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All Journal Jurnal Dinamika Pendidikan Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Regula Fidei : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen Kurios NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Fidei: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika dan Praktika Kritis KENOSIS: Jurnal Kajian Teologi VISIO DEI: JURNAL TEOLOGI KRISTEN Jurnal Abdiel: Khazanah Pemikiran Teologi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Musik Gereja Jurnal Basataka (JBT) Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society Pute Waya Sociology of Religion Jornal Kharisma: Jurnal Ilmiah Teologi SOPHIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Mamangan Social Science Journal
Suwarto Adi
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Exploring Ethical Cosmopolitanism Through Tongkonan Symbolism: A Hermeneutic Perspective on the Toraja Community Oktoviandy Oktoviandy; Lobby Loekmono; Izak YM. Lattu; Suwarto Suwarto
ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/etnosia.v10i2.47814

Abstract

Previous studies have often regarded the tongkonan solely as a traditional, primordial symbol tied exclusively to Toraja culture. This article challenges that view by exploring the broader, transnational ethical dimensions of the tongkonan symbolism, which have not been fully addressed in existing literature. This research aims to empirically examine the relationship between individual subjects, the Toraja community, and other global communities, integrating these findings into a holistic, cosmopolitan perspective. Adopting a qualitative approach with a hermeneutic framework, this study analyzes the tongkonan as a cultural text through the lenses of symbol theory and ethical cosmopolitanism. Six informants participated in the study, consisting of two customary leaders, a church official, a religious leader, an educational practitioner, and a tongkonan carver. Data were collected through unstructured interview and observation. The research findings demonstrate that the symbolism of the tongkonan, understood as a representation of the microcosm, aligns with the principles of ethical cosmopolitanism, particularly in terms of cosmic brotherhood or fraternity. The Toraja people, through their symbolic use of the tongkonan, have historically positioned themselves as cosmopolitans or world citizens. The tongkonan embodies an ideal type of human being—one who is guided by solidarity and a sense of responsibility towards the liyan (fellow beings), thus reflecting a cosmopolitan personality. These results confirm the congruence between the symbolic meaning of the tongkonan and the tenets of ethical cosmopolitanism, indicating that the Torajan people have embraced their identity as global citizens, ethically connected across transnational scales.
Spiritual Capital as a Driver of Entrepreneurial Spirit Permanent Community, Gambirsari, Salatiga Wisnu Sapto Nugroho; J.T. Lobby Loekmono; Suwarto Adi; Agus Supratikno; Spyridon Tsitsigkos
Jurnal Mamangan Vol 12, No 2 (2023): Special Issue
Publisher : LPPM Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22202/mamangan.v12i2.10137

Abstract

This paper proves that spiritual capital is the driving force of entrepreneurial spirit. Spirituality comes from religious values, traditions, and the environment. It can be seen in the community of Tetep, Dukuh Gambirsari Kelurahan Randuacir, Salatiga, Central Java. The entrepreneurial spirit in this community develops due to the impacts of spirituality that manifest in daily practice. The approach of this paper is autoethnography, which is a narrative study based on the experiences of individuals and communities in society. The research utilizes the theories of capital developed by Karl Marx, Weber, and Pierre Bourdieu. Marx emphasized that humans are beings who work, and material possessions serve as the driving force behind work. Weber argues that economic development is closely intertwined with non-economic factors. Bourdieu conceptualizes capital across various dimensions-economic, cultural, social, and symbolic – which are interconnected with habitus and field. The spiritual capital that grows through the practice of life shows that people have the ability to manifest the appreciation of spirituality into the power to survive and thrive amid changing times. In its development, it was also found that some members of the community did not view their businesses solely as a means of survival, but rather as a source of livelihood that created jobs for many people. This spiritual capital is developed in concrete actions through the creations of self-employment in the form of trade and service business. The development of an entrepreneurial society with all its implementations can be used in this approach. Spiritual capital gives rise to fortitude, perseverance, courage to take risks, learners, gratitude, fruitfulness, and honesty. This spirit became the driving force of capitalism for marginalized communities, known as marginal capitalism or village capitalism. They proved the values, culture, and norms of society.
Messianism as Religious Nationalism: Postcolonial Hermeneutics on Matthew 25:31–46 Deky Nofa Aliyanto; Yusak B. Setyawan; Izak Y.M. Lattu; Suwarto Adi
DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Vol 11, No 1 (2026): Oktober 2026 (In Progress)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Intheos Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30648/dun.v11i1.2297

