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Moch. Dhofir
Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
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PENGARUH PERBESARAN LUAS ELEKTRODA TERHADAP TEGANGAN TEMBUS PADA DIELEKTRIK UDARA MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER TEGANGAN TINGGI AC Angkasa, Aulia; Dhofir, Moch.; Hasanah, Rini Nur
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)
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Breakdown voltage events often occur as a failure of the insulation system in electrical equipment, whether in liquid dielectrics in the form of oil or gas dielectrics in the form of air. An example of a breakdown voltage phenomenon in an electric power system such as a substation is failure (breakdown) between two contacts/conductors of a circuit breaker (CB) or transformer in a substation. The difference in the dimensions of the area of the two contacts/conductors of the circuit breaker influences the distribution of the electric field around the contacts so that it can influence the probability of a breakdown voltage occurring between the two contacts of the circuit breaker which can be likened to two electrodes with different dimensions. In calculatingthe probability of a breakdown voltage occurring, the Gaussian distribution function can be used based on the law of electrode area enlargement (enlargement law). Therefore, this research will describe the effect of increasing the electrode area on the characteristics of the breakdown voltage using an AC (Alternating Current) voltage source. The research method used is by taking data through testing breakdown voltage and leakage current at the High Voltage Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University and simulating the distribution of the electric field at each variation of electrode magnification a, 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a using FEMM 4.2 software. The results obtained in this research are the influence of increasing the electrode area on the characteristics of the breakdown voltage and leakage current. Keywords — Breakdown voltage; Leakage current; Probability; Enlargement law; Electric field
UJI KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN MINYAK BIJI BUNGA MATAHARI SEBAGAI ISOLASI PADA TRANSFORMATOR Putra, Deni Dwi Rahman; Dhofir, Moch.; Utomo, Teguh
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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Transformer oil is a type of liquid insulation used for insulators and coolants in transformers. Until now, the main component in insulating oil production still predominantly comes from petroleum. The availability of petroleum will increasingly run out because petroleum is a non-renewable material. Efforts are needed to reduce the use of petroleum, one way that can be done is to use vegetable oil as liquid insulation. One of the vegetable oils that can be used as liquid isolation is palm oil. However, palm oil still has a low dielectric strength, so sunflower seed oil which has a high dielectric strength is mixed so that the dielectric strength of palm oil can be increased. This research discusses the effect of adding sunflower seed oil to palm oil on the electrical properties of relative permittivity and conductivity as well as breakdown voltage. So in this research four tests will be carried out, namely water content reduction testing, relative permittivity testing, conductivity testing and breakdown voltage testing. The sunflower seed oil used uses a composition of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. Based on the test results that have been carried out, palm oil has a breakdown voltage value of 24.85 KV/2.5 mm. This causes the breakdown voltage value to not meet the IEC 156 standard of 30 KV/2.5 mm. Mixing sunflower seed oil with palm oil can increase the breakdown voltage value of palm oil. The more sunflower seed oil in the composition, the breakdown voltage value will also be greater. A composition of 30% sunflower seed oil has abreakdown voltage value of 44.89 KV/2.5 mm. The value of reducing water content, relative permittivity and conductivity of palm oil is quite large with values respectively 600 PPM; 3.56 F/m; 19.9 × 10^(-10) S/m. The greater the composition of the sunflower seed oil mixture, the reduction in water content, relative permittivity and conductivity will decrease. A mixture with a composition of 30% sunflower seed oil has relative permittivity and conductivity values of 300 PPM respectively; 3.2; 2.12 × 10^(-10) S/m. This shows that the greater the composition of sunflower seed oil, the better the insulating quality. When compared with Shell Diala-B mineral oil, it has a breakdown voltage of 19.61 KV/2.5 mm with a relative permittivity value of 2.95 and a conductivity value of 1.99 × 10^(-10) S/m and a water content reduction value of 0 PPM. Keywords— mixture, palm oil, sunflower seed oil, breakdown voltage, conductivity, relative permittivity
