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Inclusive Education in Indonesia from The Perspective of Widyaiswara in Center for Development and Empowerment of Teachers and Education Personnel of Kindergartens and Special Education Ediyanto, Ediyanto; Atika, Iva Nandya; Kawai, Norimune; Prabowo, Edy
Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies Vol. 4 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Center for Disability Studies and Services Brawijaya University

Since 2009, Indonesia has an excellent commitment and effort in the field of inclusive education. The government provides equal opportunities in education. Through Centre for Development and Empowerment of Teachers and Education Personnel of Kindergartens and Special Education (PPPPTK TK & PLB), the government provides training and services to teachers in the field of inclusive education and special education. The teacher trainers in PPPPTK TK & PLB are called WidyaIswara. The purpose of this study is to know the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia from the perspective of WidyaIswara of PPPPTK TK & PLB. The research used qualitative method. This research was conducted on March 2nd, 2017 in PPPPTK TK & PLB located in Bandung, Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire in the interview related to perceptions about special and inclusive education. The interview process used the instrument in interview form to experts that called WidyaIswara with closed-ended questions. A total of 3 Expert in Inclusive Education in PPPPTK participated in this activity. From the findings and discussion of the research, explained about WidyaIswara's perception about: 1) Awareness of students to go to school, 2) Grouping of students with special needs in special and general schools, 3) Distribution of Special Schools in Indonesia, 4) Supporting educational facilities and infrastructure in special and inclusive schools, 5) Teacher in special and inclusive Schools, 6) Learning Activities, 7) Children with special needs after graduation at a level of education, and 8) Government efforts.

The Education and Training Program Guideline for Special Guidance Teacher Competence Development in Indonesian Inclusive School Ediyanto, Ediyanto; Mulyadi, Agus; Supriatna, Agus; Kawai, Norimune
Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : The Center for Disability Studies and Services Brawijaya University

The provision of inclusive schools in Indonesia requires the fulfillment of several aspects of Inclusive Education. The fulfillment of these needs includes curriculum, facilities and infrastructure, teachers, and learning in accordance with the principles of Inclusive Education. Teachers in inclusive classes must have the competence to teach students with special needs. In addition, inclusive classes also require Special Guidance Teachers as an instructional design or as a team teaching. However, the training program for Special Guidance Teachers has not been developed in a general, comprehensive, and integrated manner. So that in this article an education and training program was developed for the teacher competence development guidelines in Indonesian inclusive school. If every school requires at least one Special Guidance Teacher, then at the elementary formal education level, junior high, high school and equivalent schools, the total number of Special Guidance Teachers is 259,244 teachers. While for the kindergarten level the number of teachers is 85,499 teachers. Competency Standards for Special Guidance Teachers refer to Minister of National Education Regulation No. 16 of 2007 - Academic Qualification Standards and Competencies of Teachers and Minister of National Education Number 32 of 2008 - Academic Qualification Standards and Competencies of Special Education Teachers. In general, there are four competencies that must be mastered by Special Guidance Teachers, namely Personality, Social, Pedagogic, and Professional Standards. The title of this program is â€œThe Education and Training Program Guideline for Special Guidance Teacher Competence Development. This prorgam divided into three main subjects, namely general training subjects, basic training subjects, and supporting training subjects with the number 47 subject and 450 hours. This program has not been validated and field tested yet. In the next research step it is necessary to validate it by experts and to do field test to determine the level of validity and effectiveness of the program.

Revealing Gender Dynamics: Comparative Analysis of Religiosity, Emotional Intelligence, and Academic Resilience in Junior High School Students Herdiansyah, Diki; Fauziah, Mufied; Kawai, Norimune; Kumara, Agus Ria; Suci Rohmadheny, Prima; Muyana, Siti
Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender Vol. 19 No. 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Pusat Studi gender dan Anak (PSGA) Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/sa.v19i2.22653

In ever-developing social dynamics, understanding gender roles is becoming increasingly important. Previous research suggests that gender can influence how individuals respond to academic and emotional challenges, with factors such as religiosity and emotional intelligence playing an important role in this process. This study investigated gender differences in religiosity, emotional intelligence, and academic resilience among students aged 12–16 years. The method used is comparative quantitative. A total of 626 students (286 males and 340 females) were selected through simple random sampling. The data collection instruments used are the religiosity scale, emotional intelligence scale, and academic resilience scale, developed independently by the researcher and tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis uses the independent sample t-test. The results of data analysis on the religiosity variable show that there is a difference of 0.000 < 0.05 in the religiosity of male and female students. In contrast, the emotional intelligence and academic resilience variables show that there is a difference in emotional intelligence of 0.145 > 0.05 and academic resilience of 0.203 > 0.05 in boys and girls. Overall, the results of this analysis provide important insights into the influence of gender on several aspects of student psychology and behavior. These results can be used to design more inclusive and gender-sensitive educational policies and programs, as well as support the holistic personal development of all individuals, regardless of gender.

