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All Journal JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis Signifikan : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (IJBE) Agro Ekonomi Jurnal Resolusi Konflik, CSR dan Pemberdayaan (Jurnal CARE) Jambura Equilibrium Journal Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia
Ahmad, Fahmi Salam
Departement Of Economics, Faculty Of Economics And Management, IPB University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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Structural Transformation and the Kuznets Hypothesis: Evidence from ASEAN Countries Sembiring, Eunike Novelia; Ahmad, Fahmi Salam
Jambura Equilibrium Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2026): Vol 8. No 1. January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37479/jej.v8i1.34873

Abstract

According to the Kuznets hypothesis, economic development initially leads to higher income inequality, which then tends to decline as structural transformation and factor mobility increase. This dynamic remains particularly relevant for emerging ASEAN economies that are currently undergoing rapid structural changes in their production and employment structures. This study aims to analyze the relationship between economic greenness, economic sector structure, and income inequality in ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. The data used is time series data, with the period adjusted based on the availability of each country. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results show that Kuznets hypothesis is proven in Indonesia and Singapore. In addition, service sector share has a positive and significant influence on income inequality (Gini ratio) in Indonesia in the long run. However, the growing share of the service sector tends to raise inequality in Indonesia, suggesting that structural transformation which is not inclusively directed may widen income gaps despite economic growth.
Co-Authors Alexandi, Muhammad Findi Alla Asmara Dominicus Savio Priyarsono Fazri, Muhammad Heni Hasanah Hermanto Siregar Hutagaol, Manuntun Paruliah Kurniawan Khristianto Meliany, Birka Septy Muhammad Firdaus Probokawuryan, Mutiara Sahara Sahara Sahara Satriani, Rini Sembiring, Eunike Novelia Sibarani , David Richardo Sri Retno Wahyu Nugraheni Sugema, Iman Syamsul Hidayat Pasaribu Syarifah Amaliah Widyastutik Yenni Nur 'Aini