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Sintesa dan Karakterisasi Katalis CaO-MgO/KF untuk Konversi Trigliserida Menjadi Monogliserida dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Khairunisa, Amira Zalwa; Selastia Yuliati; Mustain
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize CaO-MgO/KF catalyst derived from dolomite sourced from Gresik, East Jawa, for the conversion of triglycerides into monoglycerides via glycerolysis of palm oil. The dolomite was calcined at 800 ℃ to produce active CaO and MgO phases. The catalyst were impregnated with 2% and 3% potassium fluoride (KF) by weight, followed by recalcination at various temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 ℃ for 4 hours. Characterization included basic site quantification via acid-base titration and morphological and elemental analysis using SEM-EDS. The result showed that the catalyst with 3% KF and calcination at 550 ℃ exhibited the highest basic site density of 12,3 mmol/g, along with a rough, porous surface morphology conducive to catalytic activity. Glycerolisis testing demonstrated the highest monoglyceride yield of 56% under these optimum condition. The addition of KF enhanced the basic strength and efficiency of the catalyst. This study confirm that CaO-MgO/KF catalyst synthesized from dolomite are promising as efficient and environmentally friendly heterogenous catalyst for monoglyceride synthesis.
Tahlīlu Akhṭāʾi Mutaʿallimi al-ʿArabiyyah Min al-ʾIndūnīsiyyīn fī Istikhdāmi al-ʾAfʿāli al-Mutaʿaddiyah biḥurūfi al-Jarr: Analisis Kesalahan Para Pelajar Bahasa Arab yang Berasal dari Indonesia dalam Penggunaan Fi'il Muta'addi bi Hurufil Jarr Faisal Zaky Ibrahimi; Mustain; Nasaruddin
al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/almahara.2023.092-05

Abstract

This study aimed to discover the mistakes made by second-grade students at Ma'had Ibad Ar-Rahman Surabaya in using fi‘il muta‘addi bi ḥarfi al-jarr in Arabic sentences and the underlying reasons. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The instruments used were observations and tests of ten students out of a total of 19 students. The test consists of 10 Indonesian sentences with transitive verbs with prepositions, and then these sentences are translated into Arabic in the form of fi‘il muta‘addi bi ḥarfi al-jarr. The results obtained are as follows: Forms of errors in using fi‘il muta‘addi bi ḥarfi al-jarr in students are subtracting and replacing the jarr letters that should be used. The factors that influence these mistakes are (1) ignorance of the boundaries of verb rules, (2) influences from the mother tongue, (3) little learning of Arabic rules, and (4) psychological factors such as haste, forgetfulness, laziness, and others.To address these factors, teachers can use methods that explain the rules of the Arabic language, such as the taqobuli method. This teaching method compares the rules of the Arabic language with those of the Indonesian language. By doing so, students can understand the differences and similarities in the rules of using the 'jarr' letters in 'fi'il muta'addi’ between the two languages.  
Co-Authors Agung Widiastuti Alamyar, Iqbal Hussain Arafah Qurota A’yun Astuti, Andriani Mei Danang Bagus Reknadi Faisal Zaky Ibrahimi Fakhrudin Nasrul Sani Febriyani Heru Kurniawan Khairunisa, Amira Zalwa Khusnul Khotimah M. Ghofar Rohman Maharani, Dewi Mariyatul Kiptiyah Mohamad Rizan Muzaroah Ermawati Ulkhasanah Nasaruddin Purnomo Hadi Susilo, Purnomo Hadi Rahmi Selastia Yuliati Utomo, Aphila Fraga Listyo Wahidin Yusuf Hasbullah Ziaulrahman Mushkalamza