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All Journal CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Chimica et Natura Acta Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Asia Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Widya Mahadi Usadha
Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha
Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar
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Effect of Drying Temperature Variation on the Antioxidant Activity Ethanol Extract of Cocoa Bean (Theobroma cacao L.) with ABTS [2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzotiazolin-6-sulphonic acid)] Method Wibawa, Agung Ari Chandra; Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Sanjiwani, Ni Made Sukma; Rahadi, I Wayan Surya; Arandika, I Wayan Wisma
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i4.17409

Abstract

Plants contain chemical compounds that are used as natural medicinal ingredients as antioxidants and have the potential to act as free radicals. Cocoa plants are rich in polyphenols such as flavanols, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against degenerative diseases. The aim of the research is to determine whether variations in drying temperature of cocoa bean ethanol extract (Theobroma cacao L.) affect antioxidant activity. This research is in the form of experimental research carried out in a laboratory. The drying method uses an oven for 8 hours at temperatures of 40, 50, and 60ºC. The dried cocoa beans were extracted using the maceration method using ethanol solvent. Antioxidant analysis in this study used the ABTS [2,2-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazolin-6-sulphonic acid)] method with a microplate reader at a wavelength of 630 nm. The value used to determine antioxidant activity was the IC50 value. All samples BKS 40, BKS 50, and BKS 60 had air contents of 49.34%, 32.7%, and 24.32%. The results of this study prove the antioxidant activity of cocoa bean ethanol extract (BKS 40, 50, and 60) is included in the strong category with IC50 values 86, 88, and 71 μg/mL, respectively. The results prove that temperature does not affect antioxidant activity.
Analisis Angka Lempeng Total Minyak Balur Kombinasi VCO dan Cabai Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) dengan Variasi Suhu Pemanasan Sari, Luh De Cintya Kartika; Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma
Usadha Vol 1 No 3 (2022): Usadha: Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/usadha.v1i3.5520

Abstract

Balur oil combined with VCO and Javanese long pepper is a liquid herbal ingredient obtained from the fruit of the Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) with the addition of coconut oil (Cocos nucifera). This study was conducted to analyze the microbiological quality of VCO and Javanese long pepper combined balur oil to determine the safety of combined VCO and Javanese long pepper balur oil using the Total Plate Count (ALT) method. Balur oil combined with VCO and Javanese long pepper was made into 3 samples with different heating temperatures. Sample 1 is balur oil with a heating temperature of 40°C, sample 2 is balur oil with a heating temperature of 50°C, and sample 3 is balur oil with a heating temperature of 60°C. The results showed that the three samples of balur oil combined with VCO and Javanese long pepper with variations in heating temperature had different total microbial values, namely 3, 0, and 6 CFU/mL. Sample 1 had a total microbial value of 3 CFU/mL, sample 2 had a total microbial value of 0 CFU/mL, and sample 3 had a total microbial value of 6 CFU/mL. The three samples of VCO and Javanese long pepper combination oil had a total safe microbial value because they had not exceeded the maximum allowable microbial contamination limit according to BPOM No. 32 of 2019, namely 107 colonies/mL.
ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS IN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL FRYING AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Karta, I Wayan
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (463.615 KB) | DOI: 10.23887/jstundiksha.v10i1.34452

Abstract

Fatty acid content from virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) group. MCT is stable at very low and high temperatures, and the color does not turn black due to the addition of heat so that it can be developed into beneficial cooking oil for health. Therefore, a study was conducted on the content of fatty acids in VCO after being heated at temperatures of 150, 200, and 250°C for 60 minutes. Analysis of fatty acid content in control VCO(T0), VCO with heating temperatures of 150oC(T1), 200oC(T2), and 250oC(T3) was performed with GCMS QP-2010 Ultra.The results showed that there were differences in levels and types of fatty acids in VCO by treating T0, T1, T2, and T3. At these three temperatures still produce medium-chain saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids are not produced, so that VCO can be utilized as cooking oil that has better stability and benefits for health.
Fitokimia Minyak Trikatu yang Diproduksi dengan Variasi Suhu dan Waktu Digesti secara GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Wibawa, Agung Ari Chandra; Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2023): July
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jstundiksha.v12i2.55313

