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A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INVESTIGATING OF COMPOUND GROUP CONTAINED IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MAHAGONY (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) SEEDS RELATED TO Α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION Anjar Purba Asmara
Jurnal Natural Volume 18, Number 2, June 2018
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

A preliminary study to determine the group of compound contained in the ethanolic extract of mahagony (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) seeds and its inhibitory activity to a-glucosidase enzyme has been done. The information from this study will be used in the further investigation about the specific constituents related to the bioactivity. The seed was grounded and then extracted with ethanol by maceration technique. The crude extract was separated with liquid-liquid extraction by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as the solvents. The best eluent for isolation, chloroform:ethanol (1:1), was determined by thin layer chromatography while alumina as stationary phase. The isolation step with column chromatography gave two types of isolates, yellow and colorless isolate. In order to get information about the compound, the crude extract was subjected to phytochemical assignment and the isolate with the better activity was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory activity for the yellow isolate with IC50 as 19.345 ppm was better than the colorless isolate. Therefore, the IR spectroscopy assay was subjected to the yellow isolate. Based on the comparison IR spectra with literatures, it has suggested that the yellow isolate contains tetranortriterpenoid or limonoid group.Keywords: Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq., diabetes type 2, a-glucosidase, tetranortriterpenoidREFERENCE World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. http://www.who.int. Accessed on 18 July 2017.Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Situasi dan analisis diabetes. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes RI.Dutta, M., Raychaudhuri, U., Chakroborty, R., and Maji, D. 2011. Role of diet and plants on diabetic patients - a critical appraisal. Science and Culture. 77 (3–4).Eid, A.M.M., Elmarzugi, N.A., and El-Enshasy, H.A. 2013. A Review on the phytopharmacological effect of Swietenia macrophylla, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 5 (3): 47-53.Bera, T.K., Chatterjee, K., Jana, K., Ali, K.M., De, D., Maiti, M., and Ghosh, D. 2012. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effect of hydro-methanolic (2:3) extract of the seed of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat: an approach through pancreas. Genomic Medicine, Biomarkers, and Health Sciences. 4: 107-117.Li, D.D, Chen, J.H, Chen, Q, Li, G.W, Chen, J, and Yue, J.M. 2005. Swietenia mahagony extract shows agonistic activity to PPAR-γ and gives ameliorative effects on diabetic db/db mice. Acta Pharmacol Sinica. 26 (2): 220-222.Sathish, R., Natarajan, K., and Selvakumar, S. 2010. Antidiabetic activity of Swietenia mahagoni seed powder in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2(4): 296-299.Wresdiyati, T., Sa’diah, S., and Winarto, A., Febriyani, V. 2015. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and hypoglycemic activities of Sweitenia mahagoni seed extract. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences. 22 (2): 73-78.Sukardiman, Riza, N.F., Rakhmawati, Studiawan, H., Mulja, H.S., and Rahman, A. 2013. Hypoglycemic activity of 96% ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees. and Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. combination, E-Journal Planta Husada,. 1.Masitha, M. 2011. Skrining aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan penapisan fitokimia dari beberapa tanaman obat yang digunakan sebagai antidiabetes di indonesia. Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Aliyan, A.H. 2012. Uji penghambatan aktivitas alfa-glukosidase dan identifikasi golongan senyawa kimia dari fraksi aktif ekstrak biji mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King). Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Ibrahim, M.A., Koorbanally, N.A., and Islam, M.S. 2014. Antioxidative activity and inhibition of key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (a-glucosidase and a-amylase) by Khaya senegalensis. Acta Pharm. 64: 311–324.Harborne, J. B. 1984. Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. New York: Chapman and Hall.Kadota, S., Marpaung, L., Tohru, K., and Ekimoto, H. 1990. Constituents of the seeds of Switenia mahagoni JACQ. I. isolation, structures, and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance signal assignments of new tetranorterpenoids related to swietenine and swietenolide. Che. