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Beneficial of Bioactive Compound of Rice Bran for Chicken’s Functional Feed cecep hidayat; Elizabeth Wina; Soni Sopiyana
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Rice bran is a feed ingredient as a result of the rice milling process which widely used as an energy source in the feed formulation in the chicken diet. Rice bran contains various nutrients such as oil, protein, carbohydrates (especially starch), beta-glucans, and pectins. Rice bran contains bioactive compounds that have positive effects on the chicken performance and health. Recently, rice bran’s bioactive compounds have been developed as a source of making functional feed. The objective of this study was to review the bioactive compounds in rice bran and their benefits in order to produce chicken’s functional feed. The results of the study showed that rice bran contains oryzanol as an important bioactive compound that has high antioxidant activity. Furthermore, other bioactive compound, lysolecithin, has an ability to reduce cholesterol content in blood, meat and eggs of chicken. Besides, rice bran extract is reported to exert antibacterial activity and has immunomodulator function. It was concluded that the bioactive compounds of rice bran is potential to be used as a substance for making functional feed for chickens.

The Technology of Utilizing Microorganism in Feed to Improve Ruminant Productivity in Indonesia: A Review Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005): DECEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Several different technologies are required to inaintain feed availability, to improve feed quality and to optimize rumen function so that the animal production in Indonesia can be increased. The technology by utilizing microorganism in food has been known for a long time. Utilization of microorganism could be in the forms of 'probiotic' (bacteria, fungi, yeast or their mixtures), fermentation products or extracted products of fermentation process (enzymes). This paper describes several research results that have been published locally in recent years about the utilization of microorganism or its products in ruminant feed. Several pure microorganisms or mixtures of microorganisms have been available commercially and some of them are also produced and developed by the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production. They have been applied for rice straw fermentation, for improving the quality of agricultural by products such as palm oil by products or for improving the rumen function. Biological treatment using microorganism has a good prospect in the future, however, it should be supported by more specific and deeper research about the characteristics of the microorganisms. A standard and feed safety regulation on the use of single or mixture of microorganism is required to be established. Keywords: Microorganism, probiotic, silage, fennentation, ruminant

Utilization of Yeast as Feed Additive to Improve Ruminant Production Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Yeast has been known and used in human life long time ago. Recently, yeast is used as feed additive for ruminant in overseas countries. There are a lot of strains and varieties of yeast but its type of strain or variety for ruminant feed is not mentioned. For ruminant feed, yeast is sold as live-cell yeast or mixture of yeast with its medium growth. Yeast can manipulate rumen by increasing cellulolytic bacteria so that the digestibility increased and consequently improving daily gain. The role of local yeast in improving ruminant production in Indonesia has not been deeply studied even though a good response found in the in vitro result. Key words: Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ruminant, feed additive

Banana Plant as Ruminant Feed Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Banana plant is a very common and very quickly multiplied plant in tropical areas such Indonesia. Its potential usage as animal or ruminant feed in Indonesia has not been deeply studied, whereas in Latin American countries, this plant has been well used as animal feed. The proximate analysis shows that the moisture content is extremely high in pseudostem, which can be a hindrance in intake. The ash content is also very high indicating a very high mineral level in pseudostem. The water fraction, contained high soluble minerals, phenolic compounds and simple sugar compounds, whereas the presence of starch in corm may be used as an energy source. Feeding banana plant usually is mixed with other feedstuff as protein or energy source, therefore banana plant is utilized as roughage substituting grasses. There is a need to look for other potential usage of banana plant, which may be as energy or mineral source or as protein protector. Key words: Banana, ruminant

Characteristics and Applications of Nanoparticles in Manipulation of Livestock Reproductive Hormones Fitra Aji Pamungkas; Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 4 (2015): DECEMBER 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The research on hormone packaged in very small size particles began to develop in recent years. Nanoparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a polymer used as a component of potential hormone carrier as effective drug because of their ability to circulate and to release in a controlled period in the body. This review describes a variety of methods, characteristics and applications of nanoparticles hormones usages for animals. In general, several studies indicated that the formation of the hormone nanoparticles using polymer accompanied by distributing a good and stable of molecular mass, can be used as a carrier component of hormones as well as considering the negative effect.

Benefit of Protected Fat for Improving Production and Reproduction of Ruminant Elizabeth Wina; Susana I W R
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2013): DECEMBER 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Fat or free fatty acid is one of the energy sources which is high density and gives higher energy than any other nutrients. Indonesia has a huge potency for free fatty acid as alternative energy source for ruminant. However, in a certain amount, fat or fatty acid will cause negative effect on the rumen function. Therefore, several technologies to protect fat or fatty acid were developed. In early lactation, dairy cow requires additional energy from high density ingredient without causing any negative effect on rumen function. This paper describes fat metabolism in the rumen and post rumen, technology to protect fat or free fatty acid and the effect of protected fat or fatty acid on nutritional value, production and reproductive performances, carcass quality and milk quality. In conclusion, the utilization of protected fat or fatty acid gives positive effects on productive and reproductive performances. Key words: Fat, fatty acid, protection, metabolism, ruminant

