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APLIKASI ELEKTROKOAGULASI PASANGAN ELEKTRODA ALUMINIUM PADA PROSES DAUR ULANG GREY WATER HOTEL Nur, Ansiha; Effendi, Agus Jatnika
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 20, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Abstrak: Elektrokoagulasi salah satu teknologi mempunyai efisiensi yang tinggi dalam penghilangan kontaminan, menghasilkan effluen yang jernih, waktu operasional yang pendek, lumpur yang dihasilkan lebih sedikit, stabil dan mudah disisihkan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan grey water sintetis dan asli dari Hotel Grand Royal Panghegar secara batch dan sistem menerus menggunakan pasangan elektroda alumunium monopolar. Percobaan batch dilakukan perlakuan terhadap limbah sintetis. Variasi yang digunakan pada sistem batch adalah waktu kontak (5 - 60 menit) dan kerapatan arus (21 - 104 A/m2). Pada sistem kontinyu digunakan kerapatan arus 104 A/m2 pada variasi waktu detensi (900, 936, 975 detik) dan variasi beban (200;300;400 mg COD/L). Dari hasil penelitian pada sistem batch diperoleh kondisi optimum pada kerapatan arus 104 A/m2 pada menit ke-15 dengan laju pelepasan ion alumunium sebesar 0,0071 g/menit. Kinetika laju perubahan konsentrasi pada reaktor elektrokoagulasi mengikuti orde 1 pada memberikan hasil terbaik pada penyisihan kekeruhan, COD dan minyak lemak yaitu sebesar 87,73%, 87,48% dan 77,50%. Pada aplikasi elektrokoagulasi sistem menerus dengan variasi waktu kontak 975 detik memberikan hasil terbaik dengan tingkat penyisihan kekeruhan sebesar 89,32%, COD sebesar 89,09% dan minyak lemak sebesar 89,79%, sementara pada variasi beban pengolahan 400 mg COD/L memberikan hasil terbaik dengan tingkat penyisihan kekeruhan sebesar 89,97%, COD sebesar 61,52% dan minyak lemak sebesar 90,05%. Hasil proses elektrokoagulasi ini berada di bawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 serta Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 112 Tahun 2011, sehingga aman digunakan sebagai reclaimed water untuk flushing toilet dan penyiraman tanaman. Kata kunci: elektrokoagulasi, elektroda aluminium, kerapatan arus, grey water, reclaimed water Abstract: Electrocoagulation is one technology that has high efficiency in the removal of contaminants, good quality effluent , short operation time , low sludge production, stable and easy to remove . This research uses synthetic and Grand Hotel Royal Panghegar?s grey water and conducted with batch and continuous systems using aluminum monopolar electrode pair. Batch experiments uses synthetic grey water. Variations used in the batch system are detention time (5-60 minutes) and current density (21-104 A/m2). The continuous system uses the current density 104 A/m2, variation detention time (900 , 936 , 975 seconds ) and load variations (200 ; 300 ; 400 mg COD/L) . The results obtained in the batch system has optimum condition on the current density 104 A/m2 in the 15th minute with an aluminum ion release rate is 0.0071 g / min . Kinetics of concentration on the rate of the electrocoagulation reactor following the first order reaction gives the best results in the elimination of turbidity , COD and oil grease efficiency are 87.73% , 87.48% and 77.50% . In the application of continuous electrocoagulation system with a detention time of 975 seconds variation gives the best results with turbidity removal efficiency is 89.32% , COD is 89.09% and oil grease is 89.79% , while the variation of the processing load of 400 mg COD/L gives the best results with turbidity removal efficiency is 89.97% , COD is 61.52% and oil grease is 90.05% . The results of the electrocoagulation process is under the quality standard of Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Number 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 and Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Number 112 Year 2011, so it is safe to use reclaimed water for flushing toilets and watering plants. Keywords: electrocoagulation, aluminum electrode, current density, grey water, reclaimed water

Pengaruh Laju Pembebanan Organik terhadap Reduksi Padatan pada Proses Anaerobic Co-Digestion Sampah Sayuran dengan Lumpur SBR Budhi Primasari; Ansiha Nur
Jurnal Dampak Vol 15, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.15.2.88-92.2018

