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Journal : civil engineering journal

Discharge Estimation for Groundwater Basin Fully Delineated Watersheds Based on the Modified Rational Equation Mayavani, Christine; Soekarno, Indratmo; Farid, Mohammad; Taufiq, Ahmad; Farid Fakhruddin, Muhammad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-04

Abstract

The integration of surface water and groundwater is essential for sustainable water resources management, as both components are hydrologically interconnected through runoff, interflow, and baseflow processes. Surface water and groundwater are inseparable components of the hydrological system, contributing significantly to streamflow and to the calculation of water availability in watersheds. A previous study proposed a simpler, improved equation based on a rational method to estimate potential discharge for fully delineated watersheds within a single groundwater basin. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze potential discharge by applying an equation from previous reports with the addition of a beta (β) parameter to enhance performance. The modified rational equation was compared with three existing methods, namely FJ Mock, Sacramento, and NRECA, across six selected watersheds, including Cidanau, Kupang, Kuto, Sampean, Belawan, and Kumai. The results showed that the modified rational equation achieved the highest correlation coefficient and very good RSR classification, except for Kuto and Belawan. This showed that incorporating the β parameter as a baseflow correction factor in the Modified Rational Equation enhanced model accuracy, as indicated by higher correlation and lower RSR values. Optimal β values showed a strong relationship with watersheds-to-groundwater basin area ratio (AWS/AGWB), determined through an iterative process. The modified rational equation performed optimally in small watersheds (<250 km²), with correlation values >60% in catchments like Cidanau, Kupang, and Kuto. However, the accuracy decreased in larger areas, suggesting suitability for small-scale hydrological systems. The enhancement of the modified rational equation using the β parameter showed an alternative method for determining water availability and potential to improve the development of strategic frameworks of water resource management in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Adi Prasetyo Adi Prasetyo Adityawan, Mohammad Bagus Ahmad Taufiq Aji Prakoso Nimanto Akyunul Jannah Almira Abdul Kholik Ana Nurganah Chaidar Anik Maunatin Antalia K.M. Katili Apri Pratama, Dian Arief Yudho Wicaksono Arno Adi Kuntoro Arno Adi Kuntoro, Arno Adi Arumjeni Mitayani Aryanti Karlina Nurendyastuti Avis Mellivera Bagus Adityawan , Mohammad Bagus Pramono Yakti Burnama, Nabila Siti Calvin Sandi Chaidar, Ana Nugranah Dantje Kardana Natakusumah Dendy Permana Dhemi Harlan Dina P.A Hidayat Dwi Purwantoro Sasongko Eka Oktariyanto Nugroho Erha Intan Sukmajati Fachri, Fiqih Jul Fahrul Kedafota Faisal Yunus Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat Farid Fakhruddin, Muhammad H, Rommy Hadiarto Mangunnegoro Harkunti P. Rahayu Harkunti P. Rahayu, Harkunti P. Hefni Effendi Huseiny, Mohammad Iqbal Idham Riyando Moe Idham Riyando Moe Imas S. Sitanggang, Imas S. Indratmo Soekarno Irfan Sudono Iwan Kridasantausa Hadihardaja Joko Nugroho Kesuma, Tri Nugraha Adi Khilmi Zain Kirana, Pratita Hana Ledowikj, Felix Joel M. Bagus Adityawan Masri nur Sultan Mayavani, Christine Mellivera, Avis Mochamad Mardi Marta Dinata Mochammad Ridwan Muhammad Rizki Purnama Muhammad Syahril Badri Kusuma, Muhammad Syahril Badri Nana Nasuha Djuhri Nanang Fatchurrohman Novintasari Nadeak Pratama, Maryo Inri Prima Putra, Kahar Halim Rahayu, Harkunti Pertiwi Rasmiaditya Silasari Rasmiaditya Silasari Resanti Audrienne Rofidzias Siswo Wicaksono Rohman, Mutiara Indah Nur Salsa Alfadhila Permana Sarah Abighail Sella Lestari Nurmaulia, Sella siti rodiah Sri Legowo WD Suardi Natasaputra Sultan, Masri nur Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo Tia Setiawati Tia Setiawati Vicky Candra Purnama Vika Febriyani Waluyo Hatmoko Widodo, Widodo Widyaningtias Widyaningtias Widyaningtias Widyaningtias, Widyaningtias Widyaningtyas, Widyaningtyas Wisanggeni, Dimas H. Yakti, Bagus Pramono Yetrina , Mutiara Yetrina, Mutiara Zain, Khilmi