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Bogor Message and Wasatiyyat Islam: Reviving Islamic Diplomacy and Constituting the Transnationalism of Islam Ramadhan, Jelang
JASSP Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jassp.v2i1.45

Abstract

Bogor Message is constituting the transnationalism of Islam and reviving the importance of diplomacy based on religious consultation or even multilateralism, that concluded by prominent Islamic scholars (ulama) in the world through High-Level Constitution of World Muslim Scholars in 2018. Thus, Bogor Message is considered a form of ijma’ ulama (consensus among Islamic scholars) which will be useful for Muslim ummah (Islamic society) as a common ground depicting universal norm in regulating the attitude toward international relations (IR). Wasatiyyat Islam summed up in the Bogor Message, is the embodiment of Islamic tradition in the multi-track diplomacy where interactions between state-actors and non-state actors and utilization of tracks in diplomacy resulted in an understanding to solve ummah fundamental problems in Islamicate world through the normative religious approach. The Bogor Message is rendezvous point and unified the differences of Wasatiyyat Islam conception aimed to unite ummah in the framework of transnational Islam, taken from Al-Qur’an and Sunnah. This research article examines the principle of Wasatiyyat Islam inside Bogor Message and its functionality as soft power by using diplomacy theories. The lack of concern from ummah in other countries due to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic hampered the progress of Wasatiyyat Islam dissemination and remained exclusive for certain bastions of ‘moderate Islam’ countries. Though the potencies for developing and globalizing Wasatiyyat Islam could gain momentum in the post-COVID-19 world.
The Environmental Policy of the USA in the Framework of the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Climate Agreement Before Biden's Administration Ayvaz, Zehra; Ramadhan, Jelang
JASSP Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jassp.v3i1.99

Abstract

Despite different kinds of “habitat” research (Moon, Mars, etc.) has accelerated, the Earth is still actually the only habitat for living creatures. However, due to developments in the last century, our world has faced various environmental problems and dangers like climate change. So, countries carry out national and international efforts to minimize and prevent these hazards. One of the countries that researches these problems is the United States. The fact that the United States, the most powerful actor in the international system, has not shown sufficient interest in environmental and climate change issues and that US domestic policy has largely had an impact on these issues, contributed to preparing this study. The paper used qualitative research design by emphasizing literature study and a descriptive method to measure the trend in perceiving climate change from the perspective of the US policy. So, in this study, the US Environmental Policy will be discussed in the context of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement before Biden's Administration which resulted in Washington cannot take a clear stance on environmental and climate issues due to dilemmas in leadership change and domestic politics.