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All Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan indonesia VISIKES JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) Kesmas Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat : Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat Insights in Public Health Journal Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Promotor: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat Svāsthya: Trends in General Medicine and Public Health
Muhammad Addin Rizaldi
Department Of Public Health, Faculty Of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other

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Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and its association with stunting in developing countries in Asia: A systematic review Rizaldi, Muhammad Addin; Ali, Khaidar; Rara, Swara Mega Hasanah; Panjaitan, Bintang Sri Rezeki
Svāsthya: Trends in General Medicine and Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : PT. Mega Science Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70347/svsthya.v2i2.81

Abstract

Stunting is a vital health issue in developing Asian countries, where millions of individuals suffer from chronic malnutrition. Stunting not only is caused by chronic malnutrition but is also influenced by inadequate water supply, sanitation problems, and poor hygiene practices in the community. However, research on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and its association with stunting is limited, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to analyze the associations between water, sanitation, and hygiene practices and the occurrence of stunting in Asia. This article is a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 1,002 articles were reviewed, of which 560 were published. Additionally, articles could be selected and dropped because they had no original research. After duplicate articles were removed, 168 articles were removed. The screening and extraction results revealed 14 articles eligible for review. After the article was reviewed and read, only five articles were eligible, and only 5 articles could be reviewed because the article discussed WASH and stunting in developing countries in Asia. Inadequate WASH practices were strongly associated with stunting among children under five years of age. An insufficient water supply and access to safe drinking water contribute to this condition, as inadequate water availability can increase the risk of stunting. Additionally, groundwater unfit for consumption increases the likelihood of undernutrition, including stunting, underweight, and wasting in children. Access to improved drinking water sources is essential for reducing stunting, as households with such access report lower stunting rates. Solutions to address stunting in children under five years of age include enhancing drinking water sources, improving sanitation facilities, and promoting better hygiene practices. Local governments should provide adequate water provision and accessible drinking water.
Analysis of pH and Total Coliform Bacteria Contamination in Rainwater Based on the Materials and Maintenance of Rainwater Harvesting Systems Ashifatul Azizah; Khoiron Khoiron; Ellyke Ellyke; Muhammad Addin Rizaldi
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan (on progress)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.408

Abstract

The present study investigates variations in the quality of rainwater, with a focus on the materials and maintenance practices employed in rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems within Ploso Hamlet, Plosobuden Village, Lamongan Regency. The aim of the present study is to monitor pH levels and to identify the presence of total coliform contamination. The present study employed a descriptive quantitative approach, with 30 RWH units being purposively selected from a total of 106. The data were collected through three means: observation, in-depth interviews, and laboratory testing. The result of this study shows that rainwater was contaminated with coliform bacteria, with a mean value of 3.6 MPN/100 ml and a maximum value of >1600 MPN/100 ml, which exceeds the standard for drinking water (0 MPN/100 ml). Furthermore, 48.3% of samples exhibited a pH value that exceeded the acceptable range, with the highest recorded value being 10.7.  Maintenance was substandard, with 66.7% of respondents admitting to cleaning their tanks only once a year. Furthermore, none had received education on proper maintenance. In conclusion, the analysis indicates that harvested rainwater in Ploso Hamlet does not conform to the criteria for direct consumption. The study identifies the presence of biological contamination and improper pH levels as the primary causes of the water's unsuitability for human consumption. It is recommended that the knowledge base be augmented through the implementation of a health education programme, complemented by enhanced filtration measures.
Co-Authors Acknes Leonita Ali, Khaidar Arif Sumantri Ashifatul Azizah Ayu Aulia Balgis Putri Salindra Ellyke Ellyke Ellyke Hamidya, Syifa Ula Isa Ma’rufi Khoiron Khoiron Khoiron Khoiron Laste Menanti Lilis Sulistyorini Ma'rufi, Isa Mohd Talib Latif Mohd Talib Latif Nurjazuli Nurjazuli Panjaitan, Bintang Sri Rezeki Putri, Serius Miliyani Dwi R Azizah R Azizah R. Azizah Rara, Swara Mega Hasanah Siti N.A Jauharoh Sugiharto, Septiono Bangun suratman Tri Joko Wardana, Lalu Muhammad Fikri