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Effect of Different Inoculum Combination on Biohydrogen Production from Melon Fruit Waste Amekan, Yumechris; Wangi, Dyah Sekar A P; Cahyanto, Muhammad Nur; Sarto, Sarto; Widada, Jaka
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 7, No 2 (2018): July 2018
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.7.2.101-109

The natural microbial consortium from many sources widely used for hydrogen production. Type of substrate and operating conditions applied on the biodigesters of the natural consortium used as inoculum impact the variation of species and number of microbes that induce biogas formation, so this study examined the effect of different inoculum source and its combination of biohydrogen production performance. The hydrogen producing bacteria from fruit waste digester (FW), cow dung digester (CD), and tofu waste digester (TW) enriched under strictly anaerobic conditions at 37OC. Inoculums from 3 different digesters (FW, CD, and TW) and its combination (FW-CD, CD-TW, FW-TW, and FW-CD-TW) were used to test the hydrogen production from melon waste with volatile solids (VS) concentration of 9.65 g/L, 37Â°C and initial pH 7.05 Â± 0.05. The results showed that individual and combined inoculum produced the gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide without any detectable methane. The highest cumulative hydrogen production of 743 mL (yield 207.56 mL/gVS) and 1,132 mL (yield 231.02 mL/gVS) was shown by FW and FW-CD-TW, respectively. Butyric, acetate, formic and propionic were the primary soluble metabolites produced by all the cultures, and the result proves that higher production of propionic acid can decrease hydrogen yield. Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium baratii prominently seen in all single and combination inoculum. Experimental evidence suggests that the inoculum from different biodigesters able to adapt well to the environmental conditions and the new substrate after a combination process as a result of metabolic flexibility derived from the microbial diversity in the community to produce hydrogen. Therefore, inoculum combination could be used as a strategy to improve systems for on-farm energy recovery from animal and plant waste to processing of food and municipal waste.Article History: Received February 5th 2018; Received in revised form May 7th 2018; Accepted June 2nd 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Amekan, Y., Wangi, D.S.A.P., Cahyanto, M.N., Sarto and Widada, J. (2018) Effect of Different Inoculum Combination on Biohydrogen Production from Melon Fruit Waste. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 101-109.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.101-10

Pengaruh Teknik Aplikasi Pestisida terhadap Derajat Keparahan Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) pada Petani Mahawati, Eni; Husodo, Adi Heru; Astuti, Indwiani; Sarto, Sarto
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.16.2.37-45

