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All Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Husada Mahakam: Jurnal Kesehatan Jurnal Keperawatan Raflesia Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Sasambo Journal of Social Research Gemakes: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Formosa Journal of Science and Technology (FJST) Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences (FJAS) Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Jurnal Keperawatan Mahakam Nursing Journal (MNJ) Aspiration of Health Journal MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Poltekita: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Frana Andrianur
Politeknik Kesehatan Kalimantan Timur
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Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Warm Foot Bath Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Patients Ismansyah, Ismansyah; Supriyanto, Arif; Frana Andrianur; Ernawati, Rini
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i4.869

Abstract

Hospitalised patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often exposed to situational anxiety that activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, increases cortisol levels, and contributes to poor glycaemic control; therefore, complementary non-pharmacological nursing interventions that reduce stress may enhance standard treatment outcomes. This study aimed to compare the effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and warm water foot bath therapy (WWFB) on random blood glucose (RBG) levels among hospitalised patients with T2DM receiving standard care. A parallel three-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted in three inpatient wards of Pupuk Kaltim Hospital, Bontang, between August and September 2025, involving 48 patients with admission RBG ≥ 200 mg/dL who were randomly assigned to PMR, WWFB, or control groups in equal proportions using computer-generated randomisation with allocation concealment. The interventions were administered for 15–20 minutes once daily over three consecutive days, and outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation. Data were analysed using paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, and effect size measures. The results showed significant reductions in RBG within all groups, with greater decreases observed in the PMR and WWFB groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in post-intervention RBG between groups, where both PMR and WWFB demonstrated superior effects compared to standard care, while no significant difference was found between the two intervention groups. In conclusion, both progressive muscle relaxation and warm water foot bath therapy are effective complementary nursing interventions for improving glycaemic control in hospitalised patients with T2DM and may be integrated into routine clinical practice to support diabetes management.
Co-Authors Ade Baginda Agustina Banne Ajang, Yupiter Amiruddin Amiruddin Amiruddin Andi Lis Arming Gandini Arifin Hidayat Arifin Hidayat badar, badar Baginda, Ade Cecep Eli Kosasih Dahlia Setiawati Dedy Setiawan Dian Elysa Dwihastia Dian Laila Novianita DP. Era Dwi Prihatin Era Dwi Prihatin Era ENDAH NESTITI URIP RAHAYU Era, Dwi Prihatin Ernawati, Rini Hesti Prawita Widiastuti Inda Corniawati Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Ismansyah Joko Sapto Pramono Khairil Amin Baso Khoirul Hadi Martini Martini Novalinna Appleangeline Rompis Parellangi, Parellangi Prihatin Era, Dwi Rahman, Gajali Ramli Ramli Ramli Ramli Rasmun Santi Kumala Sari Santosa Sari, Santi Kumala Septina Neli Setiadi, Rizky Setiani, Diah Setiawati, Dahlia Sri Ulandari Supriadi B., Supriadi B. Supriyanto, Arif Urip Rahayu Wahyuni, Emmy Putri Wiyadi Wiyadi Wiyadi Wiyadi Wiyadi Yupiter Ajang