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 639–651.Rahman, A. K. M. S., Chowdhury, A. K. A., Ali, H.A., Raihan, S.Z, Ali, M.S., Nahar, L., and Sarker, S.D. 2009. Antibacterial activity of two limonoids from Swietenia mahagoni against multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. J Nat Med. 63: 41–45.Yadav, L.D.S. 2005. Organic spectroscopy. Allahabad: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Dewanjee, S., Maiti, A., Das, A.K., Mandal, S.C., and Dey, S.P. 2009. Swietenine: a potential oral hypoglycemic from swietenia macrophylla seed. Fitoterapia. 80: 249–251.Maiti, A., Dewanjee, S., and Sahu, R. 2009. Isolation of hypoglycemic phytoconstituent from Swietenia macrophylla Seeds, Phytother. Res. 23: 1731–1733.Marliana, S.D., Suryanti, V., and Suyono. 2005. Skrining fitokimia dan analisis kromatografi lapis tipis komponen kimia buah labu siam (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam ekstrak etanol, Biofarmasi. 3 (1): 26-31.Nurhayati, Siadi, K., and Harjono. 2012. Pengaruh konsentrasi natrium benzoat dan lama penyimpanan pada kadar fenolat total pasta tomat, Indo. J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 1 (2): 158-163.Siadi, K. 2012. Ekstrak bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) sebagai biopestisida yang efektif dengan penambahan larutan NaCl. Jurnal MIPA. 35 (1): 80-81.Klein, D.R. 2012. Organic chemistry. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S. 2001. Introduction to spectroscopy. London: Thomson Learning.Minaeva, V.A., Minaev, B.F., Baryshnikov, G.V., Romeyko, O.M., and Pittelkow, M. 2013. The FTIR spectra of substituted tetraoxa[8]circulenes and their assignments based on DFT calculations, Vibrational Spectroscopy. 65: 147–158.Mootoo, B.S., Ali, A, Motilal, R, Pingal, R, Ramlal, A, Khan, A, Reynolds, W.F, and McLean, S. 1999. Limonoids from Swietenia macrophylla and S. aubrevilleana. J. Nat. Prod. 62: 1514-1517.Lin, B.D., Yuan, T., Zhang, C.R., Dong, L., Zhang, B., Wu, Y., and Yue, J.M. 2009. Structurally diverse limonoids from the fruits of Swietenia mahagoni. J. Nat. Prod. 72: 2084–2090.Cheng, Y.B., Chien, Y.T., Lee, J.C., Tseng, C.K., Wang, H.C., Lo, W., Wu, Y.H., Wang, S.Y., Wu, Y.C., and Chang, F.R. 2014. Limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla with inhibitory activity against dengue virus 2. J. Nat. Prod. dx.doi.org/10.1021/np5002829.Zhang, W.M., Liu, J.Q., Deng, Y.Y., Xia, J.J., Zhang, R.N., Li, Z.R., and Qiu, M.H. 2014. Diterpenoids and limonoids from the leaves and twigs of Swietenia mahagoni. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 4:53–57.Ma, Y.Q., Jiang, K., Deng, Y., Guo, L., Wan, Y.Q., and Tan, C.H. 2017. Mexicanolide-type limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla, Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, DOI: 10.1080/1028-6020.2017.1335715.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.Tan, Q.G., and Luo, X.D. 2011. Meliaceous limonoids: chemistry and biological activities. Chem. Rev., 111, 7437–7522.Fang, X., Di, Y. T, and Hao, X. J. 2011. The advances in the limonoid chemistry of the Meliaceae family. Current Organic Chemistry. 15: 1363-1391.Taylor, D. A. H. The chemistry of the limonoids from meliaceae. https://link.spri-nger.com/book-series/126. Accessed on 21 July 2017.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INVESTIGATING OF COMPOUND GROUP CONTAINED IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MAHAGONY (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) SEEDS RELATED TO Α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION Anjar Purba Asmara
Jurnal Natural Volume 18, Number 2, June 2018
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jn.v18i2.9236

A preliminary study to determine the group of compound contained in the ethanolic extract of mahagony (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) seeds and its inhibitory activity to a-glucosidase enzyme has been done. The information from this study will be used in the further investigation about the specific constituents related to the bioactivity. The seed was grounded and then extracted with ethanol by maceration technique. The crude extract was separated with liquid-liquid extraction by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as the solvents. The best eluent for isolation, chloroform:ethanol (1:1), was determined by thin layer chromatography while alumina as stationary phase. The isolation step with column chromatography gave two types of isolates, yellow and colorless isolate. In order to get information about the compound, the crude extract was subjected to phytochemical assignment and the isolate with the better activity was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory activity for the yellow isolate with IC50 as 19.345 ppm was better than the colorless isolate. Therefore, the IR spectroscopy assay was subjected to the yellow isolate. Based on the comparison IR spectra with literatures, it has suggested that the yellow isolate contains tetranortriterpenoid or limonoid group.Keywords: Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq., diabetes type 2, a-glucosidase, tetranortriterpenoidREFERENCE World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. http://www.who.int. Accessed on 18 July 2017.Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Situasi dan analisis diabetes. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes RI.Dutta, M., Raychaudhuri, U., Chakroborty, R., and Maji, D. 2011. Role of diet and plants on diabetic patients - a critical appraisal. Science and Culture. 77 (3–4).Eid, A.M.M., Elmarzugi, N.A., and El-Enshasy, H.A. 2013. A Review on the phytopharmacological effect of Swietenia macrophylla, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 5 (3): 47-53.Bera, T.K., Chatterjee, K., Jana, K., Ali, K.M., De, D., Maiti, M., and Ghosh, D. 2012. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effect of hydro-methanolic (2:3) extract of the seed of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat: an approach through pancreas. Genomic Medicine, Biomarkers, and Health Sciences. 4: 107-117.Li, D.D, Chen, J.H, Chen, Q, Li, G.W, Chen, J, and Yue, J.M. 2005. Swietenia mahagony extract shows agonistic activity to PPAR-γ and gives ameliorative effects on diabetic db/db mice. Acta Pharmacol Sinica. 26 (2): 220-222.Sathish, R., Natarajan, K., and Selvakumar, S. 2010. Antidiabetic activity of Swietenia mahagoni seed powder in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2(4): 296-299.Wresdiyati, T., Sa’diah, S., and Winarto, A., Febriyani, V. 2015. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and hypoglycemic activities of Sweitenia mahagoni seed extract. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences. 22 (2): 73-78.Sukardiman, Riza, N.F., Rakhmawati, Studiawan, H., Mulja, H.S., and Rahman, A. 2013. Hypoglycemic activity of 96% ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees. and Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. combination, E-Journal Planta Husada,. 1.Masitha, M. 2011. Skrining aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan penapisan fitokimia dari beberapa tanaman obat yang digunakan sebagai antidiabetes di indonesia. Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Aliyan, A.H. 2012. Uji penghambatan aktivitas alfa-glukosidase dan identifikasi golongan senyawa kimia dari fraksi aktif ekstrak biji mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King). Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Ibrahim, M.A., Koorbanally, N.A., and Islam, M.S. 2014. Antioxidative activity and inhibition of key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (a-glucosidase and a-amylase) by Khaya senegalensis. Acta Pharm. 64: 311–324.Harborne, J. B. 1984. Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. New York: Chapman and Hall.Kadota, S., Marpaung, L., Tohru, K., and Ekimoto, H. 1990. Constituents of the seeds of Switenia mahagoni JACQ. I. isolation, structures, and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance signal assignments of new tetranorterpenoids related to swietenine and swietenolide. Che. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 639–651.Rahman, A. K. M. S., Chowdhury, A. K. A., Ali, H.A., Raihan, S.Z, Ali, M.S., Nahar, L., and Sarker, S.D. 2009. Antibacterial activity of two limonoids from Swietenia mahagoni against multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. J Nat Med. 63: 41–45.Yadav, L.D.S. 2005. Organic spectroscopy. Allahabad: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Dewanjee, S., Maiti, A., Das, A.K., Mandal, S.C., and Dey, S.P. 2009. Swietenine: a potential oral hypoglycemic from swietenia macrophylla seed. Fitoterapia. 80: 249–251.Maiti, A., Dewanjee, S., and Sahu, R. 2009. Isolation of hypoglycemic phytoconstituent from Swietenia macrophylla Seeds, Phytother. Res. 23: 1731–1733.Marliana, S.D., Suryanti, V., and Suyono. 2005. Skrining fitokimia dan analisis kromatografi lapis tipis komponen kimia buah labu siam (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam ekstrak etanol, Biofarmasi. 3 (1): 26-31.Nurhayati, Siadi, K., and Harjono. 2012. Pengaruh konsentrasi natrium benzoat dan lama penyimpanan pada kadar fenolat total pasta tomat, Indo. J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 1 (2): 158-163.Siadi, K. 2012. Ekstrak bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) sebagai biopestisida yang efektif dengan penambahan larutan NaCl. Jurnal MIPA. 35 (1): 80-81.Klein, D.R. 2012. Organic chemistry. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S. 2001. Introduction to spectroscopy. London: Thomson Learning.Minaeva, V.A., Minaev, B.F., Baryshnikov, G.V., Romeyko, O.M., and Pittelkow, M. 2013. The FTIR spectra of substituted tetraoxa[8]circulenes and their assignments based on DFT calculations, Vibrational Spectroscopy. 