Judul: Pengaruh Teknik Aplikasi Pestisida Terhadap Derajat Keparahan Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) Pada PetaniLatar Belakang: Kabupaten GroboganÂ sebagai sentra utama pertanian di Jawa Tengah yang banyak menggunakan pestisida mengalami peningkatan kasus PPOK sejak tahun 2010, dimana Â etiologi PPOK berasal dari gene-enviroment interaction dan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja utama terkait paparan zat toksik di tempat kerja. Persentase terbesar (71%) penderita PPOK berdasarkan data rekam medis 2009-2012 di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan adalah petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisisÂ pengaruh teknik aplikasi pestisida terhadap derajat keparahan PPOK pada petani.Materi dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol yang dilakukan diÂ Kabupaten Grobogan dengan 100 petani sebagai responden yang dipilih secara purposive. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan klinis dan spirometri. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearman danÂ regresi logistik ordinal.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23% responden termasuk PPOK Sedang, 17% PPOK sangat berat, 7% PPOK ringan dan 3% PPOK berat. Sebagian besar responden menyatakan lama penyemprotan pestisida lebih dari 5 jam per hari (69%), seminggu lebih dari 1 kali (72%), waktu penyemprotan pada pagi/sore hari (95%). Sebagian besar responden (85%) sering melakukan penyemprotan pestisida tanpa memperhatikan arah angin dan melakukan penyemprotan pestisida melawan arah angin (42%),Â saat angin kencang (36%) dan menggunakan baju/kain yang sudah terpapar pestisida untuk menyeka keringat (42%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antata derajat keparahan PPOK dengan lama paparan pestisida per hari (p value=0,003) dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida (0,000). Ada pengaruh signifikan lama paparan pestisida per hari (p value=0,004) dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida (p value=0,000) terhadap derajat keparahan PPOK.Simpulan: Temuan baru dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik aplikasi pestisida yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap derajat PPOK adalah lama paparan per hari dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida. Implikasi hal tersebut terhadap kesehatan masyarakat yaitu diperlukannya sosialisasi prosedur kerja aman petani dalam menggunakan pestisida dengan menyempurnakan teknik aplikasi pestisida secara baik dan benar dalam pencegahan Â PPOK. Disarankan lama paparan pestisida disarankan tidak melebihi 5 jam per hari dan dihindarkan penyemprotan pestisida melawan arah angin.Â AbstractTitle: Effect of Pesticide Application Technical to The Severity Degree of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on FarmersBackground: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease whose etiology derives from gene-enviroment interaction and has been one of the major occupational diseases associated with exposure to toxic substances in the workplace. Result of analysis of medical record data 2009-2012 in PKU Muhammadiyah Gubug Sub-Province of Grobogan Regency, it is known that the biggest percentage of COPD patients (71%) are farmers. This research aimed to analyze the effect of technical pesticide application on the severity degree of COPD to farmers.Methods: This research is a case-control study which was conducted in Grobogan District with 100 farmers repondents, had been selected by purposive method sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation, clinical examination and spirometry. Data was analysed by rank spearman correlation and ordinal logistic regression.Results: The results showed that were 23% respondents in moderate COPD, 17% very severe COPD, 7% mild COPD and 3% severe COPD. Most respondents had spraying time pesticide Â more than 5 hours daily (69%), more than 1 time weekly (72%), mostly in morning/afternoon (95%). Most of respondents (85%) frequently sprayed pesticides regardless of wind direction, sprayed pesticides against wind direction (42%), sprayed pesticides when high speed winds (36%) and used â€œpesticide-exposed clothesâ€ to wipe sweat ( 42%). The result of statistical test showed significant correlation of the severity degree of COPD with pesticide exposure daily (p value = 0,003) and suitability of pesticide spraying direction (0,000). There were significant effect of pesticide exposure daily (p value = 0,004) and suitability of pesticide spraying direction (0,000) to the severity degree of COPD.Conclusion: The new findings in this study are the technical application of pesticide that has been shown to affect the severity degree of COPD is the length of exposure daily and the suitability of the pesticides spraying direction. The implications of this to public health is the need for socialization of safe work procedures of farmers in using pesticides by perfecting technical aspects of pesticide applications properly and correctly in the prevention of COPD. It was recommended not to exceed 5 hours daily and avoid spraying pesticides against the wind direction.Â

Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Hydrogen Production from Melon Fruit (Cucumis melo L.) Waste by Anaerobic Digestion Microbial Community Kharisma, Agung Dian; Amekan, Yumechris; Sarto, Sarto; Cahyanto, Muhammad Nur
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.40883

Biohydrogen (H2) production has the potential to provide clean, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective energy sources. The effect of increasing oxidative stress on biohydrogen production by acid-treated anaerobic digestion microbial communities was studied. The use of varying amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mM) for enhancing hydrogen production from melon fruit waste was investigated. It was found that H2O2 amendment to the H2-producing mixed culture increased hydrogen production. Treatment with 0.4 mM H2O2 increased cumulative H2 output by 7.7% (954.6 mL/L), whereas treatment with 0.1 mM H2O2 enhanced H2 yield by 23.8% (228.2 mL/gVS) compared to the untreated control. All treatments showed a high H2 production rate when the pH was 4.5 â€“ 7.0. Â H2O2-treated samples exhibited greater resilience to pH reduction and maintained their H2 production rate as the system became more acidic during H2 fermentation. The application of H2O2 affected the volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile during biohydrogen fermentation, with an increase in acetic and propionic acid and a reduction in formic acid concentration. The H2O2 treatment positively affects H2 production and is proposed as an alternative way of improving H2 fermentation.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI AREN DI DUKUH BENDO, DESA DALEMAN, KEC. TULUNG, KAB. KLATEN SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) DENGAN METODE PENGOLAHAN AEROBIK Jovita Irene Pongoh; Sarto -; Muhammad Sulaiman
ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering Vol 2, No 1 (2014): ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering
Publisher : Master in Systems Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

