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OVERVIEW OF THE VALIDATION OF OUT OF WEDDED CHILDREN AS LEGITIMATE CHILDREN (STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 175/PDT.P/2021/PN ARM) Rizal, Said; Suhunan Purba, Kevin; Fitriyani Pakpahan, Elvira
SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Vol. 3 No. 8 (2024): July
Publisher : Penerbit Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/sibatik.v3i8.2309

Abstract

This research contains a description of the ratification of extra-marital children as legal children. Recognition and ratification of extra-marital children often experience differences in their determination. The research method used by the author in writing this journal is normative legal research method, this legal research examines document studies using various secondary data, such as laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories and opinions of scientists. Based on the results of the research, the Marriage Law does not regulate the recognition and validation of children, the Civil Code regulates recognition and validation while the Constitutional Court only focuses on the biological relationship between the child and the father. In the Determination of the Airmadidi District Court Number 175/Pdt.P/2021/PN Arm, the judge only looks at positive law without considering other aspects in the ratification of extra-marital children. This research is expected to contribute to the development of science, the author's achievement from this research is to produce scientific works in the form of theses, research journals, and as reference material for other writers in the future.
Legal Analysis of Investor Protection in Corporate Green Bond Issuance Pakpahan, Elvira Fitriyani; Heriyanti, Heriyanti; Tanjaya, Willy; Pakpahan, Emir Syarif Fatahillah; Rizal, Said; Leonard, Tommy
Indonesia Law Review Vol. 14, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The global climate crisis has driven countries, including Indonesia, to adopt sustainable financing mechanisms that channel capital into environmentally responsible projects. One prominent instrument is the green bond—debt securities issued by corporations or institutions to finance projects with measurable environmental benefits, such as renewable energy, sustainable transport, and climate change mitigation. In Indonesia, green bonds are regulated by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) through Regulation No. 60/POJK.04/2017, which sets administrative requirements for issuance. While this framework marks an important step, it remains inadequate to guarantee strong investor protection. Current provisions do not establish clear enforcement mechanisms or effective sanctions against fund misallocation or project deviation, leaving investors vulnerable to risks such as greenwashing. The absence of mandatory third-party verification and the lack of supporting jurisprudence further undermine transparency, accountability, and the legal standing of investors. This research analyzes the extent of legal protection for investors in Indonesian corporate green bond issuances and evaluates the adequacy of existing regulations. It also proposes reforms—such as mandatory independent verification, explicit liability provisions, and the integration of national standards—to enhance safeguards for investors and strengthen market credibility. In the context of global momentum toward ESG-based investment and Indonesia’s commitments under the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), establishing a more comprehensive and enforceable legal framework is essential. Such a framework would not only ensure genuine environmental impact but also build investor confidence in Indonesia’s growing green finance market.