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All Journal Jurnal Mechanical Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin Turbo : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research (JESR) Sinar Sang Surya: Jurnal Pusat Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin dan Manufaktur

Kemas Ridhuan

Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Author-ID : 2863060

Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics

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PERBANDINGAN PEMBAKARAN PIROLISIS DAN KARBONISASI PADA BIOMASSA KULIT DURIAN TERHADAP NILAI KALORI Kemas Ridhuan; Joko Suranto
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat dan ketersediaan bahan bakar yang menipis memaksa manusia untuk mencari sumber alternative bahan bakar. Oleh karena itu, perlu diadakan suatu penelitian untuk memperoleh bahan bakar alternative yang dapat diperbarui seperti kulit durian, limbah kulit durian yang selama ini tidak termanfaatkan dengan baik, karena karakternya yang sukar terurai sehingga berpotensi menjadi salah satu limbah hayati yang dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Oleh karenanya diperlukan usaha untuk memanfaatkan sampah kulit durian sebagai bahan bakar alternative menggunakan metode pirolisis dan karbonisasi pada waktu penelitian ini dilakukan perlakuan yang sama untuk mengetahui perbedaanya. Pirolisis adalah proses dekomposisi suatu bahan pada suhu tinggi tanpa adanya udara atau dengan udara terbatas, sedangkan karbonisasi ialah proses pembakaran yang dilakukan tanpa titik temperatur tertentu udara yang masuk tidak terbatas, tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses pirolisis dan karbonisasi pada sampah kulit durian terhadap nilai kalori yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kampus II Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pirolisis dan karbonisasi, dalam proses pirolisis dengan menambahkan tabung pitot dan karbonisasi tanpa menggunakan tabung pitot. Hasil penelitian dengan metode pirolisis didapatkan temperatur tertinggi pada pitot sebesar 3980C pada menit ke 90 lamanya bahan bakar habis 90 menit dari 3 kg bahan baku menghasilkan arang 1 kg ( 33,33% ) dan dari 12 kg bahan bakar menyisakan arang 4 kg ( 33,33% ) dihasilkan nilai kalor sebesar 5609,453 Cal/gr, sedangkan pada penelitian dengan metode karbonisasi dihasilkan temperatur pada api sebesar 4430C pada menit ke 90 lamanya bahan bakar habis 90 menit dari 12 kg bahan baku menghasilkan arang 3,5 kg ( 29,16% ) pada proses karbonisasi menghasilkan nilai kalor sebesar 3418,9846 Cal/gr.

PEMANFAATAN KOTORAN SAPI MENJADI BIOGAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA ASTOMULYO KECAMATAN PUNGGUR KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH Dwi Irawan; Kemas Ridhuan; Mafruddin Mafruddin; Riswanto Riswanto; Jepri Juliyanto; Doni Saputra
SINAR SANG SURYA Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Februari 2020
Publisher : UM Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/sss.v4i1.1702

