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Parametric Analysis of Reynolds Number Effects on Wake Region Characteristics in LBM-Based Fluid Flow Simulations Aulia Rahman; Putra Dwiantoko; Novan Habiburrahman; Djarot Winoto; Ahmad Robittah; Reinaldo Evan Audrey
⁠International Journal of Sustainable Social Culture, Science Technology, Management, and Law Humanities Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Cipta Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71131/j7cd2273

Abstract

This study investigates the fundamental fluid dynamics of steady-state laminar flow past a circular cylinder using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with a D2Q9 lattice arrangement. Developed using a vectorized Pythonic approach, the numerical solver employs the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision operator to resolve the mesoscopic particle distribution functions. The research focuses on the flow characteristics at low Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 20 to 70 to ensure stable convergence toward steady-state conditions. Results demonstrate that the LBM effectively captures critical hydrodynamic phenomena, including stagnation points, flow acceleration due to blockage effects, and the development of symmetric wake regions. Analysis reveals a linear correlation between increasing Reynolds numbers and the longitudinal elongation of the recirculation zone, confirming the solver's ability to maintain numerical stability and momentum conservation without the computational expense of conventional pressure-velocity coupling. These findings validate the use of open-source computational tools for rigorous fluid flow analysis and provide a robust dataset for future integration with multi-scale modeling and machine learning frameworks, such as Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs).
Design And Implementation Of An Embedded Temperature Control System For Laboratory-Scale Pyrolysis Applications Ahmad Robittah; Ahmad Faqih Habibi; Hafiz Al Farizi; Muhammad Akbar Hariyono; Achmadi; Aulia Rahman
⁠International Journal of Sustainable Social Culture, Science Technology, Management, and Law Humanities Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Cipta Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71131/qbvtmd78

Abstract

Accurate and stable temperature control is essential in laboratory-scale thermal processing, as it directly influences process stability, operational safety, and experimental reproducibility. However, many laboratory thermal systems still rely on manual regulation or simple heating mechanisms without adequate feedback control, resulting in temperature fluctuations and inconsistent performance. This study presents the design and implementation of an embedded temperature control system for laboratory-scale thermal processing, using pyrolysis as an application case study. The proposed system is based on a closed-loop control architecture that integrates a K-type thermocouple, a microcontroller-based control unit, and an electrical heating actuator. A hysteresis-based on–off control strategy is implemented to regulate the heating process and maintain the desired temperature setpoints. The system performance is experimentally evaluated at operating temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C under different processing durations. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed system provides stable and reliable temperature regulation across all tested conditions. The system exhibits a rapid heating response, minimal overshoot, and acceptable steady-state temperature deviations, even at elevated operating temperatures. Long-duration operation confirms the robustness and reliability of the control strategy. These results indicate that the proposed embedded temperature control system offers a practical and cost-effective solution for laboratory-scale thermal processing applications requiring stable and repeatable temperature control.