These days, a lot of solid and liquid waste produced from aren powder indutry, and one of the area for this industry located in Bendo Subvillage, Klaten District, Central Java. The liquid waste is the unwanted product from of the aren powder during the screening and precipitation process.. The liquid waste produced by the industry at Dukuh Bendo is containing high of BOD and COD and this is became an environmental disaster as most of the liquid waste did not through the waste treatment process, and sent directly to water stream so there is a need to overcome or minimize this whole problem, and the making of liquid organic fertilizer from the liquid waste of this industry is one of the solution. The usage of liquid organic fertilizer also can reduce the usage of chemical fertilizer and also can help repair the soil condition and minimize the environmental destruction caused by liquid waste from this industry.During the research, for the liquid waste treatment aerobic proces in the aeration pond is used with the addition of bacteria and varoius dilution composition; VAR1 the composition between liquid waste and water 50:50 with bacteria added, VAR2 the composition between liquid waste and water 80:20 with bacteria added, VAR3 the composition 100% liquid waste with bacteria added, VAR4 100% liquid waste with no bacteria added. From the laboratory test found that the liquid waste from aren industry contains 686 mg/l BOD and 5800 mg/l COD. The research was done in some stages; preliminary test to understand the characteristic of the liquid waste from aren powder industry, specially the BOD and COD levels,treatment in the aeration pond, and the result from the process ( liquid organic fertilizer) and it tested to cornstalk in this research and the height and the leaves growth are recordedThe result from aeration process with bacteria added are : the BOD with the efeective retention time for VAR2 is in day 4, with BOD level at 3.2 mg/l which is 98.8% reduced from the original level ( 686 mg/l). The COD with effective retention time for VAR2 is in day 4 with COD level at 120 mg/l which is 96.98% reduced from the original level ( 5800 mg/l. The maximum nitrogen level is in day 5 at 0.07629%, phospor level at 0.0199% and potassium level at 0.0169%the positif growth of the cornstalk recorded during the period of the time showing that the nutrient absorbed properly.

Kinetika Reaksi Heterogen Etanolisis Minyak Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis) dengan Katalisator Zeolit Klinoptilolit Ratna Sri Harjanti; Sarto
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 3, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Minyak jarak kepyar mempunyai potensi untuk dijadikan biodiesel melalui proses alkoholisis katalitik. Zeolit alam klinoptilolit berpotensi digunakan sebagai katalisator dalam alkoholisis tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, alkoholisis minyak jarak dilakukan pada suhu tinggi dengan katalisator zeolit alam klinoptilolit dalam sebuah reaktor autoklaf yang dilengkapi dengan manometer, termometer, kran pengambil cuplikan, dan pemanas. Data percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pada kisaran waktu tertentu, peningkatan suhu dan putaran autoklaf mengakibatkan peningkatan konversi gliserid. Hasil analisis kinetika reaksi menunjukkan bahwa reaksi kimia pada permukaan katalisator merupakan langkah yang mengendalikan kecepatan reaksi keseluruhan. Kondisi proses yang relatif optimum terjadi pada waktu 60 menit, suhu 120°C dan kecepatan putaran autoklaf 110 rpm dengan perbandingan alkohol-minyak 12,56 mgek/mgek dan prosentase katalisator 2,56 %. Pada keadaan ini konversi gliserid mencapai 0,73 bagian. Ester dari minyak jarak yang diperoleh memiliki viskositas 8,0 cst, titik tuang -16,6°F, titik nyala 215°F, warna ASTM 1, dan nilai kalor 19.119 Btu/lb. Kata kunci: alkoholisis, klinoptilolit, minyak jarak, zeolit Castor oil of Ricinus communis has potential as a raw material for biodiesel synthesis through catalytic alcoholysis process. Clinoptilolite type natural zeolite is one of solid catalysts that can be used in the alcoholysis process. In the present work, the alcoholysis was carried out in an autoclave reactor equipped with manometer, thermometer, sampling valve, and heating element. The reaction occurred at elevated temperatures with the use of clinoptilolite as a solid catalyst. The experimental data indicated that in a certain reaction time range, an increase in temperature and autoclave rotation speed lead to the increase of reaction conversion. Calculation results showed that the overall reaction rate was controlled by chemical reaction at the catalyst surface. The optimum condition of the alcoholysis process was obtained at reaction time of 60 minutes, temperature of 120C and autoclave rotation of 110 rpm with the use of alcohol-oil ratio of 12.56 mgek / mgek and 2.56% (w/w) catalyst. At the optimum condition, the conversion could reach as high as 0.73. The obtaining esters had a viscosity of 8.0 cst, -16.6°F pour point, 215°F flash point, ASTM color of 1, and heating value of 19,119 Btu/lb. Keywords: alcoholysis, clinoptilolite, castor oil, zeolite