ABSTRAK Sapi merupakan hewan ternak yang cukup besar menghasilkan Metana (CH4) daripada ruminansia yang lain. Oleh karena itu semakin meningkat pertumbuhan peternakan mengakibatkan peningkatnya kontribusi emisi gas CH4 untuk Indonesia, supaya mengurangi dampak emisi gas dari kotoran peternakan perlu dilakukan pengolahan kotoran sapi untuk mengurai kandungan CH4 yang akan mencemari lingkungan. Lampung Tengah sedang menjalankan program kampung ternak dengan target 60 ribu ekor sapi. Dengan program itu akan lebih meningkatkan pertumbuhan sapi di lampung tengah. Hasil sensus pertanian 2013, bahwa Lampung Tengah merupakan kecamatan yang cukup banyak memiliki sapi yaitu sekitar 8327 ekor. Untuk pengabdian kami dilakukan di Desa Astomulyo Kecamatan Punggur Lampung Tengah. Teknologi yang akan kami laksanakan untuk mengurangi emisi gas CH4 adalah pengolahan kotoran sapi menjadi Biogas. Biogas yang dihasilkan dipergunakan langsung oleh warga, dan kami siapkan teknologi pemindahan dari penampungan biogas ke dalam tabung. Selain pembuatan biogas kami juga memodifikasi kandang agar lebih mudah dalam penolahan kotoran sapi menjadi biogas. Karena kebanyakan biogas rumahtangga tidak berjalan karena masyarakat malas mengangkat kotoran menuju digester. Pengolahan Biogas kami lakukan dengan mengaplikasikan penelitian tim dengan penambahan EM4 dan menggunakan sistem kontinyu juga dengan penambahan EM4 sebanyak 10%. Slury yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan biogas kami olah menjadi pupuk organik yaitu pupuk cair dan pupuk padat. Target dan luaran dari penelitian ini adalah, 1 buah digester pembuatan biogas, dan hasil biogas dengan kandungan CH4 lebih tinggi melalui teknologi purifikasi biogas. Merintis usaha pengembangan biogas dan pupuk organik dari slury biogas untuk meningkatan ekonomi mitra. Dengan adanya pengabdian ini harapanya bisa menambah ekonomi warga dengan usaha pupuk organik dan biogas.Kata Kunci : Kotoran Sapi, Biogas, Alat Purifikasi.ABSTRACTCows are animals large enough to produce methane (CH4) than other ruminants. Therefore, increased livestock growth results in an increase in the contribution of CH4 gas emissions to Indonesia, in order to reduce the impact of livestock manure gas emissions, it is necessary to process the cow manure to decompose the content of CH4, which will pollute the environment. Central Lampung is running a cattle breeding program with a target of 60,000 cows. This program will further increase livestock growth in Central Lampung. The 2013 agricultural census results that Central Lampung is a sub-district that has a lot of cows, which is around 8327 heads. For our service, it is performed in the village of Astomulyo, Punggur district, Lampung Central. The technology we will implement to reduce CH4 gas emissions is the processing of cow dung into biogas. The biogas produced is used directly by the residents, and we have prepared the technology to transfer it from the biogas reservoir to the cylinder. In addition to making biogas, we also modified the cage to facilitate the processing of cow dung into biogas. Because most household biogas doesn't work because people are too lazy to carry the dirt to the digester. We process the biogas applying the team's research with the addition of EM4 and using a continuous system also with the addition of 10% of EM4. The sludge produced from our biogas processing is transformed into organic fertilizer, ie liquid fertilizer and solid fertilizer. The goals and results of this research are 1 piece of biogas digester and biogas yields with higher CH4 content through biogas purification technology. Pioneer in the business of developing biogas and organic fertilizer from biogas slurry to improve partner economy. With this service, it is expected to increase the popular economy with organic fertilizers and biogas businesses.Keywords: Cow dung, Biogas, Purification equipment.

REVITALISASI PROSES PRODUKSI KOPI LUWAK BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI Nedi Hendri; Kemas Ridhuan
SINAR SANG SURYA Vol 1, No 1 (2017): AGUSTUS 2017
Publisher : UM Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/sss.v1i1.596

Optimasi kinerja reaktor pirolysis biomassa dengan penambahan pipa udara Kemas Ridhuan; Fajar Khusaini; Ridwan Ridwan
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 11, No 1 (2022): Jurnal TURBO Volume 11 Nomor 1 Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v11i1.2121

The pyrolysis reactor is a tool that functions to decompose organic compounds from biomass materials which is carried out by a heating process without or little air with temperatures ranging from 300-600°C. The results obtained from the pyrolysis reactor process are charcoal and liquid smoke. The existing air will accelerate the process of biomass oxidation, but if there is excess air it will cause combustion of the biomass so that most of it will be oxidized and decomposed into smoke and this will cause less charcoal yield. However, without air, the pyrolysis process will take longer. Therefore, an ideal air requirement is needed so that the effectiveness of this biomass pyrolysis process can be maintained because it will produce optimal charcoal and liquid smoke. The purpose of this research is to find out how many air pipes for the pyrolysis reactor are needed in this combustion process and how long the time and temperature of the pyrolysis process combustion and how much charcoal and liquid smoke are obtained. This research was conducted at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Metro, this study used a pyrolysis reactor with a diameter of 40 cm, height 50 cm, air pipe diameter inch with variations in the number of 1,3 and 5. Using 8 kg of corncob biomass. Straight pipe condenser with 12 mm diameter copper material 3 m long, outer pipe diameter 4 inch. The results showed that the highest pyrolysis temperature in air pipe 5 was 485°C with a pyrolysis process time of 120 minutes and the lowest temperature in pipe 1 was 353°C with a pyrolysis process time of 185 minutes. The results of the most liquid smoke in air pipe 5 are 0.5 liters or 6.25% and the least liquid smoke results are in air pipes 1 as much as 0.32 liters or 4.0% For the highest charcoal yields in air pipes 1 weighing 4 kg or 50% and for charcoal yields at least on air pipe 5 of 3.2 kg or 42.5%. The highest pH level in the air pipe 1 is 3.43 and the lowest level in the air pipe is 3.11.