ANALISIS PENGARUH KADAR AIR DAN CAMPURAN FENOL TERHADAP TEGANGAN TEMBUS MINYAK KEMIRI SUNAN SEBAGAI PERTIMBANGAN MINYAK ISOLASI ALTERNATIF Ardiansyah, Muhammad Doni; Dhofir, Moch.; Hasanah, Rini Nur
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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This thesis discusses the enhancement of the dielectric strength of sunan candlenut oil by using phenol additives so that it can be used as an alternative liquid insulation for high voltage equipment. The increase in breakdown voltage level was achieved by adding various mixtures of phenol. Purification through heating was carried out to reduce the water content in the sunan candlenut oil. Electrical testing (breakdown voltage test circuit), physical testing (water content testing using the oven method), as well as calculating conductivity values (by measuring leakage current using a DC circuit) and permittivity (using an LCR multimeter) were conducted. These tests were performed to determine the feasibility of sunan candlenut oil as an insulating oil. The test results showed that the breakdown voltage of pure sunan candlenut oil was 11.67 kV/2.5mm, which did not meetthe SPLN 49 standard of 1982, which is 30kV/2.5mm. The addition of phenol successfully increased the breakdown voltage to 61.91 kV/2.5 mm, and with heating, it reached 67.27 kV/2.5mm. The highest breakdown voltage of 67.27 kV/2.5mm was obtained by mixing 8% phenol (32 ml) and heating the sunan candlenut oil simultaneously. The test results of relative permittivity showed values of pure sunan candlenut oil and 8% phenol-added sunan candlenut oil as 9.89 and 10.25, respectively. In the conductivity test, the values for pure sunan candlenut oil and 8% phenol-added sunan candlenut oil were 22,6×10−9 S/m and 21,6×10−9 S/m,respectively. It can be concluded that the addition of phenol can inhibit the occurrence of breakdown voltage and maintain oil stability, while heating can reduce the water content from 900 ppm to 596.7 ppm. In terms of water content, the modified sunan candlenut oil does not yet meet the maximum standard allowed by SPLN 1982, which is ≤30 ppm. However, in terms of breakdown voltage, the modified sunan candlenut oil has met the SPLN 49 standard of 1982, which is 30 kV/2.5 mm. Keyword: Phenol, water content, insulating oil, kemiri sunan oil, breakdown voltage. conductivity, relative permittivity
ANALISIS PENGARUH SUHU DAN LAMA PEMANASAN MINYAK DEDAK PADI TERHADAP TINGKAT KADAR AIR DAN TEGANGAN TEMBUS Rizal, Mohammad Iqbal Fakhrur; Dhofir, Moch.; Nurwati, Tri
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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This journal discusses the effect of heating with various temperature and duration variations on rice bran oil regarding its moisture content and breakdown voltage, aiming to be used as an alternative liquid insulation oil in high-voltage equipment. Oil purification through heating is conducted to reduce the moisture content in rice bran oil with temperature variations of 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C, and duration variations of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. Electrical testing (using AC breakdown voltage test circuit with capacitive voltage divider method) and physical testing (moisture content reduction test using oven heating method (gravimetric)) are performed to determine the feasibility of rice bran oil as an alternative liquid insulation oil. The test results showed that the breakdown voltage of pure rice bran oil was 17,39 kV/2,5 mm, which did not meet the SPLN 49 standard of 1982, which is 30 kV/2,5 mm before processing. Heating the rice bran oil successfully increased the breakdown voltage to 56,26 kV/2,5 mm, achieved when the oil was treated with a heating temperature of 70°C and a heating duration of 60 minutes. It was found that heating the rice bran oil could reduce its moisture content from 1130 ppm to 624,92 ppm. Thus, it can be concluded that heating significantly affects the moisture content and breakdown voltage of rice bran oil. In terms of moisture content, rice bran oil does not yet meet the maximum standard allowed by SPLN 49 of 1982, which is 30 ppm. However, in terms of breakdown voltage, rice bran oil after heating meets the SPLN 49 standard of 1982, which is 50 kV/2,5 mm after processing. Keywords: Insulation oil, rice bran oil, moisture content, breakdown voltage.