Anaerobic digestion is to treat organic waste such as vegetable solid waste (VSW). Anaerobic co-digestion is the mixture of two or more different waste types with the aim to enhance the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process. In this study, anaerobic digestion of vegetable solid waste (VSW) is compared to the anaerobic co-digestion of VSW and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) sludge. This investigation is focussed on the varying the organic loading rate (OLR) which is the mixing ratio of VSW to SBR sludge; and pH (6, 7 and 8) of the mixture. The mixtures were kept in serum bottles and placed in a shaker for 7 days at 150 rpm. Experiments with OLR 2:1, VSW composition of 1:2:1:1 and pH 6 produced the highest total biogas in anaerobic co-digestion. Thus, for anaerobic co-digestion, the optimum composition of VSW, OLR and pH are 1:2:1:1, 2:1 and 6 respectively. The range of % reduction in total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolve solids (TDS) in anaerobic co-digestion is 4-46, 0-43 and 0-64 respectively. In a comparison with single digestion, only 1 in 5 samples of co-digestion exceed that amount of biogas produced by single digestion and this shows that single anaerobic digestion resulted in higher biogas yield. The range of % reduction in TS, TSS and TDS in anaerobic digestion is 13-54, 15-66 and 9-58 respectively. Comparatively, single digestion performs better in solids removal than anaerobic co-digestion and thus, co-digestion method may not be suitable for all types of organic waste.

ELEKTROKOAGULASI MONOPOLAR UNTUK MENYISIHKAN ORGANIK DAN MINYAK LEMAK AIR BUANGAN DOMESTIK (GREY WATER) Ansiha Nur; Agus Jatnika
Jurnal Dampak Vol 14, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.14.2.81-86.2017

Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical technology to treat organic and inorganic wastewater without the use of chemicals so as not to increase the burden of environmental pollution. Electrocoagulation performance is influenced by electrode type, current density and number of electrodes. The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of COD and oil grease removal from domestic waste water (grey water) through electrocoagulation process. The experiment was conducted in batch using monopolar electrode configuration, with aluminum electrodes 95,7%. In this research, electric current density 21-104 A/m2, detention time and pH were varied. The optimum condition was obtained at current density of 104 A/m2 for 15 minutes with COD and oil grease removal consecutively are 87.48% and 77.50%. The result of this electrocoagulation process shows COD and oil grease concentration of 15.02 mg/L and 4.20 mg/L are under the standard of Ministry of Environment Decree No. 112 Year 2011 grade 3, to be used for watering plants and flushing the hotel toilet.Keywords: electrocoagulation, aluminum electrode, monopolar, current density, grey waterABSTRAKElektrokoagulasi merupakan teknologi elektrokimia untuk mengolah limbah organik dan anorganik tanpa menggunakanbahan kimia sehingga tidakmenambah bebanpencemaran lingkungan.Kinerja elektrokoagulasi dipengaruhi oleh jenis elektroda,kerapatanarusdan jumlah elektroda.Tujuanpenelitian ini untuk mengetahuiefektifitas penurunan organik (COD) dan minyak lemak dari airbuangan domestik (grey water) melalui proses elektrokoagulasi. Percobaan dilakukan secara batch menggunakan konfigurasi susunan elektroda monopolar, dengan jenis elektrodaberupaplat alumunium 95,7%.Variasi penelitian pada reaktor batch adalah terhadap kerapatan arus listrik21-104 A/m2, waktu detensi dan pH.Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada kerapatan arus 104 A/m2pada menit ke-15 denganpenyisihanCOD dan minyak lemakyaitusebesar 87,48% dan 77,50%. Hasil proses elektrokoagulasiini menunjukkan nilai COD sebesar 15,02 mg/L dan minyak lemak 4,20 mg/Lberada di bawah baku mutu Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 112 Tahun 2011kelas 3, untuk dimanfaatkan untuk penyiraman tanaman dan penggelontoran toilet hotel.Kata kunci: elektrokoagulasi, elektroda aluminium, monopolar, kerapatan arus, grey water

Nitrogen Removal in the Anammox Biofilm Reactor using Palm Fiber as Carrier in Tropical Temperature Operation Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini; Ansiha Nur; Wina Ermaliza
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21771/jrtppi.2019.v10.no2.p7-15