Utilization of Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens), Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and Silkworm (Samia ricini dan Bombyx mori) as Alternative Feed Protein Sources Agustin Herliatika; Dika Permatahati; Yusti Pujiawati; Gresy Eva Tresia; Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 31, No 4 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The insect which contains high protein is potential to be used as an unconventional protein source (UPS) in feed. Production cost of this feedstuff is affordable through utilization of waste as growing media. Moreover, this production helps the environment by reducing the unprocessed waste. This study aims to review the potential use of cricket, black soldier fly (BSF), mealworm, and silkworm as UPS in replacing fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM) in the feed. The insect meal contains relative similar crude protein but higher ether-extract compared to conventional protein sources. The insect meal contains higher tyrosine but lower arginine, histidine, lysine, and tryptophan compared to FM and SM. The chitin content in UPS decreases the digestibility, causing restriction its utilization in the diet. However, it can be used as antibacterial and antifungal in feed, and in ruminant, it can be used to mitigate enteric methane emission. UPS in layer and broiler diet can replace SM, meanwhile, in quail diet, it can replace FM. From different sources, it can be summarised that the potential addition of BSF, cricket, mealworm, and silkworm in the broiler’s diet is 8%DM replacing 100% SM, 5-15%DM replacing 40-100% FM, 5-29,5%DM replacing 3-100% SM, and 7,8%DM replacing 100% SM, respectively. The potential addition of BSF and mealworm in the layer’s diet is 10-15%DM replacing 66-100% SM and 2-5%DM replacing 21% SM, respectively. The potential addition of cricket, mealworm, and silkworm in the quail’s diet is 2-8%DM replacing 25-100% FM, 2,25%DM replacing 25% FM, and 2,08-6,25%DM replacing 26-76% FM, respectively.

Utilization of Jatropha curcas Seed Meal and its Limitation as Feed Ingredient Elizabeth Wina; Susana IWR; Tiurma Pasaribu
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 1 (2008): MARCH 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

One of the alternatives to solve the problem of less fossil energy is to utilize plant as a new source of energy, i.e Jatropha curcas, known as physic nut. This plant has been promoted as a source of energy as its seed contains high level of oil which can be used as biodiesel. The meal produced after pressing the seed will become a by product which contains high level of protein but also contains several anti nutritive factors or toxic compounds. This causes a problem to utilize this seed meal for animal feed. This paper descibes the nutritional quality and anti nutritive factors of jatropha seed meal, detoxification of jatropha seed meal and its utilization as feed ingredient and the problem of its utilization. Jatropha seed meal as a feed ingredient has to go through a combination process of detoxification. There is a need to find a cheap and easy detoxification technology to produce a safe and high nutritional quality of jatropha seed meal for animal. Key words: Jatropha curcas, anti nutritive factors, detoxification, utilization, problem

Processing and Nutritional Value of Corn By-Product as Ruminant Feed Uum Umiyasih; Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Corn is a commodity that can be used as food or feed since in some areas, it sometimes replaces rice as the staple food and is also required as feed ingredient especially for poultry. There are several kinds of by-products produced after corn harvest and from corn based industry. These by-products are very potential to be used as ruminant feed. Nutritional quality of corn by-products varies but is not high enough to be used as a sole diet. To optimize its utilization, by-products quality should be improved and should be supplemented by other feed ingredients. Simple preservation technology of corn by-products should be continously disseminated and done by farmers to provide sustainable feed for their livestock during dry season. Key words: Corn by-products, feed, ruminant

The Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds to Mitigate Enteric Methane in Ruminants and its Application in Indonesia Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012): MARCH 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Worldwide, increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have become a major concern as they are now considered to be the cause of global warming. Several strategies have been planned and taken by different countries including Indonesia to mitigate this situation. Agriculture is considered to be one of major contributors to GHG, especially methane coming from ruminant digestive processes. More than 85% of the methane produced by ruminants comes from enteric fermentation. Several options have been proposed to lower this enteric methane production. This paper describes a review on diet manipulation using feed additives, especially plant bioactive compounds, to mitigate the GHG emission from ruminant livestock. Plant bioactive compounds have been found with various chemical structures. Some of them such as saponin, tannin, essential oils, organosulphur compounds, have been reported to have ability to reduce enteric methane production. Indonesia has many plant resources that have potential as methane reducing agents. Sapindus rarak fruit especially its methanol extract contain saponins which reduce the activity of methanogens in the rumen in vitro, hence reduce methane production (11%). Feeding S. rarak to sheep increased daily weight gain but not that of local cattle. Shrub legumes such as Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala contain tannins which can reduce methanogenesis (3 – 21% methane reduction). Besides tannin, these shrub legumes are a good source of protein. Feeding shrub legumes can be beneficial as a protein source and a methane reducer. Other sources of methane reducing agents have been tested in other countries and some can be applied for Indonesian situation. The strategy to reduce methane by plant bioactive compounds should be developed to be simple and relatively cheap so it will benefit the local farmers. Extraction of these compounds may be expensive, therefore, costs should be considered carefully when proposing to use the extract as a feed additive for livestock raised by small farmers. It is recommended to develop a feeding system for ruminant using tannin containing plants/ legumes, saponin containing plants or other plants. Key words: Bioactive compounds, methane, ruminant

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