Kinetika Reaksi Esterifikasi Gliserol Monoacetin dari Gliserol Hasil Samping Industri Biodiesel dan Asam Asetat dengan Katalisator Lewatit Monoplus s-100 Anita Arsyad; Hary Sulistyo; Sarto
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Biodiesel is one of the potential candidates for alternative energy to replace fossil fuel. Glycerol is the side product in biodiesel production. To increase the economic value, glycerol can be processed through esterification to produce glycerol monoacetine. Monoacetine is very useful for non-food application such as printing ink, plasticizer, and intermediate material for biodegradable polyester. This research was conducted in batch reactor with variations of reaction temperatures (323 K-343 K), catalyst concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7% w/w of glycerol), and reactant ratios in terms of glycerol and acetate volume ratios (3:1, 5;1, and 7:1). Samples were withdrawn every 15 minutes up to 60 minutes of reaction time and the free fatty acid concentration was measured. Besides, the initial acid concentration and free glycerol in the raw material were also measured. The highest conversion was obtain as much as 63.86% at 343K, 7:1 reactant volume ratio (glycerol: acetic acid), and catalyst concentration of 3% of glycerol weight. The reaction kinetics of glycerol mono acetin production was modeled. Two kinetics models were used, which were pseudo-homogeneous catalytic model and heterogeneous catalytic model. Based on experimental data fitting on the models, it turned out that pseudo-homogeneous model was better representing the esterification of glycerol with Lewatit Monoplus s-100 catalyst. Keywords: esterification, acetic acid, monoacetin glycerol, Lewatit Monoplus s-100 Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan bahan bakar diesel. Gliserol merupakan produk samping dari produksi biodiesel. Untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonominya, gliserol dapat diesterifikasi untuk membentuk gliserol monoacetin. Kegunaan monoacetin sangat banyak untuk keperluan non-makanan seperti pelarut dalam tinta cetak, plasticizer dan bahan baku poliester yang biodegradable. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam sistem batch dengan variasi suhu reaksi 323 K–343 K, konsentrasi katalis 3%, 5% dan 7% dari massa gliserol, serta perbandingan volum pereaksi (gliserol:asam asetat) 3:1, 5:1 dan 7:1. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap 15 menit sampai waktu 60 menit untuk dianalisis kadar asam bebasnya. Dalam penelitian ini kinetika reaksi gliserol monoacetin didekati dengan model matematis yang disusun dari persamaan neraca massa. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan konversi tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 63,86% pada suhu 343 K, perbandingan volum gliserol: asam asetat sebesar 7:1 dan konsentrasi katalis 3% dari massa gliserol yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini, diuji 2 model kinetika reaksi yaitu model katalitik pseudo-homogen dan model `katalitik heterogen. Berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan data eksperimen, model pseudo-homogen lebih sesuai untuk esterifikasi gliserol dengan katalisator Lewatit Monoplus s-100. Kata kunci: esterifikasi, asam asetat, gliserol monoacetin, Lewatit monoplus s-100

Kinetika Reaksi Heterogen Etanolisis Minyak Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis) dengan Katalisator Zeolit Klinoptilolit Ratna Sri Harjanti; Sarto
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 3, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.561