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is the process of converting ammonium directly into nitrogen gas with nitrite as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. This process is more effective than conventional nitrification-denitrification but is very dependent on several parameters, one of which is temperature. The optimum temperature range for the growth of anammox bacteria is 30-400C. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficiency of nitrogen removal by anammox process using palm fibers in the Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor in the tropical temperature. The experiment was conducted at a laboratory scale with a variation of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 24 h and 12 h using artificial wastewater. The reactor was inoculated with anammox granule genus Candidatus Brocadia. The concentration of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in the influent and effluent were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer based on standard method. Based on the experiment, the ratio ΔNH4+-N:ΔNO2--N and ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N similar with stoichiometric of anammox. The maximum Nitrogen removal performance (NRT) achieved 0.11 kg-N/m3.d at Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/m3.d and 0.20 kg-N/m3.d at NLR 0.29 kg-N/m3.d. The removal efficiency for Ammonium Conversion Efficiency (ACE) and Nitrogen Removal Efficiency (NRE) in HRT 24 h were 79% and 76%, respectively while decreased in HRT 12 h were 72% and 69%, respectively. Anammox process can be applied in the tropical temperature at a laboratory scale using a UASB reactor with palm fiber as the carrier.

APLIKASI ELEKTROKOAGULASI PASANGAN ELEKTRODA ALUMINIUM PADA PROSES DAUR ULANG GREY WATER HOTEL Ansiha Nur; Agus Jatnika Effendi
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 20 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtl.2014.20.1.7

Abstrak: Elektrokoagulasi salah satu teknologi mempunyai efisiensi yang tinggi dalam penghilangan kontaminan, menghasilkan effluen yang jernih, waktu operasional yang pendek, lumpur yang dihasilkan lebih sedikit, stabil dan mudah disisihkan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan grey water sintetis dan asli dari Hotel Grand Royal Panghegar secara batch dan sistem menerus menggunakan pasangan elektroda alumunium monopolar. Percobaan batch dilakukan perlakuan terhadap limbah sintetis. Variasi yang digunakan pada sistem batch adalah waktu kontak (5 - 60 menit) dan kerapatan arus (21 - 104 A/m2). Pada sistem kontinyu digunakan kerapatan arus 104 A/m2 pada variasi waktu detensi (900, 936, 975 detik) dan variasi beban (200;300;400 mg COD/L). Dari hasil penelitian pada sistem batch diperoleh kondisi optimum pada kerapatan arus 104 A/m2 pada menit ke-15 dengan laju pelepasan ion alumunium sebesar 0,0071 g/menit. Kinetika laju perubahan konsentrasi pada reaktor elektrokoagulasi mengikuti orde 1 pada memberikan hasil terbaik pada penyisihan kekeruhan, COD dan minyak lemak yaitu sebesar 87,73%, 87,48% dan 77,50%. Pada aplikasi elektrokoagulasi sistem menerus dengan variasi waktu kontak 975 detik memberikan hasil terbaik dengan tingkat penyisihan kekeruhan sebesar 89,32%, COD sebesar 89,09% dan minyak lemak sebesar 89,79%, sementara pada variasi beban pengolahan 400 mg COD/L memberikan hasil terbaik dengan tingkat penyisihan kekeruhan sebesar 89,97%, COD sebesar 61,52% dan minyak lemak sebesar 90,05%. Hasil proses elektrokoagulasi ini berada di bawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 serta Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 112 Tahun 2011, sehingga aman digunakan sebagai reclaimed water untuk flushing toilet dan penyiraman tanaman. Kata kunci: elektrokoagulasi, elektroda aluminium, kerapatan arus, grey water, reclaimed water Abstract: Electrocoagulation is one technology that has high efficiency in the removal of contaminants, good quality effluent , short operation time , low sludge production, stable and easy to remove . This research uses synthetic and Grand Hotel Royal Panghegar's grey water and conducted with batch and continuous systems using aluminum monopolar electrode pair. Batch experiments uses synthetic grey water. Variations used in the batch system are detention time (5-60 minutes) and current density (21-104 A/m2). The continuous system uses the current density 104 A/m2, variation detention time (900 , 936 , 975 seconds ) and load variations (200 ; 300 ; 400 mg COD/L) . The results obtained in the batch system has optimum condition on the current density 104 A/m2 in the 15th minute with an aluminum ion release rate is 0.0071 g / min . Kinetics of concentration on the rate of the electrocoagulation reactor following the first order reaction gives the best results in the elimination of turbidity , COD and oil grease efficiency are 87.73% , 87.48% and 77.50% . In the application of continuous electrocoagulation system with a detention time of 975 seconds variation gives the best results with turbidity removal efficiency is 89.32% , COD is 89.09% and oil grease is 89.79% , while the variation of the processing load of 400 mg COD/L gives the best results with turbidity removal efficiency is 89.97% , COD is 61.52% and oil grease is 90.05% . The results of the electrocoagulation process is under the quality standard of Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Number 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 and Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Number 112 Year 2011, so it is safe to use reclaimed water for flushing toilets and watering plants. Keywords: electrocoagulation, aluminum electrode, current density, grey water, reclaimed water

