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All Journal Jurnal Dinamika Pendidikan Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Regula Fidei : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen Kurios NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Fidei: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika dan Praktika Kritis KENOSIS: Jurnal Kajian Teologi VISIO DEI: JURNAL TEOLOGI KRISTEN Jurnal Abdiel: Khazanah Pemikiran Teologi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Musik Gereja Jurnal Basataka (JBT) Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society Pute Waya Sociology of Religion Jornal Kharisma: Jurnal Ilmiah Teologi SOPHIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Mamangan Social Science Journal
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Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
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Exploring Ethical Cosmopolitanism Through Tongkonan Symbolism: A Hermeneutic Perspective on the Toraja Community Oktoviandy, Oktoviandy; Loekmono, Lobby; YM. Lattu, Izak; Suwarto, Suwarto
ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/etnosia.v10i2.47814

Abstract

Previous studies have often regarded the tongkonan solely as a traditional, primordial symbol tied exclusively to Toraja culture. This article challenges that view by exploring the broader, transnational ethical dimensions of the tongkonan symbolism, which have not been fully addressed in existing literature. This research aims to empirically examine the relationship between individual subjects, the Toraja community, and other global communities, integrating these findings into a holistic, cosmopolitan perspective. Adopting a qualitative approach with a hermeneutic framework, this study analyzes the tongkonan as a cultural text through the lenses of symbol theory and ethical cosmopolitanism. Six informants participated in the study, consisting of two customary leaders, a church official, a religious leader, an educational practitioner, and a tongkonan carver. Data were collected through unstructured interview and observation. The research findings demonstrate that the symbolism of the tongkonan, understood as a representation of the microcosm, aligns with the principles of ethical cosmopolitanism, particularly in terms of cosmic brotherhood or fraternity. The Toraja people, through their symbolic use of the tongkonan, have historically positioned themselves as cosmopolitans or world citizens. The tongkonan embodies an ideal type of human being—one who is guided by solidarity and a sense of responsibility towards the liyan (fellow beings), thus reflecting a cosmopolitan personality. These results confirm the congruence between the symbolic meaning of the tongkonan and the tenets of ethical cosmopolitanism, indicating that the Torajan people have embraced their identity as global citizens, ethically connected across transnational scales.
GKJ-KG Konsep Diri Majelis dan Idealisme Moral dalam Kepemimpinan Kristen-Jawa: Kajian Sosiologi Agama Adhitya Chris Nugroho; Suwarto Adi; Agus Supratikno
Fidei: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika dan Praktika Vol 9 No 1 (2026): Fidei: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika dan Praktika
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Tawangmangu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34081/fidei.v9i1.801

Abstract

Church leadership within local cultural contexts represents an intersection between theological values and social constructions that shape the practice of faith. In the Javaness tradition, leadership is inseparable from cultural ethics that emphasize harmony, social balance, and refined relational conduct. This study aims to analyze the self-concept of church elders and moral idealism in Javanese-Christian leadership at GKJ Kotagede Yogyakarta, particularly in relation to the low level of congregational participation in church ministry. This research employs a qualitative approach using an ethnographic method to explore subjective experiences, symbolic meanings, and social practices in the relationship between church leaders and congregants. The findings indicate that leadership at GKJ Kotagede is shaped by a dialectic between Christian theology of service and Javanese ethical values that are paternalistic and subtle in nature. This construction positions church elders as the center of moral and spiritual authority, leading congregants to perceive themselves primarily as recipients rather than active subjects of ministry. Consequently, this hierarchical symbolic relationship contributes to the low level of congregational participation. This study recommends the development of a more participatory, dialogical, and emancipatory model of church leadership while remaining rooted in Christian theological values and Javanese cultural traditions. AbstrakKepemimpinan gereja dalam konteks budaya lokal merupakan ruang perjumpaan antara nilai-nilai teologis dan konstruksi sosial yang membentuk praktik hidup beriman. Dalam tradisi Jawa, kepemimpinan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari etika budaya yang menekankan harmoni, keselarasan, dan relasi sosial yang halus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep diri majelis dan idealisme moral dalam kepemimpinan Kristen-Jawa di GKJ Kotagede Yogyakarta, khususnya kaitannya dengan rendahnya partisipasi jemaat dalam pelayanan kemajelisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi untuk memahami pengalaman subjektif, makna simbolik, dan praktik sosial dalam relasi antara majelis dan jemaat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan di GKJ Kotagede dibentuk oleh dialektika antara teologi pelayanan Kristen dan etika budaya Jawa yang bersifat paternalistik dan halus. Konstruksi ini melahirkan figur majelis sebagai pusat otoritas moral dan spiritual, sehingga jemaat cenderung memposisikan diri sebagai penerima pelayanan, bukan sebagai subjek aktif. Akibatnya, relasi simbolik yang hierarkis ini berkontribusi pada rendahnya partisipasi jemaat. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan model kepemimpinan gereja yang lebih partisipatoris, dialogis, dan emansipatoris tanpa melepaskan akar teologis dan kultural Jawa.
Co-Authors Adhitya Chris Nugroho Agus Supratikno Alvyn Hendriks Ambakaraeng, Eliazer Ataupah, Noviyan Kefinabu Benyamin, Nefry Christoffel Brando Zeth Maatoke Christar Arstilo Rumbay Herman Tampubolon Imanuel Teguh Harisantoso Irene Ludji Izak Yohan Matriks Lattu J.T. Lobby Loekmono, J.T. Lobby Jacob Daan Engel Joseph Winston Napoleon Pathmanathan Kristiantia, Graseila Lobby Loekmono, Lobby M.C. Mokoagow, Intan Musarub, Liviana Binti Ngabalin, Marthinus Oktoviandy, Oktoviandy Pathmanathan, Joseph Winston Napoleon R. Tampake, Tony Rumbay, Christar Arstilo Stimson Hutagalung Supratikno, Agus Tony Robert C. Tampake Tsitsigkos, Spyridon Wiryadinata, Halim Wisnu Sapto Nugroho, Wisnu Sapto Yemima Widi