Abstract

Kasa adalah kondisi klinis yang didefinisikan dengan jelas seperti batuk, dan patofisiologisnya terkait erat dengan mekanisme refleks batuk dalam pengobatan modern. Trikatu adalah ramuan yang mengandung tiga bahan herbal dengan rasa pedas, yaitu maricha (black papper), Peepli (long pepper), dan Sunthi (Ginger). Komposisi dari Trikatu terbukti efektif dalam pengobatan Kasa. Perawatan khas dalam mengatasi gejala bronkitis akut, seperti pneumonia dan asma, terbukti tidak efektif, dan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat menyarankan untuk tidak menggunakan obat batuk dan pilek pada anak di bawah enam tahun. Pengobatan alternatif perlu dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini formula sediaan Trikatu ditransformasikan ke dalam pengobatan Kasa berupa minyak herbal menggunakan VCO, rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roxb.), buah kering cabai jawa (Piper retrofractum), dan buah kering merica hitam (Piper nigrum Linn). Formula minyak Trikatu menggunakan metode digesti dengan variasi suhu dan waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa minyak Trikatu terbentuk akibat variasi suhu dan waktu digesti dengan GC-MS. Senyawa  bioaktif utama yang dihasilkan pada minyak Trikatu dengan variasi suhu dan waktu digesti yaitu octanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, caryophyllene, α-curcumene, dodecanoic acid, zingerone, tetradecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, α-Monolaurin, oleic acid, dan piperine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan waktu digesti berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan senyawa dalam pembuatan minyak Trikatu. Semakin lama waktu digesti yang digunakan dalam pembuatan minyak Trikatu, maka kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh dan jenuh akan semakin meningkat.
Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi serta Toksisitas Senyawa Peristrophine terhadap Reseptor Prostaglandin Sintase 2 (PTGS2) secara In Silico Gunawan, I Putu Windra; Santoso, Puguh; Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Adrianta, Ketut Agus
Usadha Vol 1 No 1 (2021): Usadha: Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang banyak memiliki kasus penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh inflamasi. Rasa sakit atau nyeri sering menjadi penyebab gangguan aktivitas sehari-hari. Inflamasi merupakan suatu respon dari tubuh yang terjadi akibat cedera maupun infeksi. Peristrophine adalah salah satu turunan senyawa antosianin yang berasal dari tanaman magenta (Peristrophe bivalvis L. Merr). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiinflamasi dan nilai LD50 dari senyawa peristrophine secara komputasi. Metode dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara in silico untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kegagalan pada uji in vivo ataupun in vitro. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data makromolekul yang dipakai sebagai reseptor yang didapatkan dari situs web Protein Data Bank (PDB) dengan PDB ID 5IKR menggunakan native ligand asam mefenamat sebagai senyawa pembanding. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah senyawa peristrophine memiliki nilai aktivitas sebesar -6.90 kkal/mol pada asam amino Tyr 385A dengan nilai toksisitas 650,974 mg/kg, sedangkan asam mefenamat memiliki nilai aktivitas sebesar -7.58 kkal/mol dengan nilai toksisitas 595.50 mg/kg. Dari hasil yang didapat, seyawa peristrophine diprediksi memiliki aktivitas farmakologi sebagai antiinflmasi.
OPTIMASI WAKTU PERENDAMAN INFUSED WATER KOMBINASI JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia) DAN DAUN MINT (Mentha piperita L) TERHADAP KADAR VITAMIN C Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika
Usadha Vol 1 No 2 (2022): Usadha: Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

