Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2020 - 2025
2.203
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Biotropika Journal of Innovation and Applied Technology Jurnal Pembangunan dan Alam Lestari Proceeding International Conference on Global Resource Conservation AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) AL-HAYAT: Journal of Biology and Applied Biology PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Journal of Community Service and Empowerment Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat INOVASI: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat
Zulfaidah Penata Gama
Department Of Biology, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

Published : 28 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 28 Documents
Search

 1   2   3 
Studi Toksisitas Bacillus thuringiensis Isolat Lokal Jawa Timur Berdasarkan Ketinggian Tempat Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti Lidwina Faraline Triprisila; Suharjono Suharjono; Zulfaidah Penata Gama
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 1, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan merupakan penyakit endemis yang menyebabkan angka kematiannya tinggi hampir di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia.  Pada kurun empat tahun terakhir Jawa Timur memiliki kasus DBD paling tinggi. Ketinggian tempat merupakan faktor yang membatasi penyebaran Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor epidemik penyakit demam berdarah. Salah satu cara yang aman untuk memberantas nyamuk tersebut adalah dengan Bacillus thuringiensis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan isolat dan menguji toksisitas Bacillus thuringiensis yang efektif dalam membunuh larva Aedes aegypti dari beberapa ketinggian tempat di Jawa Timur. Sampel sedimen dan air diambil dari dataran tinggi Blitar dan Bondowoso, dataran sedang di Bangkalan, Ponorogo, Madiun dan Tulungagung serta dataran rendah di Lamongan dan Surabaya. Bacillus thuringiensis diisolasi dengan media selektif. Isolat yang didapatkan diamati karakteristik fenotip (Profil Matching Method), kemudian dilakukan pengujian toksisitas pada larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III. Persentase mortalitas larva dianalisis probit (LC50), ragam (ANOVA) dan uji t (t-test). Dua dari 28 isolat Bacillus thuringiensis yang didapatkan yaitu SK.T dan Mdn I TK2 mampu membunuh larva Aedes aegypti lebih dari 50 %. Isolat Mdn I TK2 pada umur biakan 48 jam dan isolat SK.T pada umur biakan 24 jam pada waktu pendedahan 72 jam secara berturut-turut mampu membunuh larva Aedes aegypti sebesar 100 % dan 68,3 %. Isolat Mdn I TK2 lebih efektif membunuh larva Aedes aegypti dibandingkan isolat SK.T dengan nilai LC50-72jam sebesar 2,17×107 sel/ml.
The Abundance and Diversity of Grasshopper (Orthoptera) in Batu City, East Java Mufti Abrori; Amin Setyo Leksono; zulfaidah Penata Gama
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 9, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.01.03