Abstract

Messianism in the Judeo-Christian tradition is closely related to the collective experience of political subjugation and socio-economic marginalization, particularly under Roman rule after the Jewish–Roman War (66–70 CE). This study analyzes Matthew 25:31–46 within this context using a postcolonial hermeneutic approach, interpreting messianism as a form of religious nationalism. The study presents two main findings. First, the figure of the “Son of Man” represents a form of religious nationalism that functions as symbolic resistance to Roman imperial authority. Second, the identification of the Messiah with “the least of my brothers” reflects religious nationalism as a form of national solidarity rooted in the lived experience of the oppressed. This study contributes to postcolonial biblical interpretation by highlighting how the text constructs collective identity and resistance within a colonized community. It also offers implications for Matthean studies by reframing the passage beyond ethical and eschatological readings toward its ideological and socio-political dimensions.
AKTUALISASI SAPANGAMBEI MANOKTOK HITEI OLEH NAMAPOSO GKPS SEMARANG: ANALISIS TINDAKAN RASIONAL NILAI Sinaga, Vera Astriyani; Adi, Suwarto; Ranimpi, Yulius Yusak
Jurnal Basataka (JBT) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Universitas Balikpapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36277/basataka.v9i1.1385

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji pemaknaan dan aktualisasi falsafah Sapangambei Manoktok Hitei dalam kehidupan sosial Namaposo GKPS Semarang dengan menggunakan kerangka tindakan rasional nilai Max Weber. Sapangambei Manoktok Hitei merupakan falsafah Masyarakat Simalungun yang menekankan kebersamaan, persatuan, kerelaan berkorban, dan semangat tolong-menolong yang dalam penelitian ini dipahami sebagai orientasi nilai dalam praktik sosial Namaposo. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sapangambei Manoktok Hitei dipahami sebagai kerja sama tanpa pamrih, solidaritas, dan rasa kekeluargaan yang membentuk identitas kebersamaan di lingkungan GKPS Semarang. Aktualisasi nilai ini terlihat pada kegiatan Penyambutan Anggota Baru (PAB), kepanitiaan Natal, penggalangan dana, inisiatif gotong-royong, dan dukungan terhadap anggota baru. Namun, penerapan nilai tersebut tidak selalu konsisten karena pengaruh kesibukan, jarak tempat tinggal, dan perbedaan pemahaman antaranggota. Analisis dengan kerangka Weber menunjukkan bahwa tindakan kebersamaan Namaposo merupakan bentuk tindakan rasional nilai yang berlandaskan keyakinan moral terhadap nilai budaya, bukan pertimbangan keuntungan pribadi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa, dalam konteks Namaposo GKPS Semarang, nilai budaya tetap menjadi orientasi penting dalam kehidupan perantauan, meskipun penerapannya mengalami penyesuaian sesuai dinamika kehidupan perantauan.
Co-Authors Adhitya Chris Nugroho Agus Supratikno Agus Supratikno Alvyn Hendriks Ambakaraeng, Eliazer Ataupah, Noviyan Kefinabu Benyamin, Nefry Christoffel Brando Zeth Maatoke Christar Arstilo Rumbay Deky Nofa Aliyanto Herman Tampubolon Imanuel Teguh Harisantoso Irene Ludji Izak Yohan Matriks Lattu J.T. Lobby Loekmono Jacob Daan Engel Joseph Winston Napoleon Pathmanathan JT Lobby Loekmono Kristiantia, Graseila M.C. Mokoagow, Intan Musarub, Liviana Binti Ngabalin, Marthinus Oktoviandy Oktoviandy Pathmanathan, Joseph Winston Napoleon Rumbay, Christar Arstilo Sinaga, Vera Astriyani Spyridon Tsitsigkos Stimson Hutagalung Tony Tampake Wiryadinata, Halim Wisnu Sapto Nugroho Yemima Widi Yulius Yusak Ranimpi Yusak B. Setyawan