Minyak jarak kepyar mempunyai potensi untuk dijadikan biodiesel melalui proses alkoholisis katalitik. Zeolit alam klinoptilolit berpotensi digunakan sebagai katalisator dalam alkoholisis tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, alkoholisis minyak jarak dilakukan pada suhu tinggi dengan katalisator zeolit alam klinoptilolit dalam sebuah reaktor autoklaf yang dilengkapi dengan manometer, termometer, kran pengambil cuplikan, dan pemanas. Data percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pada kisaran waktu tertentu, peningkatan suhu dan putaran autoklaf mengakibatkan peningkatan konversi gliserid. Hasil analisis kinetika reaksi menunjukkan bahwa reaksi kimia pada permukaan katalisator merupakan langkah yang mengendalikan kecepatan reaksi keseluruhan. Kondisi proses yang relatif optimum terjadi pada waktu 60 menit, suhu 120°C dan kecepatan putaran autoklaf 110 rpm dengan perbandingan alkohol-minyak 12,56 mgek/mgek dan prosentase katalisator 2,56 %. Pada keadaan ini konversi gliserid mencapai 0,73 bagian. Ester dari minyak jarak yang diperoleh memiliki viskositas 8,0 cst, titik tuang -16,6°F, titik nyala 215°F, warna ASTM 1, dan nilai kalor 19.119 Btu/lb. Kata kunci: alkoholisis, klinoptilolit, minyak jarak, zeolit Castor oil of Ricinus communis has potential as a raw material for biodiesel synthesis through catalytic alcoholysis process. Clinoptilolite type natural zeolite is one of solid catalysts that can be used in the alcoholysis process. In the present work, the alcoholysis was carried out in an autoclave reactor equipped with manometer, thermometer, sampling valve, and heating element. The reaction occurred at elevated temperatures with the use of clinoptilolite as a solid catalyst. The experimental data indicated that in a certain reaction time range, an increase in temperature and autoclave rotation speed lead to the increase of reaction conversion. Calculation results showed that the overall reaction rate was controlled by chemical reaction at the catalyst surface. The optimum condition of the alcoholysis process was obtained at reaction time of 60 minutes, temperature of 120C and autoclave rotation of 110 rpm with the use of alcohol-oil ratio of 12.56 mgek / mgek and 2.56% (w/w) catalyst. At the optimum condition, the conversion could reach as high as 0.73. The obtaining esters had a viscosity of 8.0 cst, -16.6°F pour point, 215°F flash point, ASTM color of 1, and heating value of 19,119 Btu/lb. Keywords: alcoholysis, clinoptilolite, castor oil, zeolite

Kinetika Reaksi Esterifikasi Gliserol Monoacetin dari Gliserol Hasil Samping Industri Biodiesel dan Asam Asetat dengan Katalisator Lewatit Monoplus s-100 Anita Arsyad; Hary Sulistyo; Sarto
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.31034