Abstract

Grasshoppers included in the order Orthoptera in the class of insects. Orthoptera orders are divided into two parts, which a large suborder Ensifera and Caelifera. Most grasshopper species have a role as herbivores and a good protein source for other animals. Grasshopper abundance and diversity of ecosystems are more stable in a low disorder and the other way around. The factors that affect grasshoppers which environmental factors such as the structure of the vegetation, atmospheric temperature, and relative humidity. The purpose of this study to analyze the abundance and diversity of grasshoppers in Batu City, East Java. The research location is in Tahura R. Soerjo Cangar, an agricultural area in Sumbergondo Village, Coban Talun, and Junrejo District. Measurement of biotic and abiotic factors was carried out at the grasshoppers living locations, and then the data were analyzed using the Shannon Wiener Diversity index (H'), Importance Value Index (INP), and Biplot analysis. The results were obtained as 754 individual grasshoppers from the Caelifera suborder. While 201 individuals were found in the Ensifera suborder. The results showed that the highest grasshopper abundance was at the Sumbergondo location, which for the Caelifera. While Ensifera on Tahura R. Soerjo Cangar location had the highest grasshopper abundance. The vegetation area influences abundance and diversity of grasshoppers both in the two suborders. The reduction of the grasshopper's natural habitat harms the survival of the grasshopper. Environmental factors and their characteristics can influence the abundance and diversity of insects, including grasshoppers in a habitat
Identifikasi dan Analisis Similaritas Bacillus thuringiensis Isolat Lokal Jawa Timur yang Berpotensi Mengendalikan Pertumbuhan Larva Aedes aegypti sela ayu rohmanita; Zulfaidah Penata Gama
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 1, No 5 (2013)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Jawa Timur merupakan daerah yang memiliki kasus demam berdarah tertinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu agen hayati pengendali vektor virus demam berdarah adalah Bacillus thuringiensis, namun penelitian terkait B. thuringiensis isolat lokal asal Jawa Timur belum banyak diungkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan B. thuringiensis isolat lokal Jawa Timur yang berpotensi mengendalikan larva Aedes. aegypti serta mengetahui karakter dan similaritas fenotip antar isolat tersebut dengan B. thuringiensis acuan (Bti.HD567). Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi B. thuringiensis dari sedimen dan air dengan menggunakan media selektif B. thuringiensis, karakterisasi fenotip berdasarkan morfologi koloni dan morfologi sel (pewarnaan Gram dan endospora), serta uji toksisitas dari masing-masing isolat B. thuringiensis terhadap larva A. aegypti. Data hasil uji toksisitas selanjutnya diseleksi untuk mendapatkan isolat-isolat yang berpotensi tinggi dalam mengendalikan larva A. aegypti yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Isolat yang berpotensi tinggi dalam mengendalikan larva A. aegypti diidentifikasi dengan API 50 CHB, kemudian dibuat dendogram dengan menggunakan CLAD97. Isolat-isolat yang memiliki potensi tinggi dalam membunuh larva A. aegypti yaitu Mdn1.Tk2, SK.T, Pb2.T, W.Swh.S.K2, K.K1.S.K2, dan Jmbr1.T. Berdasarkan dendogram terdapat tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 (Mdn1.Tk2, K.K1.S.K2), 2 (SK.T, Pb2.T dan W.Swh.S.K2) dan 3 (Jmbr1.T).Isolat Mdn1.Tk2 dan K.K1.S.K2 identik dengan Bti.HD567 (100 %), sedangkan SK.T, Pb2.T, dan W.Swh.S.K2 merupakan Genus Bacillus (98,3 %). Isolat Jmbr1.T tidak termasuk Genus Bacillus.
Potential Mapping And Development Strategy Of Karang Joang Village As A Tourism Village Claster Of Sustainable Tourism Support Towards Sungai Wain (Hlsw) Protected Forest In Balikpapan Zulfaidah Penata Gama
Journal of Innovation and Applied Technology Vol 4, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (656.374 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiat.2018.004.02.11

Abstract

Wain River Protected Forest (HLSW) has a very high biodiversity of flora and fauna, but the potential for natural tourism has not received maximum attention in the District of North Balikpapan, as evidenced by the relatively small number of domestic and foreign tourist visits. Therefore the purpose of this activity is to find out the potential and strategies of community development at HLSW locations. Stakeholder analysis is carried out to manage potential conflicts that are expected to hinder the resolution of social and environmental problems that occur in the community. The analysis includes three stages, namely stakeholder inventory, analysis of influences and interests, and identification of participation. Strategic and concrete steps can be taken by providing revolving grants to the community, priority in handling environmental problems, negotiating with relevant parties who care about environmental and social issues, community assistance models to create a clean and healthy environment. The community empowerment model is economically independent, Community-based ecotourism model for improving the welfare of the people of Karang Joang Village Environmental awareness model for elementary school children as environmental ambassadors in Karang Joang Village, North Balikpapan Sub-District, Balikpapan City.
Strategi Pemberantasan Nyamuk Aman Lingkungan: Potensi Bacillus thuringiensis Isolat Madura Sebagai Musuh Alami Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Zulfaidah Penata Gama; Bagyo - Yanuwiadi; Tri Handayani Kurniati
Indonesian Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Graduate Program

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1095.051 KB)