65: 147–158.Mootoo, B.S., Ali, A, Motilal, R, Pingal, R, Ramlal, A, Khan, A, Reynolds, W.F, and McLean, S. 1999. Limonoids from Swietenia macrophylla and S. aubrevilleana. J. Nat. Prod. 62: 1514-1517.Lin, B.D., Yuan, T., Zhang, C.R., Dong, L., Zhang, B., Wu, Y., and Yue, J.M. 2009. Structurally diverse limonoids from the fruits of Swietenia mahagoni. J. Nat. Prod. 72: 2084–2090.Cheng, Y.B., Chien, Y.T., Lee, J.C., Tseng, C.K., Wang, H.C., Lo, W., Wu, Y.H., Wang, S.Y., Wu, Y.C., and Chang, F.R. 2014. Limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla with inhibitory activity against dengue virus 2. J. Nat. Prod. dx.doi.org/10.1021/np5002829.Zhang, W.M., Liu, J.Q., Deng, Y.Y., Xia, J.J., Zhang, R.N., Li, Z.R., and Qiu, M.H. 2014. Diterpenoids and limonoids from the leaves and twigs of Swietenia mahagoni. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 4:53–57.Ma, Y.Q., Jiang, K., Deng, Y., Guo, L., Wan, Y.Q., and Tan, C.H. 2017. Mexicanolide-type limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla, Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, DOI: 10.1080/1028-6020.2017.1335715.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.Tan, Q.G., and Luo, X.D. 2011. Meliaceous limonoids: chemistry and biological activities. Chem. Rev., 111, 7437–7522.Fang, X., Di, Y. T, and Hao, X. J. 2011. The advances in the limonoid chemistry of the Meliaceae family. Current Organic Chemistry. 15: 1363-1391.Taylor, D. A. H. The chemistry of the limonoids from meliaceae. https://link.spri-nger.com/book-series/126. Accessed on 21 July 2017.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.

In Silico Analysis of Antibacterial Activity of Fatty Acids in Swietenia humilis Zucc. Seed Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus sortase A enzyme Asmara, Anjar Purba; Hernawan, Hernawan; Nuzlia, Cut
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 2 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i2.87473

This study utilised molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of various fatty acids (FAs) found in Swietenia humilis to the sortase A (SrtA) protein target from Staphylococcus aureus. Binding energies, measured in kcal/mol, indicated the strength and stability of ligand-protein interactions, with lower values signifying stronger binding. The binding affinities of eight FAs as the active constituents in n-hexane extract of S. humilis and the positive control, gentamicin, were compared to assess their theoretical antibacterial activity. Palmitoleic acid exhibited the strongest binding affinity (-5.6 kcal/mol) among the FAs, suggesting the highest potential antibacterial activity, followed by linoleic, palmitic, linolenic, arachidic, tricosanoic, stearic, and oleic acids in decreasing order of affinity. Despite having weaker binding energies than gentamicin, a common gram-positive inhibitor from aminoglycoside derivative, FAs showed multiple hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions with key residues like ARG197, VAL168, VAL166, and ILE182, contributing to their binding stability. Palmitoleic acid formed multiple hydrogen bonds (ARG197 and GLY119) and significant van der Waals interactions, highlighting its strong theoretical binding. Stearic and oleic acids, although having higher binding energies, also formed critical hydrogen bonds, suggesting moderate potential activity. Gentamicin's single hydrogen bond suggests a highly specific binding site, which may result in high antibacterial activity despite fewer interaction points. The study indicated that FAs like palmitoleic and oleic acid show substantial potential as supplementary antibacterial agents, especially in the context of combating antibiotic resistance. This finding can pave a path for drug design and development to address the S. aureus's resistance.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COAGULANTS AND FLOCCULANTS IN IMPROVING CLARIFIER WATER QUALITY: A CASE STUDY AT PT PERTA ARUN GAS, LHOKSEUMAWE Rahmah, Maulidia; Mahrizal, Mahrizal; Asmara, Anjar Purba
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v8i1.23656

This study evaluated the effectiveness of coagulants and flocculants in improving clarifier water quality, with a focus on pH, iron (Fe) concentration, and turbidity levels. In accordance with Indonesia’s Ministry of Health Regulation No. 32/2017 on environmental health standards for water, clarifier water samples were analyzed before and after treatment. The results show that the treated water complied with the specified standards, with pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 8.5, Fe concentrations below 1 mg/L, and turbidity under 25 NTU. The application of aluminum sulfate as a coagulant and polymer as a flocculant effectively reduced Fe concentrations and turbidity while adjusting the pH to acceptable levels. These findings confirm the critical role of coagulation and flocculation in industrial water treatment processes and demonstrate their potential for enhancing water quality in clarifier systems.

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