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A Systemacic Review of Vanadium and Derivates : Distribution of Coordination Complex and Application Alam, Muhammad Nur
Hayyan Journal Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): October
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center of Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/hayyan.v1i3.2409

Vanadium is a metal that has unique characteristics both in the form of free elements, ions, and in the form of complex compounds. In common with other minerals, essential and non-essential, vanadium has a wide range of usual dietary intakes, levels of least observed adverse effects, measures of toxicological exposure, and potential therapeutic effects, with concentration ranges that may be disease specific. This review aims to summarize and evaluate the distribution and interactions between vanadium communities in aquatic, soil, and biological chemical systems. In the aquatic environment, vanadium can be distributed directly by marine microorganisms and marine biota, as well as sediments, which at certain concentrations are very toxic, and several studies have even equated the toxicity of vanadium with other heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury and chromium. In soil, vanadium contamination can originate from parent rocks and anthropogenic activities such as mining, the textile industry, the burning of fossil fuels, and the effects of pesticide use. High concentrations of vanadium can interfere with energy metabolism and matter cycles; inhibits the action of enzymes, protein synthesis, ion transport, and other important physiological processes. However, it is unique because vanadium provides an advantage in plant growth process at low levels. On the other hand, the coordination of vanadium with various types of ligands to make complex compounds significantly enhances the significance of vanadium in various applications such as catalysis in polymerization reactions, and therapeutic agents and drug candidates. Ultimately, although vanadium has demonstrated cytotoxicity in testing as a therapeutic agent, several studies have shown promising opportunities for designing effective and safe vanadium derivates-based antiviral or COVID-19 drug candidates in the future.

A Systemacic Review of Vanadium and Derivates : Distribution of Coordination Complex and Application Alam, Muhammad Nur
Hayyan Journal Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): October
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center of Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/hayyan.v1i3.2409

Vanadium is a metal that has unique characteristics both in the form of free elements, ions, and in the form of complex compounds. In common with other minerals, essential and non-essential, vanadium has a wide range of usual dietary intakes, levels of least observed adverse effects, measures of toxicological exposure, and potential therapeutic effects, with concentration ranges that may be disease specific. This review aims to summarize and evaluate the distribution and interactions between vanadium communities in aquatic, soil, and biological chemical systems. In the aquatic environment, vanadium can be distributed directly by marine microorganisms and marine biota, as well as sediments, which at certain concentrations are very toxic, and several studies have even equated the toxicity of vanadium with other heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury and chromium. In soil, vanadium contamination can originate from parent rocks and anthropogenic activities such as mining, the textile industry, the burning of fossil fuels, and the effects of pesticide use. High concentrations of vanadium can interfere with energy metabolism and matter cycles; inhibits the action of enzymes, protein synthesis, ion transport, and other important physiological processes. However, it is unique because vanadium provides an advantage in plant growth process at low levels. On the other hand, the coordination of vanadium with various types of ligands to make complex compounds significantly enhances the significance of vanadium in various applications such as catalysis in polymerization reactions, and therapeutic agents and drug candidates. Ultimately, although vanadium has demonstrated cytotoxicity in testing as a therapeutic agent, several studies have shown promising opportunities for designing effective and safe vanadium derivates-based antiviral or COVID-19 drug candidates in the future.

A Review: Nanofiller for Chitosan Membrane in DMFC Application Alam, Muhammad Nur
Hayyan Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center of Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/hayyan.v2i2.3401

Chitosan, a biodegradable polysaccharide derived from chitin, is emerging as a sustainable, low-cost alternative to perfluorinated membranes (like Nafion®) in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs). However, pristine chitosan membranes suffer from low proton conductivity (~10⁻³ S/cm), excessive methanol crossover, limited thermal and oxidative stability, and poor mechanical strength. To address these challenges, significant attention has focused on reinforcing chitosan matrices with nanofillers—such as nanosilica, titanium dioxide (TiO₂), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and sulfur- or phosphorous-doped nanoparticles—to tune hydrophilicity, proton transport pathways, and mechanical integrity.This review evaluates synthesis strategies, nanofiller types, and their concentration effects on key membrane properties. Fabrication techniques center on dispersion of nanofillers into chitosan–acid solutions, casting, drying, and crosslinking with agents like glutaraldehyde or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Characterizations include SEM/TEM imaging for morphology, mechanical testing for tensile strength and elongation, proton conductivity via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, methanol permeability assays, and thermal/oxidative resilience through TGA and Fenton’s reagent exposure.Findings demonstrate that silica and TiO₂ nanocomposites can elevate proton conductivity to ~10⁻² S/cm, while reducing methanol permeability to the order of 10⁻⁷ cm²/s. Conductive carbon nanofillers (CNTs, GO) introduced interconnected proton channels, further enhancing conductivity, though at potential cost to homogeneity.

Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Komposit TiO2-Montmorillonit, Sebagai Fotokatalis Dalam Degradasi Zat Warna Metil Blue Alam, Muhammad Nur
Hayyan Journal Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center of Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/hayyan.v2i1.3403

The TiO2-Montmorillonite (Ti-MMT) composite has been synthesized with the aim of increasing the ability of the TiO2 photocatalyst to degrade blue metal. The TiO2-MMT composite was characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SAA. Titanium dioxide is an important material that has been widely researched by experts. TiO2 has unique electronic and optical properties, so it can be used as a catalyst and in various other applications. This compound has been synthesized using various synthesis methods. This article aims to summarize various methods of TiO2 synthesis, morphology, and crystallization of TiO2 with nanostructures. Research is carried out through literature study or literature review. The review results show that TiO2 can be synthesized via various methods, including hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, direct oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, sonochemistry, and microwave-based methods. The most commonly found crystal phase is the anatase phase.

Antifouling Membrane Modification for Water Desalination: Study of Synthesis and Modification Alam, Muhammad Nur
Hayyan Journal Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center of Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/hayyan.v2i3.4370

One of the most important ingredients on earth that everyone needs is water. Consumption of large amounts of water is needed in various human activities such as agriculture, power generation, sanitation, drinking water needs and others. Membrane technology has developed into an indispensable platform technology for water purification, including seawater and brackish water desalination, due to its energy-saving and cost-effective qualities. However, membrane fouling, which results from the non-specific interaction between the membrane surface and foulants, severely impedes the effective deployment of membrane technology. Therefore, this review aims to provide a complete overview of the fabrication and modification of polymer or biopolymer based membranes as an antifouling membrane that focused on the method and performance of antifouling membrane, including water flux, salt rejection, and fouling properties. This review will first outline the main foulants and the primary mechanisms of membrane fouling, followed by a discussion of the development of antifouling membranes, including antifouling tactics and preparation methods. In the final site, the author will be show about the application, challenges and potential future of the antifouling membrane for water desalination.

A Systematic Literature Review: Chitosan-Based Membrane for Pollutant Removal from Wastewater Alam, Muhammad Nur
Hayyan Journal Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center of Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/hayyan.v2i3.4371

This review synthesizes research on development of synthesis techniques and modification methods for chitosan- based membranes, all application areas for pollutant separation to address inconsistencies in membrane performance and limited comparative analyses across pollutant classes. The review aimed to evaluate synthesis and chemical modification strategies, benchmark fabrication methods for mechanical strength and selectivity, identify nanomaterial integration approaches, compare pollutant removal efficiencies, and analyze challenges in membrane applications. A systematic analysis of studies from diverse synthesis methods—including phase inversion, electrospinning, and 3D printing—and modification approaches such as chemical crosslinking and nanomaterial incorporation was conducted. Findings reveal that nanocomposite and crosslinked membranes exhibit enhanced mechanical stability, permeability, and selective removal of heavy metals, dyes, and organic pollutants, with adsorption capacities reaching up to 1500 mg/g and oil-water separation efficiencies exceeding 98%. However, variability in synthesis protocols, limited regeneration data, and insufficient real wastewater evaluations constrain practical scalability. Integration of photocatalytic and antifouling modifications improves fouling resistance and operational longevity, though long-term durability remains underexplored. These results underscore the potential of tailored chitosan-based membranes for multifunctional pollutant separation while highlighting the need for standardized methodologies and comprehensive regeneration studies. The synthesis informs future research directions to optimize membrane design and facilitate broader implementation in sustainable water treatment technologies.

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