Biodiesel is one of the potential candidates for alternative energy to replace fossil fuel. Glycerol is the side product in biodiesel production. To increase the economic value, glycerol can be processed through esterification to produce glycerol monoacetine. Monoacetine is very useful for non-food application such as printing ink, plasticizer, and intermediate material for biodegradable polyester. This research was conducted in batch reactor with variations of reaction temperatures (323 K-343 K), catalyst concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7% w/w of glycerol), and reactant ratios in terms of glycerol and acetate volume ratios (3:1, 5;1, and 7:1). Samples were withdrawn every 15 minutes up to 60 minutes of reaction time and the free fatty acid concentration was measured. Besides, the initial acid concentration and free glycerol in the raw material were also measured. The highest conversion was obtain as much as 63.86% at 343K, 7:1 reactant volume ratio (glycerol: acetic acid), and catalyst concentration of 3% of glycerol weight. The reaction kinetics of glycerol mono acetin production was modeled. Two kinetics models were used, which were pseudo-homogeneous catalytic model and heterogeneous catalytic model. Based on experimental data fitting on the models, it turned out that pseudo-homogeneous model was better representing the esterification of glycerol with Lewatit Monoplus s-100 catalyst. Keywords: esterification, acetic acid, monoacetin glycerol, Lewatit Monoplus s-100 Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan bahan bakar diesel. Gliserol merupakan produk samping dari produksi biodiesel. Untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonominya, gliserol dapat diesterifikasi untuk membentuk gliserol monoacetin. Kegunaan monoacetin sangat banyak untuk keperluan non-makanan seperti pelarut dalam tinta cetak, plasticizer dan bahan baku poliester yang biodegradable. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam sistem batch dengan variasi suhu reaksi 323 K–343 K, konsentrasi katalis 3%, 5% dan 7% dari massa gliserol, serta perbandingan volum pereaksi (gliserol:asam asetat) 3:1, 5:1 dan 7:1. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap 15 menit sampai waktu 60 menit untuk dianalisis kadar asam bebasnya. Dalam penelitian ini kinetika reaksi gliserol monoacetin didekati dengan model matematis yang disusun dari persamaan neraca massa. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan konversi tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 63,86% pada suhu 343 K, perbandingan volum gliserol: asam asetat sebesar 7:1 dan konsentrasi katalis 3% dari massa gliserol yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini, diuji 2 model kinetika reaksi yaitu model katalitik pseudo-homogen dan model `katalitik heterogen. Berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan data eksperimen, model pseudo-homogen lebih sesuai untuk esterifikasi gliserol dengan katalisator Lewatit Monoplus s-100. Kata kunci: esterifikasi, asam asetat, gliserol monoacetin, Lewatit monoplus s-100

Efektivitas instalasi pengelolaan air limbah komunal program Usri 2014 di Kecamatan Depok Sleman Noor Rosyidah Amini; Sarto Sarto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 8 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Purpose: To find out the relationship of capacity design toward effectiveness of Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) Methods: This study was an observational study, using a cross-sectional design. Method of sampling of waster water is done by grab sampling method. The data analysis used a descriptive analysis. Results: The results showed that the highest level of effectivity of BOD and TSS are 91,09% and 97,50%. The level of MPN coliform and MPN E.coli are >1600x102 MPN/100ml, it means exceeded the quality standard of waste water. Suitability of capacity design with operational of WWTP including discharge, number of users, level of BOD and TSS, level of MPN Coliform and MPN E.coli are more appropriate, the effectiveness in processing both of BOD and TSS also increased. Conclusion: there is a trend between the design capacity of WWTP to the effetiveness of BOD and TSS levels. The more appropriate the design with operational, the higher the level effectiveness of BOD and TSS levels.

Keterampilan Peserta Didik Menggunakan Website Aplikasi Magma Indonesia untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Literasi Peringatan Dini Bencana Erupsi di SMA Negeri 1 Cepogo Sarto, Sarto; Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati; Juhadi, Juhadi
Journal of Edugeography Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): VOL 12 NO 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/928aex19

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keterampilan dan pengetahuan literasi peringatan dini erupsi siswa melalui penggunaan website aplikasi Magma Indonesia dalam pembelajaran geografi di SMA Negeri 1 Cepogo, Kabupaten Boyolali. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei dan desain cross-sectional digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data pada satu titik waktu. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas website Magma Indonesia dalam meningkatkan literasi bencana dan kesiapan siswa menghadapi potensi bahaya erupsi. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Cepogo, dengan sampel purposive terdiri dari 34 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner angket, tes, dan dokumentasi, dan dianalisis secara deskriptif persentase untuk mengukur keterampilan dan pengetahuan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan website Magma Indonesia sebagai alat pembelajaran sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan penggunaan website magma. Sebelum pembelajaran, sebagian besar siswa berada dalam kategori keterampilan rendah. Namun, setelah integrasi website Magma, terjadi peningkatan signifikan dalam keterampilan siswa. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa dalam literasi peringatan dini juga mengalami peningkatan dalam kategori sangat baik menguasi. Peningkatan ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi teknologi digital dalam pembelajaran dapat secara efektif meningkatkan literasi bencana dan mempersiapkan siswa menghadapi situasi darurat terkait erupsi. Temuan ini mendukung penggunaan teknologi berbasis aplikasi dalam pendidikan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan literasi siswa secara efektif.

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