PENGARUH PERBESARAN LUAS ELEKTRODA TERHADAP PROBABILITAS TEGANGAN TEMBUS PADA DIELEKTRIK MINYAK MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER TEGANGAN TINGGI AC Latif, Nabila Fauziah; Dhofir, Moch.; Hasanah, Rini Nur
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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Failure of the insulation system in electrical equipment results in breakdown voltage which can occur in a gas dielectric in theform of air or a liquid dielectric in the form of oil. The breakdown voltage that occurs in transformer oil is due to the presenceof contaminants between the two conductors that bridge the space between the two conductors imperfectly. Transformers havedifferent sizes depending on the maximum power that can be handle. The phenomenon of differences in conductor dimensionsin transformers that have different sizes is likened to electrodes with different cross-sectional area dimensions. The differencein conductor dimensions can affect the distribution of the surrounding electric field which affects the probability of breakdownvoltage. This research will describe the effect of electrode area enlargement on the probability of breakdown voltage in oildielectric using AC (Alternating Current) high voltage source. The research method used is by taking data directly conductedat the High Voltage and Application Laboratory of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya. Simulation of electric field distribution was carried out using FEMM 4.2 software. The variation of cross-sectional area of the electrode rod arrangement used is A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A. The data taken includes the value of oil conductivity, leakage current, and breakdown voltage. Measurement of oil conductivity using a high voltage insulation tester with output in the form of oil resistance value. Measurement of leakage current value is carried out using a test voltage variation of 2 kV, 4 kV, and 6 kV. The breakdown voltage test was carried out using the Up and Down method in 26 trials and analyzed the probability of breakdown based on the Normal Distribution (Gaussian) graph. The results obtained from this study are the greater the electrode area, the more even/homogeneous the electric field distribution, the greater the leakage current value so that the oil resistance between the electrodes is getting smaller, the larger the electrode area, the smaller the breakdown voltage value and the greater the probability of breakdown. Keywords: Shell Diala oil B, rod electrode, leakage current, probability, breakdown voltage
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN FENOL TERHADAP TEGANGAN TEMBUS AC PADA MINYAK JARAK (CASTOR OIL) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN ISOLASI CAIR Handoyono, Tito Tri; Dhofir, Moch.; Hasanah, Rini Nur
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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Mineral oil-based transformer insulation has several problems, namely that it is not environmentally friendly, cannot be decomposed, cannot be renewed and its availability is decreasing. Vegetable oils are an alternative to transformer insulation, one of which is castor oil. This research aims to describe castor oil as an alternative to mineral oil for transformer insulation materials based on SPLN 49 of 1982. This research was carried out using samples of pure castor oil and castor oil with phenol additives of 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%. Water content testing is carried out using the heating method with the aim of reducing the water content in pure castor oil. Heating was carried out at 70ºC for 60 minutes. Breakdown voltage testing is carried out to determine thedielectric strength of castor oil. Based on the minimum requirements of SPLN 49 of 1982, the breakdown voltage is >30 kV. Permittivity and conductivity tests were also carried out on castor oil. The relative permittivity value must meet the specified requirements. The permittivity value for pure castor oil is 12.59 F/m, for castor oil with 3.75% phenol additive it is 12.77 F/m. The conductivity value of pure castor oil is 93.66 × 10^(-9)S/m, while the conductivity value of castor oil with 3.75% phenol as an additive is 3.73 × 10^(-9) S/m. Assay Pure castor oil water uses the gravimetric method and shows that the water content before heating is 3300 ppm, then heating treatment can reduce the water content by 33.06 ppm or 1%. Testing the breakdown voltage of pure castor oil which did not go through a heating process was 30.65 kV, while the breakdown voltage value of pure castor oil which was heated was 36.67 kV, this heating increased by 18.63%. The highest breakdown voltage value for castor oil with 3.75% phenol additive was 46.05 kV at room temperature, while the highest breakdown voltage value for castor oil with 3.75% phenol additive was 58.97 at a heating temperature of 70ºC for 60 minutes. Keyword: heating, Castor oil. Water content, phneol, breakdown voltage
ANALISIS ARUS BOCOR ISOLATOR PADA JTM DI PLN ULP MOJOSARI DALAM KONDISI KERING DAN BASAH Ramadhan, Muhammad Dicky; Dhofir, Moch.; Nurwati, Tri
