotic residues ingested via food animal products expose gut micro-flora to low concentrations of antibiotics, which promote antibiotic resistance. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the potential of chicken products to act as a transmission corridor for the spread of the antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues. The present study aimed at profiling antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues in raw chicken products sold around Kenyatta University, Kenya. A total of 32 meat and egg samples were randomly collected from two study sites; KM and KU. Antibiotic residues in the study samples were detected using two microbiological techniques with Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi as test organisms. Selective and differential media were used to isolate Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella from the samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of these isolates against commonly used antibiotics was done using Kirby-Bauer antibiotic discs diffusion method. Of the total samples tested, 87.50% meat and 100% egg samples showed presence of antibiotic residues. The mean colony forming units (CFUs) of meat samples from KM (190.25 x 10² CFU) was higher than that of KU (104.96 x 10² CFU). Eggs from KM showed contamination (158.88 x 10² CFU) than those sampled (108.29 x 10² CFU) within the university outlets. Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella, were resistant to ampicillin. Escherichia coli showed intermediate resistance to tetracycline while Escherichia coli and Shigella showed intermediate resistance to amikacin. This study reveals the presence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistant bacteria in chicken meat and eggs sold in the study area. Knowledge generated from this study is helps to develops effective strategies to control antibiotic resistance.Keywords: antibiotics; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic residues
FINE STRUCTURE OF TRICHOBOTHRIA IN THE SALTICID SPIDER MARPISSA CALCUTTAENSIS Abdul Khader Sultan Mohideen; Mohamed Habibullah
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 4 No. (2) (2020): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

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Abstract

The fine structure of trichobothria in the salticid spider Marpissa calcuttaensis (Tikader 1974) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The specimens were collected from the New College Campus, Chennai, India and kept in the laboratory before processing. The specimens were then fixed in Trump’s fixative followed by post fixation in 2% osmium tetraoxide at room temperature for 90 minutes. After that, the specimens were dehydrated in the graded ethanol series and hexamethyldisilazane dried. Lastly, the specimens were mounted on aluminum rods with araldite adhesive and coated with a thin layer of gold in a sputter coating unit and viewed under SEM. The SEM photomicrographs revealed the presence of trichobothria on the dorsal aspect of the first leg segments. The trichobothria were observed to be long and slender, embedded in special sockets. The articulation of the trichobothria in response to air deflections corresponds to that of other spider species. In addition, the slit-sensilla and lyriform organ were noticed on the tarsal area of the first leg may react to substrate vibrations which are in accordance to other arachnids. Thus, the structural characteristics features of the mechanoreceptors were compared with other arachnids to decipher their possible functional role and physiological significance.

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