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Students’ Perceptions of Language Etiquette Learning in Professional Contexts: A Qualitative Study Nasution, Mutia; Ningrum, Sulistya; Azzahra, Alika; Aprilia, Azahra
Holistics (Hospitality and Linguistics) : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa Inggris Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): HOLISTICS JOURNAL: HOSPITALITY AND LINGUISTICS
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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This study explores students’ perceptions of learning Language Etiquette in English for Professional Purposes courses in higher education. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and students’ reflective journals from vocational college students. The findings indicate that Language Etiquette learning enhances students’ confidence, politeness, and ability to communicate appropriately in multicultural professional contexts. Role-play, case studies, and simulation activities were perceived as particularly effective; although some students struggled to apply etiquette principles in spontaneous or formal interactions. The study concludes that integrating Language Etiquette into English instruction strengthens students’ pragmatic and intercultural competence and recommends the use of more contextualized and interactive learning activities to improve practical application.   Keywords: Language etiquette, students’ perceptions, intercultural communication, qualitative study, professional English   DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/18084645
Female Bodies as Objects of Sexuality in Patriarchal Culture: An Analysis of Alice Munro’s “Lichen” Ningtyas, Sulistya; Ningrum, Sulistya
LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

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This article examines the representation of female bodies as objects of male sexuality within a patriarchal framework in Alice Munro’s short story “Lichen” (1985). Using a feminist approach, this study applies Margaret Gullette’s theory of Age Ideology and Decline Narratives. The analysis explores how aging is constructed by culture and how the decline narratives of aging are repeatedly told in literature. Through the two contrasting, leading female characters, Munro portrays the objectification of female bodies: the older wife’s aging body is deemed unsatisfactory by her husband, while the young body of the second wife, encapsulated in a nude photograph, is reduced to an object for male gratification. Within the domestic sphere, the husband’s dominance over his wife reflects Canadian societal norms, which also becomes the setting of the story, where men are seen as leaders and women as submissive. The story’s title, “lichen,” a metaphor for female pubic hair, symbolizes the fleeting value placed on women’s bodies to satisfy male desires. Ultimately, Munro critiques cultural ideologies that perpetuate women’s objectification, challenging the social constructs that subordinate women to the sexual expectations of men.