Pengaruh variasi campuran arang dan biomassa terhadap waktu nyala, temperatur, dan karakteristik briket biopellet menggunakan kompor gasifikasi biomassa Dedi Iskandar; Kemas Ridhuan; Nurlaila Rajabiah
ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin & Manufaktur Vol 2 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Armatur
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Briket biopellet merupakan bahan bakar yang digunakan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil pada pembakaran kompor gasifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui campuran arang dan biomassa yang di variasikan volumenya, kemudian dibentuk biopelet. Metode yang digunakan dengan memvariasikan campuran arang tempurung kelapa yaitu 40 %, 50 %, dan 60%. Jenis biomassa yang digunakan yaitu serbuk gergaji dan sekam padi, untuk diameter kompor bagian lubang atas yaitu 9,5 cm, tinggi 25 cm, bagian dalam 16,8 cm, bagian luar 20 cm. Diameter briket biopellet 5 mm dan 20 % perekat yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian variasi komposisi arang tempurung kelapa berpengaruh terhadap temperatur serta lama nyala api. Temperatur tertinggi 713,2 oC dengan waktu lama nyala api 26 menit terdapat pada campuran arang 60 % dan jenis biomassa serbuk gergaji 40 %. Sedangkan temperatur terendah terdapat pada campuran arang 40% dan sekam padi dengan temperatur 615,9 oC dengan waktu lama nyala api 17 menit. Karakteristik dari briket biopellet yaitu kadar air tertinggi sebesar 7,96 % dari variasi arang tempurung kelapa 40 % jenis biomassa sekam padi 60 %. Kadar abu tertinggi 9,02 % dari variasi arang tempurung kelapa 60 % dan jenis biomassa sekam padi 40%. nilai kalor tertinggi didapatkan dari variasi arang tempurung kelapa 60 % dengan jenis biomassa serbuk gergaji 40 % mencapai 4.571,64 kal/g.

Pengaruh jumlah pipa udara pada reaktor pembakaran pirolisis terhadap hasil arang dan asap cair Fajar Khusaini; Ridwan Ridwan; Kemas Ridhuan; Dwi Irawan
ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin & Manufaktur Vol 2 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Armatur
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Temperatur pirolisis sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil arang dan asap cair juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh jumlah udara yang ada dan banyaknya udara dapat diatur dengan jumlah pipa udara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jumlah pipa udara 1, 3, 5 di dalam reaktor pembakaran pirolisis terhadap temperatur dan waktu pembakaran serta hasil arang dan asap cair. Metode penelitian yaitu merancang, membuat, serta menguji alat pirolisis dengan variasi pipa udara 1, 3, 5 di dalam reaktor berdiameter 1 inch, bahan baku tongkol jagung seberat 8 kg, menggunakan kondensor tipe lurus dan debit air mengalir 40 ml/detik. Dari hasil penelitian, variasi pipa udara berpengaruh terhadap temperatur dan waktu pembakaran serta hasil arang dan asap cair. Temperatur tertinggi reaktor terjadi pada variasi pipa 5 yaitu 485°C selama 120 menit dan temperatur terendah pada pipa 1 yaitu 353 °C selama 185 menit. Variasi pipa udara juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil arang dan asap cair. Hasil asap cair dengan kuantitas tebanyak pada variasi pipa 5 yaitu 0,5 kg dan hasil asap cair paling sedikit pada variasi pipa 1 sebanyak 0,32 kg. Untuk hasil arang terbanyak pada variasi pipa 1 seberat 4 kg dan untuk hasil arang paling sedikit yaitu pada variasi pipa 5 seberat 3,2 kg.