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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This research discusses about the leakage current analysis of polluted ceramic disk insulators at PLN ULP Mojosari. So that conditions in the laboratory are the same as in the field, leakage current testing is carried out in dry and wet conditions, with variations in wet conditions using rainfall of 25.49 mm, 45.79 mm, and 96.37 mm to simulate rainfall in Indonesia, according to data from BMKG. In this research, a polluted plate insulator consisting of 2 disk insulators is used according to conditions in the field. The test voltage variations used range from 11 kV to 24 kV. From the test results it was found that pollutants on the insulator and rainfall had an effect on the leakage current value, because from the results of testing the pollutant content it was found that the pollutants present were metal and semiconductor which could reduce the insulating ability of the insulator if theseelements stuck to the surface of the insulator . In XRF testing, pollutant elements that are difficult to dissolve in water were found, namely Ti (Titanium) at 1.29%, V (Vanadium) at 0.04%, Cr (Chrome) at 5.97%, Mn (Manganese) at 7.14 %, Fe (Iron) at 11.2%, and Ni (Nickel) at 7.10%. Meanwhile, in the XRF-H method, the element Ti (Titanium) was 1.8%, V (Vanadium) was 0.30%, Cr (Chrome) was 14.4% and Mn (Manganese) was 36.1%. In testing pollutant insulators with a voltage of 20 kV in dry conditions, the leakage current value was 136.43 µA. Then, in testing wet conditions with artificial rainfall of 25.49 mm, 45.79 mm, and 96.37 mm, leakagecurrent values were obtained at 142 µA, 214.83 µA, and 290.63 µA, respectively. In this research, it was found that the greater the artificial rainfall and the test voltage provided, the greater the value of the leakage current flowing through the pollutant insulator. Leakage current flowing on the surface of polluted insulators will also cause electrical power losses and electrical energy losses. The energy loss values obtained at a test voltage of 20 kV are 23.90 kWh for dry conditions, 24,88 kWh for 25,49 mm rainfall, 37,64 kWh for 45,79 mm rainfall, and 50.92 kWh for dr 96.37 mm rainfall. Keyword: Leakage Current, Disk Insulator, Pollutant, Wet, Dry
PENGARUH PERBESARAN LUAS ELEKTRODA TERHADAP PROBABILITAS TEGANGAN TEMBUS PADA DIELEKTRIK MINYAK MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER TEGANGAN TINGGI DC Astari, Bela Natasya; Dhofir, Moch.; Nurwati, Tri
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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The electrode is an electrical conductor that is used to determine a breakdown voltage and functions as a tip medium where the positive and negative sides are opposite. The shapes of electrodes are very diverse, one of which is rod electrodes. This research will describe the effect of increasing the electrode area on the probability of breakdown voltage in oil dielectrics using high DC voltage. The research method used is to collect data through testing breakdown voltage, leakage current and oil conductivity at the High Voltage Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University and carrying out electric field simulations for each variation of electrode area magnification with FEMM 4.2 software. The electrode variations used in testing breakdown voltage and leakage current are A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A. Breakdown voltage testing was carried out with the same distance between electrodes, namely 2 mm, on an oil dielectric using Shell Diala B oil. The results obtained from this research were the influence of increasing the electrode area on the probability of breakdown voltage and leakage current level. Where the greater the area magnification value, the smaller the breakdown voltage value and the greater the leakage current level. Apart from that, the five variations of electrode area magnification have the same homogeneity factor where the electric field distribution is even. Keywords: Electrodes, Enlargement, Probability, Shell Diala B Oil
PENGARUH PERBESARAN LUAS ELEKTRODA TERHADAP PROBABILITAS TEGANGAN TEMBUS PADA DIELEKTRIK UDARA MENGGUNAKAN TEGANGAN TINGGI DC Fianto, Aulia Ramadhan; Dhofir, Moch.; Hasanah, Rini Nur
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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Breakdown voltage can be a random phenomenon that can cause electrical damage, especially DC electric power systems which are being developed because they have advantages over AC electric power systems. One of the components in an electric power system is a conductor wire with a small resistance value which can reduce power losses. One way to reduce the resistance value is to increase the cross-sectional area of the conducting wire, which can also be called the law of area enlargement. This research will describe the effect of increasing the electrode area on the probability of breakdown voltage in air dielectrics using high DC voltage. Leakage current data collection is needed to obtain the air resistance value at each electrode magnification and breakdown voltage data collection using the up and down method is carried out at the High Voltage Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University. Electric field simulations were carried out using FEMM 4.2 software with varying magnification of electrode areas A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A. Keywords - Enlarging of Area, electrode, breakdown voltage, high voltage DC
EVALUASI SISTEM PROTEKSI PETIR INTERNAL PADA INSTALASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO (PLTMH) KALI JARI Faishal, Luthfi Nur; Utomo, Teguh; Dhofir, Moch.