Studi Kualitas Air Krueng Brayeun di Kabupaten Aceh Besar sebagai Air Baku Air Minum Ansiha Nur; Yeggi Darnas; Mhd. Fauzi
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32672/jse.v8i2.6030

This study aims to identify the water quality of the Krueng Brayeun River as one of the potential surface waters to meet the needs for the development of a Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District. Water samples were taken at five locations around the planned intake, namely two points before the planned intake and three points after the planned intake. Laboratory tests were carried out on physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Based on the test results, it is possible to use the proposed intake location as a source of raw water for PP RI No. 22 of 2021 class I. There is no possibility of pollution at the site of the proposed intake, and water-related activities that are carried out close to bends do not have an impact on the river of quality Kr. Brayeun. Recommendations for securing raw water sources are needed so that the utilization of Krueng Brayeun River water does not interfere with the PDAM's processing process.

Penyisihan Senyawa Organik pada Air Limbah Tahu Menggunakan Proses Elektrokoagulasi Pasangan Elektroda Aluminium Ansiha Nur; Puti Sri Komala; Uttiya Annisa D
Dampak Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.17.2.62-71.2020

This study aims to determine the efficiency of organic removal in the form of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrate (NO3), and TSS of tofu wastewater with electrocoagulation process of aluminum electrode pairs with the monopolar arrangement. A two liters batch reactor and aluminum electrode (aluminum content of 95.7%) were used. Variations in current density (21 - 104 A / m2) and contact time (2 - 60 minutes). The optimum conditions were obtained at a current density of 104 A / m2 in 10, 15, and 2 minutes for COD, NO3, and TSS, respectively. The optimum removal efficiency for COD, NO3, and TSS were 95%, 69.64%, and 99.99%, respectively at a current density of 104 A/m2. Increases in current density and contact time were directly correlated with improvements in COD, NO3, and TSS removal effectiveness. The pH of wastewater has increased to 8.5. While the temperature of wastewater only increased in the 2nd minute to 27Â°C. Meanwhile, conductivity in wastewater decreases with increasing contact time. The decrease in conductivity is inversely proportional to the efficiency of pollutant reduction. The effluent of the results of this study has met the quality standards of Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2014 Attachment XVIII concerning Wastewater Quality Standards for Soybean Processing Businesses and/or Activities.Keywords: COD, electrocoagulation, aluminum electrodes, tofu wastewater, monopolar.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efisiensi penyisihan senyawa organik berupa Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),Nitrat (NO3), dan Total Suspended Solid (TSS) air limbah pabrik tahu dengan proses elektrokoagulasi pasangan elektroda aluminium dengan susunan monopolar. Penelitian menggunakan reaktor batch dua liter dan elektroda aluminium (kandungan aluminium sebesar 95,7%). Variasi yang dilakukan adalah variasi rapat arus ( 21 - 104 A/m2) dan waktu kontak (2 â€“ 60 menit). Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada kerapatan arus 104 A/m2 selama 10, 15, dan 2 menit untuk masing-masing COD, NO3, dan TSS. Efisiensi penyisihan optimum untuk COD, NO3 dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 95%, 69,64% dan 99,99 % pada rapat arus 104 A/m2. Peningkatan efisiensi penyisihan COD, NO3 dan TSS berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan rapat arus dan waktu kontak. pH air limbah mengalami peningkatan hingga 8,5. Temperatur air limbah hanya meningkat pada menit ke-2 menjadi 27Â°C. Sementara itu konduktivitas pada air limbah menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu kontak. Penurunan konduktivitas berbanding terbalik dengan efiisiensi penyisihan polutan. Efluen hasil penelitian ini telah memenuhi baku mutu Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No 5 Tahun 2014 Lampiran XVIII tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Bagi Usaha dan/ atau Kegiatan Pengolahan Kedelai.