Abstract

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui toksisitas Bacillus thuringiensis isolat Madura terhadap berbagai instar larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan pengaruh toksin yang dihasilkan oleh                         B. thuringiensis isolat Madura terhadap struktur epitel dan jaringan usus larva nyamuk A. aegypti. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan percobaan faktorial, dengan kombinasi perlakuan ditempatkan menurut RAK dan diulang 3 kali. Setelah rearing larva nyamuk, dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan suspensi bakteri dengan seri pengenceran 100–10-5. Jumlah bakteri dihitung, diikuti perhitungan jumlah spora bakteri dengan metode TVSC, kemudian dilanjutkan uji toksisitas bakteri terhadap berbagai instar larva nyamuk. Setelah 24 jam kemudian dihitung jumlah larva yang mati. Tingkat kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh bakteri dilihat dengan cara dibuat irisan melintang larva nyamuk dengan metode parafin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa toksisitas bakteri B. thuringiensis isolat Madura dalam membunuh larva nyamuk instar I sampai 88,89%. Toksisitas yang tinggi tersebut terdapat pada kepadatan bakteri sebanyak 1,51x108 selml-1, tetapi untuk kepadatan bakteri di bawahnya kurang efektif dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Pada kepadatan bakteri tertinggi, semakin tua umur stadium larva nyamuk maka semakin resisten terhadap terhadap serangan toksin yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri B. thuringiensis isolat Madura. Nilai LC50-24 jam untuk instar I sebesar 8,08x107 selml-1, instar II sebesar 9,09x107 selml-1, instar III sebesar 3,94x108 selml-1 dan instar IV sebesar 2,66x108 selml-1. Pengaruh kristal toksin B. thuringiensis isolat Madura terhadap struktur epitel dan jaringan usus tampak pada jaringan usus yang tidak utuh dan inti sel epitel hancur serta bagian dalam usus berlubang-lubang, sedangkan bagian luarnya berwarna hitam. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, Bacillus thuringiensis, musuh alami, pemberantasan     Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis which is isolated from Madura Island as natural enemy of Aedes aegypti larvae. The larvae of Aedes aegypti were reared to provide F2 generation in the laboratory. Larvae selection was carried out by exposing the first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti  (15 larvae in each dilution) for 24 hour to each concentration of Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from Madura island which had been determined LC50-24 h to cause about 50% larvae mortality. Number of bacteria spora is known with TVSC method. Cross section of larvae is made with paraffin method to know level of destruction due to bacteria. The result of the study indicated that Bacillus thuringiensis  isolated from Madura Island able to  kill first instar of Aedes aegypti larvae until 88,89%. High toxicity of bacteria in the density of bacteria cell is 1,51x108 cellml-1. The bacteria cell density less than 1,51x108 cellml-1 not effective. In the highest density, the older stadium of larvae more resistance than the younger stadium larvae. Average of LC50-24 h for first instar larvae is 8,08x107 cellml-1, second instar is 9,09x107 cellml-1, third instar is 3,94x108 cellml-1 and fourth instar is 2,66x108 cellml-1. The toxin’s of Bacillus thuringiensis effects affect structure of epitel and intestine tissue of Aedes aegypti larvae are not complete. This phenomena indicates that Bacillus thuringiensis from Madura Island have its potential to become biocontrol of Aedes aegypti. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Bacillus thuringiensis, biocontrol, natural enemy
Distribusi dan Komposisi Nyamuk di Wilayah Mojokerto madaniatul islamiyah; Amin Setyo Leksono; Zulfaidah Penata Gama
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 1, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Nyamuk merupakan salah satu serangga yang memiliki peran sebagai vektor dari agen penyakit. Penyakit  yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk masih merupakan masalah kesehatan bagi masyarakat, salah satunya yaitu Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Jenis-jenis penyakit lain yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk adalah Filariasis (kaki gajah), Chikungunya dan Encephalitis. Mojokerto termasuk salah satu wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Timur yang endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Indonesia, sehingga perlu  diketahui tentang  beberapa jenis nyamuk yang merupakan vektor dari beberapa penyakit yang melanda wilayah Mojokerto. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis dan distribusi spasial nyamuk di wilayah Mojokerto. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di dua lokasi di wilayah Mojokerto yaitu di Kecamatan Prajurit Kulon, Kota Mojokerto dan Kecamatan Dlanggu, Kabupaten Mojokerto. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei larva nyamuk dan ovitrap. Titik koordinat lokasi pengambilan sampel disimpan menggunakan GPS selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi di Laboratorium Ekologi dan Diversitas Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif untuk menentukan Kelimpahan, Kelimpahan Relatif, Frekuensi, Frekuensi Relatif dan INP (Indeks Nilai Penting). Pola persebaran  nyamuk dianalisis dengan Indeks Morisita. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat lima spesies yaitu Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes laniger, Culex bitaeniorchynchus dan Culex quinquefasciatus. Spesies Aedes aegypti merupakan spesies yang dominan di Kota Mojokerto dengan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) sebesar 70.48% diperoleh dari metode survei larva dan 76.88% diperoleh dari metode ovitrap sedangkan spesies Culex quinquefasciatus merupakan spesies yang dominan di Kabupaten Mojokerto sebesar 59.80 % diperoleh dari metode survei larva dan 89.58 % diperoleh dari metode ovitrap. Pola penyebaran nyamuk berdasarkan perhitungan indeks morisita di wilayah Mojokerto adalah seragam.   Kata Kunci : Distribusi, Komposisi, Mojokerto, Nyamuk
Soil Arthropod Diversity and Composition Inhabited Various Habitats in Universitas Brawijaya Forest in Malang East Java Indonesia Amin Setyo Leksono; Ninda Merisa Putri; Zulfaidah Penata Gama; Bagyo Yanuwiyadi; Anisa Zairina
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