The Implementation of the STEM PBL Approach for Students with Disabilities: A Literature Review Wulandary, Verra; Kawai, Norimune
WaPFi (Wahana Pendidikan Fisika) Vol 10, No 1 (2025): WaPFi (Wahana Pendidikan Fisika) February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/wapfi.v10i1.78865

The present systematic literature review (SLR) investigates the successes and challenges associated with the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL) grounded in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) framework for students with disabilities. The authors meticulously analyzed nine previous studies that focus on the application of STEM PBL in both special and inclusive educational settings. The findings suggest that STEM PBL is a successful and engaging pedagogical approach that positively influences various aspects of learning for students with disabilities. While the results highlight significant improvements in learning outcomes and student conduct during the educational process, several studies concurrently report challenges inherent in implementing STEM PBL for this demographic. Consequently, further research is warranted to explore how students with disabilities engage with a STEM PBL-focused curriculum. The implications of these findings are practical for educators, providing actionable insights to develop effective STEM PBL learning designs tailored for students with disabilities.

Strategies for Educating Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Learners in Lesotho: A Literature Review Morai, Mamotjoka Joyce; Kawai, Norimune
Journal of Education for Sustainability and Diversity Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Angstrom Centre of Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57142/jesd.v3i2.611

Exploring research about teachers’ instructional strategies and challenges can help reveal potential opportunities to improve the quality of education iterated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). This review summarizes the literature on the strategies used to teach deaf and hard-of-hearing learners (DHHLs) in Lesotho, the rationale behind using the strategies, and the challenges teachers face during instruction. The review involved thoroughly searching, identifying, reading, and summarizing research from databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and African-related databases. The results indicate a need for further research, as only a few studies have been identified (n=6). A review of these studies indicates an overall need for teacher training to provide more strategies for teachers to enhance instruction for DHHLs. The strategies teachers use are reported to be varied, such as experiments, peer tutoring, demonstrations, bubble maps, and repetition. This variation prompts further examination of factors other than strategies, such as DHHLs’ language backgrounds, to provide more insight into research and practice in addressing their needs.

Bibliometric Analysis on the Implementation of Heutagogy and Cybergogy in Inclusive Education for Higher Education Jatiningsiwi, Tata Gading; Ummah, Umi Safiul; Zainal, Mohd Syazwan Bin; Kawai, Norimune; Cheong, Loh Sau; Low, Hui Min
Journal of Education for Sustainability and Diversity Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Angstrom Centre of Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57142/jesd.v3i2.651

Inclusivity in education has become the worldwide for over 30 years, including in Indonesia. The models of learning became important to achieve learning goals. But, limited literature examines the implementation of heutagogy and cybergogy theories in learning models for higher education in inclusive settings. This study aims to examine how heutagogy and cybergogy theoretical approaches can be associated with inclusive education for higher education. The method used was bibliometric analysis. After filtered, 79 articles were found between 2019-2024, and they will be analyzed using performance analysis, science mapping, and visualization. The findings show that the implementation of heutagogy and cybergogy theories in inclusive education for higher education has not been widely studied. The research trends are around COVID-19, pedagogy, character education, and augmented reality. Further, only one study discusses the heutagogy approach to disability in higher education, but no study discusses the cybergogy approach to inclusive education in higher education, also no study discusses the approach through these two theories together in the practice of inclusive education for higher education.