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Abstract

Infused water adalah air yang ditambah dengan potongan buah-buahan dan didiamkan selama beberapa jam sampai sari buahnya keluar, lalu siap dikonsumsi, sehingga memberi cita rasa dan manfaat untuk kesehatan. Salah satu buah-buahan yang digunakan untuk membuat infused water yaitu jeruk nipis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa waktu perendaman yang dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan kadar vitamin C yang optimum dalam infused water kombinasi jeruk nipis dan daun mint. Pembuatan infused water dilakukan dengan cara 10 gr jeruk nipis dipotong dan direndam dalam 100 ml air ditambahkan daun mint didalam toples kaca. Infused water direndam dengan variasi waktu 30,60,90,120 dan 150 menit. Lalu dari masing-masing waktu perendaman tersebut diambil 1 mL sebagai sampel dan diuji dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Kadar vitamin C secara optimum diperoleh pada waktu perendaman jeruk nipis (Citrus aunrantifolia) dan daun mint (Mentha piperita L) dalam infused water selama 90 menit dengan kadar (29.84±42.2)mg/100mg. Apabila buah jeruk nipis direndam lebih lama dari 90 menit maka kadar vitamin C yang didapat akan lebih sedikit karena vitamin C telah mencapai titik jenuh dan mengalami proses oksidasi.
Penentuan Jenis Senyawa Flavonoid pada Isolat Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dalam Fraksi N-butanol dengan Aktivitas Antioksidan Tertinggi menggunakkan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-VIS Wardana, I Made Wisnu; Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Wibawa, Agung Ari Chandra; Sanjiwani, Ni Made Sukma
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 12, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v12.n2.48577

Abstract

Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis senyawa flavonoid pada isolat biji kakao dalam fraksi n-butanol yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH. Sementara itu, pengujian penentuan jenis golongan senyawa flavonoid dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui metode pereaksi geser (NaOH 2M, NaOAc, H3BO3, AlCl3, dan HCl). Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilihat dari nilai AAI. Isolat 1 memperlihatkan nilai AAI sebesar 4,30±0,43 (sangat kuat), isolat 2 sebesar 3,75±0,23 (sangat kuat), isolat 3 sebesar 3,04±0,36 (sangat kuat) dan isolat 4 sebesar 1,35±0,05 (kuat). Hasil penentuan jenis flavonoid menggunakan pereaksi geser diperoleh hasil bahwa isolat 1 merupakan senyawa golongan flavanon atau dihidroflavonol dengan jenis 6,7-dihidroksi flavanon/ dihididroksi dihidroflavonol atau 7,8-dihidroksi flavanon/dihididroksi dihidroflavonol yang terdapat orto dihidroksi pada cincin A dan B.
Analysis Antioxidant of Fractions Cocoa Beans (Theobroma Cacao L.) as Potential Herbal Medicine Wibawa, Agung Ari Chandra; Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Sanjiwani, Ni Made Sukma; Adrianta, Ketut Agus
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 12 No. 4 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v12i4.12548

Abstract

The cocoa seeds of the Gumbrih-Bali region are a natural commodity with great potential for development or processing by local communities. The purpose of this research is to provide information about the antioxidant potential contained in cocoa seeds. Testing the antioxidant capacity in this study uses the Uv-Vis spectrophotometry method at 517 nm wavelengths. Free radical scavanger is measured with control absorption and samples was analyzed with regression curve. The research results proved that the antioxidant (AAI) in the n-butanol fraction show result very strong ability of 4.64 compared to the 0.42 ethyl acetate fraction and 0.46 n-hexane fraction. These results prove that the potential chemical content of cocoa seeds is high in polar solvents (n-butanol fractions) such as flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, this research will be used as a basis for developing natural herbal ingredients such as cocoa which can be consumed in the community to prevent degenerative diseases.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ayurvedic Trikatu Herbal Oil and Identification of Its Phytochemical Constituents Using GC-MS Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda; Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi; Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara; Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha; Erna Cahyaningsih
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jst-undiksha.v14i3.103115