A study on soil arthropod abundance, diversity and composition have been done on November 2016 to March 2017 using pitfall traps. The objective of this study is to analyze variations of the soil arthropod abundance, diversity and composition among different habitats in a university forest.  The study was carried out in Universitas Brawijaya Forest (UBF) Malang, East Java (7°49'S, 112°34'E, 1,200 m in altitude), consisted of four locations: an agroforestry (AF), a gallery forest (GF), the pine stands (PS) and a settlement yard (SY). At each site, a total of 10 traps (5 by 2 rows) were placed systematically at 4-m intervals. Glass cups (10 cm in diameter and 7 cm deep) were buried in the ground during 24 hours. There were 2286 individuals of arthropod collected from all sampling locations. Overall the samples collected consist of 41 families of arthropods. The abundance (mean ± SE) of soil arthropod was highest in PS and the lowest in SY. Statistically, variations in abundance among locations were significant (F = 7.39, p < 0.01). The taxa richness of arthropod was highest in GF and the lowest in SY. Statistically, variations in taxa richness among locations were significant (F = 4.26, p < 0.05).  The diversity was the highest in the GF (1.9 ± 0.1) lowest in the SY (0.74 ± 0.1). Statistically, variations in diversity among study sites were significant (F = 26.73, p < 0.001). In general, scavenger dominated the composition of soil arthropods. The highest proportion of scavenger abundance present in SY was 84.9%, while the lowest in the GF was 29.3%. The highest litter transformer composition in GF was 33.9%, and the lowest in SY was 8%. The highest decomposer in PS was 26.9% and the lowest in AF was 12.9%. The highest predator in AF was 20.7% and the lowest in SY was 1%. Compositions of soil arthropod were affected by environmental factors such as soil temperature and light intensity.
High Potential of Liquid Smoke from Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera) for Biological Control of Rice Bug (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius) Zulfaidah Penata Gama; Rizky Mulyo Adi Purnama; Dewi Melani
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.11

Abstract

Rice bug (Leptocorisa oracorius F) is one of the most dangerous pests for paddy commodities (Oryza sativa) in the world. The use of liquid smoke was popular among local farmers to control rice bug. A coconut shell is the main source for making liquid smoke. This research aims to analyse rice bugs' mortality and antifeedant activity when dipped with coconut shell liquid smoke. The liquid smoke's effectiveness was measured by dipping paddy (5 grams in weight) that is previously soaked with coconut shell liquid for 20 seconds. The liquid smoke was prepared in various concentrations, ranging from 0% as a control; 0.50%; 0.75%; 1%; 1.25% and 1,50%. Observations were made at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test, using SPSS program followed by a 0.05 Tukey test to determine the significance of the rice bug pest mortality. The study resulted that the mortality values from low concentrations to high concentrations were 40%, 46.67%, 60%, 70%, and 80% over seven days. The antifeedant percentage of liquid smoke increased from low concentrations to high concentrations respectively were 10.14%, 15.15%, 31.03%, 46.15%, and 68.88% during seven days. The concentration of liquid smoke that has the highest mortality was 1.50%. In conclusion, 1.50% of liquid smoke showed the highest percentage of mortality and antifeedant activity with 80% and 68.88%, respectively. In the future, it is hoped to develop this model for commercial consumption and reduce reliance on chemicals to control rice bugs. The use of pesticides can do more harm than good, especially to the environmental system.
The Effect of Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L.) on the Mortality Rate of Spodoptera litura Fabricius Larvae and the Level of Damage to Soybean Leaves in Malang, Indonesia: A Greenhouse Simulation Sofia Ery Rahayu; Amin Setyo Leksono; Zulfaidah Penata Gama; Hagus Tarno
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i1.3745