The Causal Impact of Recruitment and Selection on the Perceived Performance of Teachers: Evidence from Public Secondary Schools in Phnom Penh, Cambodia Chhy, Sothy; Kawai, Norimune
Journal of Education for Sustainability and Diversity Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Angstrom Centre of Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57142/jesd.v3i1.540

In recent years, schools have investigated recruitment and selection practices to contribute to teacher performance, demonstrating that they value them. This quantitative study aimed to examine the impact of recruitment and selection practices on the performance of public secondary teachers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and the relationship between recruitment and selection and teacher performance. Our findings indicate that recruitment and selection impact teacher performance through processes and methods. It demonstrates the relationship between recruitment and selection and teacher performance through its critical exploration. The implications for our research contribute to recruitment and recruitment processes and methods that lead to teacher performance and the relationship between recruitment and teacher performance. The findings suggest a policy implication that there needs to be a greater need to improve recruitment and selection policies to enhance teacher performance. This study underlines the importance of recruitment and selection processes and methods as academic sources for researchers.

Analyzing the Relationship between Performance Appraisal and Teacher Performance: Evidence from Cambodia Chhy, Sothy; Kawai, Norimune
Journal of Education for Sustainability and Diversity Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Angstrom Centre of Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57142/jesd.v3i1.544

In recent years, MoEYS has implemented a strategic plan to adhere to SDG 4 in promoting the quality of education. MoEYS also devotes itself to performance appraisals to measure and enhance teacher performance in Cambodian secondary schools. This quantitative study analyses the relationship between performance appraisal and teacher performance. It further examines the factors in current performance appraisal practices that influence teacher performance in public secondary in schools Phnom Penh, Cambodia. This study discovered the performance appraisal processes and methods that influence teacher performance. Our findings indicate a significant relationship between performance appraisal and teacher performance. Additionally, this study provides solutions to improve performance appraisal on target setting and performance rating assessment. It also provides a substantial roadmap for school principals to practice the performance appraisal more effectively to enhance teacher performance. Future research should consider performance appraisal practices that could influence teacher performance in Cambodian primary schools.

Japanese Teachers’ Attitudes and Self-Efficacy Toward Inclusive Education: Three-Way ANOVA and Regression Analyses Oo, Zun Wai; KAWAI, Norimune; MATSUMIYA, Nagako; HAYASHIDA, Masashi
Journal of Education for Sustainability and Diversity Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Angstrom Centre of Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57142/jesd.v3i1.612

In the last two decades, interest in inclusive education has grown, and researchers have begun to study teachers’ attitudes toward it. However, few studies have examined both pre-service and in-service teachers’ perspectives, particularly in Japan. Therefore, the current study contributed to investigating the attitudes and self-efficacy of pre-service and in-service teachers toward inclusive education in Japan. A descriptive survey was used to collect data for quantitative analysis. Firstly, no significant main effects and interactions of attitudes were found for all independent variables. Next, it was found that there were two main effects on the self-efficacy scale: training and prior contact with disabilities. Finally, two predictors for the attitude scale were found: self-efficacy and training in inclusive education and special needs education. These results implied a better understanding of the attitudes and self-efficacy of pre-service and in-service teachers. They provided insight into how to improve teacher training for inclusive quality education for all, as envisioned by SDG 4.

The Efficacy of Mnemonic Strategies in Improving the Basic Multiplication Facts Retrieval Wulandary, Verra; Kawai, Norimune
Journal of Education for Sustainability and Diversity Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Angstrom Centre of Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57142/jesd.v3i1.614

The current quasi-experimental study aims to investigate the efficacy of mnemonic strategies (Visual imagery and Story-linking) to improve the basic multiplication fact retrieval of grade 3 students with mathematics difficulties. The authors employed a quantitative approach within the matching-only pretest-post-test control group design to analyze the data on 206 subjects, of whom 78 exhibited mathematical difficulties. The study was conducted in eight inclusive primary schools in Purwakarta City, Indonesia. The research findings indicated that the N-gain acquisition of students in the experimental group (0.38) outperformed students in the control group (0.11). Similarly, the N-gain acquisition of students with mathematics difficulties in the experimental group (0.26) indicated a higher enhancement than those in the control group (0.08). Overall, the mnemonic strategies improved the students’ retrieval of basic multiplication facts on students with and without mathematics difficulties. However, mnemonic strategies have successfully achieved two of the Sustainable Development Goals 4 (SDG 4) by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on ensuring students with disabilities as one of the vulnerable groups, have equal access to education and guaranteeing both male and females are literate and numerically literate. These findings have practical implications for educators, providing them with actionable insights to develop effective teaching strategies for students with mathematics difficulties.

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