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
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Evaluation of the Internal Lightning Protection System in Micro Hydro Power Plants (MHPP) needs to be carried out to support the continuity of generator work so that the supply of electrical energy is not interrupted. The evaluation carried out included the internal lightning protection system and the existing grounding system at the Kali Jari PLTMH. Based on the lightning protection level of the SNI 03-7015-2004 standard, an efficiency value of 36.47% is obtained at protection level IV with an efficiency value of 0-80%. To obtain the rated value of an arrester for an internal lightning protection system, it is necessary to know the value of the induced voltage that occurs in the network where the distribution lines are open enough to be exposed to indirect strikes. Using calculations from the simplified Rusck method, it was concluded that the change in the value of the induced voltage due to a lightning strike to the distance is inversely proportional following a hyperbolic function, while the change in the current strength of a lightning strike is directly proportional to the induced voltage. The induced voltage entering the lightning protection system ranges from 0.041 kV to 2.684 kV. In evaluating the internal protection system, it was concluded that the existing arrester as a protection device was not in accordance with the needs of the protection system, and that the arrester was needed to be replaced because it had reached its working limit. Arresters according to protection system requirements have a test class T2 that is suitable for securing equipment in the system. Then, the grounding system does not comply with PUIL 2011 standards. So it is necessary to design improvements; 10 conductor rods for 4.8Ω ground resistance using a conservative approach. Meanwhile, the BS 7430:2011 standard approach uses 14 conductor rods with a distance of 2 meters for a ground resistance of 4.76Ω or 12 conductor rods with a distance of 3 meters for a ground resistance of 4.97Ω. Keywords: Lightning, Internal Lightning Protection System, Induced Voltage, Arrester, Earth Resistance
Co-Authors Achmad, Baihaqi Adinda, Kejora Cinta Adityara, Farrel Billy Al Fawwaz, Muhammad Ghozi Ali Mustofa Andiena, Rina Andreyanto, Tegar Setyo Angkasa, Aulia Ardiansyah, Muhammad Doni Ardiansyah, Zakaria Ariella, Syafika Safa Assami, Emir Faruq Astari, Bela Natasya Badriyah, Intan Layla Darsono, Wiwin Diwirya, Raihandika Putra Kusuma Erni Yudaningtyas Faishal, Luthfi Nur Fatahillah, Muhammad Fianto, Aulia Ramadhan Firdausi, Aditya Mahardika Ganendra, Risang Gaol, Gerald Matthew Lumban Ghifari, Ahmad Goegoes Dwi Nusantoro Gumintang, Adnan Gymnastiar, Muhammad Ilham Hadi Suyono Haidar, Achmad Handoyono, Tito Tri Imtiyaz, Kholis Jagad, Mohammad Wahyu Kharsya, Artnezzar Khawarizmy, Muhammad Zinedine Latif, Nabila Fauziah Lestariyanto, Arthur Rahmad Maulana, Eka Mauludi, Mohammad Zidan Maynaki, Erlangga Rizky Mubarok, M. Farid Ibnu Muyassar, Tegar Prasetyo, Achmad Ari Dwi Prastiawan, Hilmi Arif Pratama, Muhammad Arkan Restu Pratomo, Setyo Fajar Purba, Andreas Putra Christiawan Purba, Yobel Yehezkiel Putra, Deni Dwi Rahman Ramadhan, Muhammad Dicky Rasyid, Athallah Rini Nur Hasanah Risnugroho, Brian Rizal, Mohammad Iqbal Fakhrur Rizqiyatullah, Muhammad Rafli Satria, Muchamad Iqbal Sinaga, Andreas Sober Siregar, Josua Hatorangan Siswandi, Wawan Sitompul, Ezra Ananda Situmorang, Haryadi Putra Syarifasa, Arkananta Sydney, Agnes Amadea Rullynda Teguh Utomo Thuhu, Dias Satriyo Tri Nurwati Unggul Wibawa Wardhana, Anak Agung Sagung Gede Paramitha Wijaya, Rizki Adi Wijono, n/a Yuka, Helmi Dwi ‘Aqila, M. Farrel Nikkola Putra