PENGARUH JENIS DAN KONSENTRASI SUBSTRAT TAMBAHAN TERHADAP PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR BUANGAN SECARA ANAEROBIK Budhi Primasari; Ansiha Nur
Jurnal Dampak Vol 14, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.14.2.104-112.2017

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh penambahan glukosa, fruktosa dan sukrosa terhadap pengolahan air buanganrumah tangga dengan proses mikroba anaerobik menggunakan reaktor batch. Parameter yang diamati adalahCOD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), VSS (Volatile Suspended Solid) dand volumebiogas. Proses pengolahan dievaluasi dari jumlah polutan yang berkurang dan jumlah biogas yang terbentuk.Tiga jenis gula dengan kisaran konsentrasi yang bervariasi ditambahkan ke lumpur sebelum proses pengolahanair buangan. Proses pengolahan itama adalah proses fermentasi gelap anaerobik, dengan reaktor aerobikdiguncang di atas shaker pada kecepatan 200 rpm.Ph diatur menjadi 5 dan suhu 30oC. Hail menunjukkan bahwaglukosa dengan jumlah biakan bakteri 20%, dan konsentrasi guil 2% adalah substrat tambahan yang pling efisien,mengurangi kadar COD hampir 100%. Volume biogas yang dihasilkan 9,5 mL dan TSS serta TSS adalah 37 mg/Ldan 460 mg/L.Kata kunci: glukosa, sukrosa, fruktosa, substrat, pengolahan air buanganABSTRACTThis research investigate effects of addition of glucose, sucrose dan fructose to the sewage wastewater treatmentprocess by anaerobic microbial process using batch reactor. The observed parameters are COD (ChemicalOxygen Demand), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), VSS (Volatile Suspended Solid) and volume of biogas. Thetreatment process was evaluated by reduction of pollutant and biogas production. Three types of sugar at a rangeof concentration was added to the sludge prior to wastewater treatment . The main treatment was anaerobic darkfermentation process, shaken at 200 rpm. pH was set to be 5 and temperature was 30oC. The results shows thatglucose at 20% inoculum size and 2% sugar concentnration in the most efficient substrate, reduced COD to almost1005. The volume of biogas produced is 9.5 mL, and TSS and VSS were 37 mg/L and 460 mg/L respectively.Keywords: glucose, sucrose, fructose, substrate, wastewater treatment

Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan Atas Keberadaan Tambak Udang Ilegal di Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat Siska Elvandari; Ansiha Nur; Budhi Primasari
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): UNES LAW REVIEW (Desember 2023)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i2.1407

The growth of illegal shrimp ponds in Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman Regency has been very widespread recently. This is because the advantages of shrimp cultivation include fast growth, high survival rate, high shrimp appetite, greater resistance to disease attacks and relatively short rearing time, namely 90-100 days per cycle. As shrimp cultivation develops in this area, environmental pollution problems arise. Of course, this is contrary to Law number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Article 4 and Article 6 states that everyone has the right to health and everyone has the right to a healthy environment for achieving a level of health. Based on preliminary interviews with the community around the shrimp ponds, it was stated that the existence of illegal shrimp ponds does not take into account the impact on the environment, and even disturbs the community. Meanwhile, there is no action by the district or local government to control or manage the impacts, so various efforts are needed to restore optimal health status for the surrounding community.

Studi Kualitas Air Krueng Brayeun di Kabupaten Aceh Besar sebagai Air Baku Air Minum Ansiha Nur; Yeggi Darnas; Mhd. Fauzi
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32672/jse.v8i2.6030

This study aims to identify the water quality of the Krueng Brayeun River as one of the potential surface waters to meet the needs for the development of a Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District. Water samples were taken at five locations around the planned intake, namely two points before the planned intake and three points after the planned intake. Laboratory tests were carried out on physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Based on the test results, it is possible to use the proposed intake location as a source of raw water for PP RI No. 22 of 2021 class I. There is no possibility of pollution at the site of the proposed intake, and water-related activities that are carried out close to bends do not have an impact on the river of quality Kr. Brayeun. Recommendations for securing raw water sources are needed so that the utilization of Krueng Brayeun River water does not interfere with the PDAM's processing process.

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