Abstract

Spodoptera litura Fabricius pest control using botanical pesticide from papaya leaves extract (PLE) is an alternative to substitute chemical pesticides. The study aimed to determine the levels of PLE's activity and evaluate the effectiveness of PLE from different altitudes (low and middle lands) and cultivars (Thailand and Indonesian) against the attack of S. litura Fabricius larvae. An experimental study with a randomized block design (n=5) was conducted from December 2020 until April 2021. Each replication used 100 soybean plants and sprayed with 0% or 20% PLE of Indonesian purple cultivar low land (UR-20%), Indonesian purple cultivar middle land (US-20%), Thailand cultivar low land (TR-20%), and Thailand cultivar middle land (TS-20%), respectively and observed at 72 hours after treatment. The results demonstrate that the middle lands contained active compounds slightly higher than the lowlands. The damaged soybean leaves and intensity of soybean leaf damage are highest in control (77% and 63%) and significantly different from the treatment group, 53-60% and 29-41%, respectively. The mortality of S. litura Fabricius larvae in the control group was 11%, and in the treatment group, 47-63%. PLE from different altitudes and cultivars reduce the intensity of soybean leaf damage by S. litura Fabricius larvae.
Pelatihan Budidaya Maggot pada Anak Asuh di Panti Asuhan Muhammadiyah Malang: Maggot Cultivation Training on Foster Child on Muhammadiyah Orphanage, Malang Noer Rahmi Ardiarini; Muhamad Firdaus; Eko Widodo; Zulfaidah Penata Gama; Anang Sujoko
PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 8 No. 4 (2023): PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/pengabdianmu.v8i4.4295

Abstract

The Muhammadiyah Malang Orphanage (PAMMA) is one of the Da'wah movements of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar in the municipality of Malang, in the social sector, through alleviating education and empowering school-aged orphans. One of the empowerment programs is to provide life skills to foster children. PAMMA has land that can be used for fruit and vegetable cultivation, chicken, and fish. However, the cultivation of chicken and fish requires the availability of expensive commercial feed. Maggot is a black fly caterpillar rich in nutrients and protein and can be used as a substitute for chicken and fish feed. The purpose of this activity is training for foster children and orphanage caregivers to cultivate maggots, and the results are used as an alternative to chicken and fish feed. The method of this service activity is in the form of training, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of activities. Maggot cultivation training at the Integrated Waste Disposal Site, Tumpang, Malang district. Maggot cultivation practices are carried out on PAMMA land. Several foster children and orphanages had received training and practiced maggot cultivation. Under caregivers' guidance, foster children have successfully cultivated maggots independently at PAMMA by utilizing organic waste obtained from the scope of the orphanage. Cultivated caterpillars have been used as a substitute for commercial chicken and fish feed. The conclusion is the training on maggot production has been carried out and mastered by the PAMMA brothers and caregivers, and the production has been used as feed for chicken and fish cultivation.
Co-Authors Akhmad Rizali Alfandia, Nurlita Sukma Amin Setyo Leksono Amin Setyo Leksono Amin Setyo Leksono Amin Setyo Leksono Anisa Zairina Anisa Zairina Bagyo Yanuwiadi Bagyo Yanuwiadi Bagyo Yanuwiadi Bagyo Yanuwiyadi Bagyo Yanuwiyadi, Bagyo Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati Dewi Melani Dewi Melani Dicky Wahyudi Dinda Amelia Kusumastuti Eko Widodo Elan Herlina Erma Kusuma Pratiwi Fenti Wahyu Lestari Fitria Karinasari Galih El Fikri Hagus Tarno Jamhari Jamhari Kemal Iqbal, Kemal Lidwina Faraline Triprisila madaniatul islamiyah Melani, Dewi Millah, Najmatul Mufidah Afiyanti Mufti Abrori Muhamad Firdaus Muhammad Firdaus Muhammad Imam Muhammad Nuh Nia Kurniawan Ninda Merisa Putri Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, Noer Rahmi Purnama, Rizky Mulyo Adi Putri, Ninda Merisa Rahmawati, Yunita Fera Rizky Mulyo Adi Purnama Sela Ayu Rohmanita sela ayu rohmanita Setijono Samino Setijono Samino Setyawan, Erlangga Sofia Ery Rahayu Sugiono Sugiono Sujoko, Anang Susanto, Muhamad Azmi Dwi Tri Handayani Kurniati Wenny Bekti Sunarharum