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A ZE25A-O3 Sensor-Based Solution for Continuous Ozone Level Measurement in LINAC Environments Nur Khasanah; Lalu Sahrul Hudha; Jamiluddin Jamiluddin; Nevi Ernita; Bunawas Bunawas; I Wayan Ari M; Rinarto Subroto
Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram Vol. 13 No. 4: October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/j-ps.v13i4.16540

Abstract

Abstract Ozone (O₃) generated during LINAC operation can accumulate indoors and pose respiratory risks, yet many facilities lack continuous monitoring. We designed and validated a low-cost, electrochemical sensor platform—ZE25A-O₃ integrated with an Arduino Mega, on-board logging, and a Nextion HMI—for real-time surveillance in a LINAC suite. The sensor was calibrated at 24 °C and 40% RH against 0.5–1.5 ppm standards, yielding slope = 1.045, intercept = −0.04067 ppm, R² = 0.99984, and RMSE = 9.39 ppb, supporting reliable low-ppb quantification. Time series were aggregated into 30-min bins with centered 1-h rolling means to extract diurnal structure while suppressing short-term fluctuations. Field measurements showed a 20–30 ppb background with intermittent spikes exceeding 100 ppb (peaks ~150 ppb). A reproducible daily pattern emerged: late-morning minima (~20–21 ppb) followed by evening enhancement (~26–28 ppb), consistent with ventilation and operational schedule. Average conditions were below the Indonesian workplace limit of 100 ppb, but episodic exceedances motivate real-time alerts and ventilation management. This work demonstrates a practical approach for continuous exposure assessment and data-informed environmental control in radiotherapy facilities.
Rancang Bangun Spin Coater Vakum Chuck Berbasis Mikrokontroler dengan Tuning PID Metode Ziegler-Nichols Bayu Septiawan; Laili Mardiana; Lalu Sahrul Hudha
Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Edisi Januari-Juni 2025
Publisher : Indonesian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Spin coating is a thin-film deposition method that utilizes centrifugal force to produce uniform coatings; however, commercial instruments are expensive and therefore difficult to access for educational laboratories. This study aims to design and develop an ESP32-based spin coater equipped with a vacuum chuck system and motor speed control using a PID algorithm, with parameter tuning based on the Ziegler–Nichols method. The research methodology includes hardware and software design, component selection such as a brushed DC motor XD-3420, KY-003 Hall effect sensor, BTS7960 motor driver, and a vacuum system to hold the substrate. Performance testing was conducted through RPM sensor calibration, determination of optimal PWM frequency, and comparison between conventional control and PID control. The results show that the developed system is capable of reaching a maximum speed of 8500 rpm with a resolution of 0.1 rpm, linearity of 99.94%, and accuracy of 98.72% compared to a tachometer. The optimal operating frequency range of the system is 6000–8000 Hz with a sensitivity of 366.08 rpm/volt. PID control provides the best performance with a response time of 300 ms, an overshoot of 21.14%, and a steady-state error of 42.8 rpm. In conclusion, the proposed spin coater delivers precise and stable speed control, making it suitable for thin-film–based materials research in educational laboratories.
Solution of The Duffing Equation Using Exponential Time Differencing Method Ramadian Ridho Illahi; Marzuki Marzuki; Lalu Sahrul Hudha
Eigen Mathematics Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/emj.v7i1.195

Abstract

To describe the spring stiffening effect that occurs in physics and engineering problems, Georg Duffing added the cubic stiffness term to the linear harmonic oscillator equation and is now known as the Duffing oscillator. Despite its simplicity, its dynamic behavior is very diverse. In this research, the Exponential Time Difference method is introduced to solve the Duffing oscillator numerically. To formulate the ETD method, we were using the integration factors. It is a function which, when multiplied by an ordinary differential equation, produces a differential equation that can be integrated. This method is an effective numerical method for solving complex differential equations, especially equations that have strong non-linearity The ETD method delivers highly accurate numerical solutions for the Duffing oscillator, with minimal discrepancy from the analytical results. Through parameter variation, the ETD method's applicability extends to diverse Duffing oscillator configurations.