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by chronic inflammation, which can lead to progressive joint dysfunction and disability. Long-term use of conventional pharmacological therapies is often associated with serious side effects, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternative treatments. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of topical Trikatu Herbal Oil (THO) by assessing physiological responses and identifying active compounds through phytochemical analysis and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). This research employed an experimental approach using a post-test only control group design. The study subjects consisted of 24 male BALB/c mice aged 2–3 months, weighing 20–30 g. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model, in which edema volume was measured hourly for four hours using a plethysmometer. Data were obtained from observations of edema volume changes and GC–MS analysis of the bioactive constituents of THO. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests at a 95% confidence level. The results demonstrated that Trikatu herbal oil contains β-caryophyllene and fatty acids that play a role in suppressing inflammatory responses. THO at a 20% concentration exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity, with an edema inhibition percentage of 56% compared to the control group. These findings confirm that Trikatu herbal oil is significantly effective as a topical anti-inflammatory agent. Implicatively, this study provides a scientific basis for the development of safe, natural-based topical herbal therapies with strong potential as alternatives to long-term synthetic anti-inflammatory treatments.
GC-MS Profiling, Antibacterial Activity of Euodia hortensis Leaf Essential Oil: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Analysis Karta, I Wayan; Mudianta, I Wayan; Ika Pramitha, Dewa Ayu; Griya Adi Parta, I Made; Defy Janurianti, Ni Made; Burhannuddin, Burhannuddin
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Edition May-August 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2026.015.02.8025

Abstract

The increasing resistance of acne-associated bacteria necessitates the exploration of alternative antibacterial agents from natural sources. This study evaluated the antibacterial potential of Euodia hortensis leaf essential oil against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus using an integrated in vitro and in silico approach. GC–MS analysis identified menthofuran (47.73%), limonene (18.17%), evodone (17.45%), and viridiflorol (6.58%) as the predominant constituents, with oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as the major chemical classes. Antibacterial activity assessed by disc diffusion assay at 5% concentration showed moderate inhibition, with inhibition zones of 10.75 ± 0.24 mm against C. acnes and 10.60 ± 0.50 mm against S. aureus. Molecular docking analysis based on binding affinity values demonstrated that limonen-10-yl acetate exhibited the strongest interaction with C. acnes lipase (−7.3 kcal/mol), exceeding that of clindamycin (−6.6 kcal/mol), while limonene showed the highest affinity toward tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (−7.0 kcal/mol). Viridiflorol and caryophyllene oxide also displayed favorable binding energies. These interaction patterns support a multitarget antibacterial mechanism involving inhibition of protein synthesis and bacterial virulence factors. Overall, E. hortensis leaf essential oil shows promise as a natural antibacterial candidate for skin infections, although further in vivo, toxicity, and formulation studies are required.
Co-Authors Agung Ari Chandra Wibawa Agung Ari Chandra Wibawa Arandika, I Wayan Wisma Burhannuddin Chandra Wibawa, Agung Ari Debby Juliadi Defy Janurianti, Ni Made Dewi Maharani Indah Sari, Ni Komang Dewi, Kade Ayu Yasinta Dian Pratiwi Erna Cahyaningsih Gde Nyoman Astika Griya Adi Parta, I Made Gunawan, I Putu Windra I Wayan Karta I Wayan Suarsa I WAYAN SUDIARSA I Wayan Surya Rahadi James Sibarani Kade Ayu Yasinta Dewi Ketut Agus Adrianta Kusuma Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Luh Dita Sukriani Maria Malida Vernandes Sasadara Megawati, Fitria Mudianta, I Wayan Ni Komang Gita Sundari Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi Ni Made Suaniti Ni Made Sukma Sanjiwani Ni Nyoman Ayu Kartika Yani Ni Putu Agustini Ari Dewi NI PUTU AYU MIRAH MARIATI Ni Wayan Rias Samidya Ni Wayan Yuliasih Nyoman Budiartha Siada Puguh Santoso puguh santoso, puguh Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda Putu Windra Gunawan Rahadi, I Wayan Surya Samidya, Ni Wayan Rias Sari, Luh De Cintya Kartika Sugiantari, Widiya Wardana, I Made Wisnu Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Yuliasih, Ni Wayan