Kajian eksperimental pemakaian Hidrokarbon Musicool 22 sebagai pengganti R 22 untuk mesin pengatur udara AC split terhadap konsumsi listrik Wahyu Setiawan; Lukito Dwi Yuono; Kemas Ridhuan; Nurlaila Rajabiah
ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin & Manufaktur Vol 3 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Armatur
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/armatur.v3i1.1938

The use of synthetic refrigerant R22 has been banned by the government which can cause damage to the ozone layer causing global warming effects. temperature (ΔT°C) of the evaporator during the test time at the time of the study. The method used in this research is to vary the refrigerant R 22 and Musicool 22 with a pressure variation of 60,70,80 Psi, the size of the room studied is 3x4x2,5 m and Split AC Changhong, LG, and Panasonic with 1 PK power. Research results it can be seen that each brand of Split AC has a different effect of electricity consumption, the lowest and highest electricity consumption at a pressure of 60 and 80 Psi. Musicool 22 refrigerant is more energy efficient than R22. It can be seen that each brand of Split AC has the effect of the temperature difference (ΔT°C) of the evaporator, which differs the highest at a pressure of 60 and 80 Psi. Musicool 22 refrigerant is more suitable for LG and Changhong brands.

Pengaruh laju aliran udara dan lubang uap air terhadap kinerja kompor dengan bahan bakar oli bekas Mafruddin Mafruddin; Kemas Ridhuan; Eko Budiyanto; Kurniawan Kurniawan; Muhammad Atiq Mubarak; Neta Bagus Pratama
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 11, No 2 (2022): TURBO : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v11i2.2336

Oil waste produced from motor vehicle lubricants can pollute the environment. One alternative that can be done to prevent environmental pollution is by utilizing waste oil as fuel. Several factors can affect the temperature and quality of combustion, namely the air flow rate and the addition of water vapor in the combustion process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the air flow rate and the number of steam holes on the temperature and efficiency of the stove with used oil fuel. The research method used was experimental by making and testing stoves with waste oil as fuel and adding water vapor to maximize combustion results. Variations in the air flow rate are 9 m/s, 10 m/s, and 11 m/s and variations in the number of water vapor holes are 8, 9 and 10 pieces. From the research results, it was found that the air flow rate and the number of holes had an effect on the flame, temperature and quality of combustion. The highest temperature is 605.6℃ and the highest stove efficiency is 10.91% obtained with an air flow rate of 10 m/s and 10 steam holes.

Analisa proses pirolysis dengan variasi jumlah tabung pembakaran terhadap Karaktristik hasil bio-oil Kemas Ridhuan; Edi Winarno; Dwi Irawan
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 11, No 2 (2022): TURBO : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v11i2.2347

Bio-oil is a blackish liquid fuel derived from biomass such as corn cobs, rice husks and other biomass such as cocoa shells. The organic acid content in bio-oil gives bio-oil acidic properties. Bio-oil can be obtained in the pyrolysis combustion process, using a combustion tube. The number of tubes used can affect the yield characteristics of bio-oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of bio-oil bio-oil produced by varying the number of combustion tubes in the pyrolysis process. Such as pyrolysis time, amount of bio-oil, temperature and content of bio-oil. This research method utilizes cocoa shell biomass waste to turn into bio-oil with a pyrolysis process, namely by varying the number of combustion tubes, namely one tube, two tubes and three tubes with a diameter of one tube 27.74 cm, two tubes 19.6 cm and three tubes 16 cm with the same cylinder volume of 18.7 cm3, by carrying out the prolysis process, namely putting the cocoa shell waste into the combustion tube and closing it. Then the combustion tube is inserted into the pyrolysis reactor and then closed and then burned. From the results of the research, the results of bio-oil in a single tube of raw material were 130 ml with a processing time of 113 minutes and bio-oil characteristics, a calorific value of 2177,464 cal/g, a viscosity of 1,574 CPs, and a pH of 4.77. Whereas in the second raw material tube, there were 80 ml with a processing time of 105 minutes and specifications for bio-oil, a calorific value of 2071,151 cal/g, a viscosity of 1,780 CPs and a pH of 4.96. While the three raw material tubes were 50 ml with a processing time of 100 minutes, and bio-oil specifications, calorific value 1983,950 cal/g, viscosity 2,626 CPs and pH 5.42.

Comparison of Types and Size of Biomass on Pirolysis Combustion Toward The Results of Bio-Charcoal and Liquid Smoke Kemas Ridhuan; Dwi Irawan; Rahmady Setiawan
Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lampung Jl. Soemantri Brojonegoro No.1 Bandar Lampung, Indonesia 35141

Biomass is a renewable carbon source and can be processed into gas fuels, liquid and solid fuels. Biomass has several types with different grain sizes. Biomass can be converted to other forms of energy by combustion pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic matter through a heating process at high temperatures with little or no oxygen. The results of the pyrolysis process in the form of bio-charcoal and liquid smoke. The purpose of this research was to determine the comparison of types and sizes of biomass in pyrolysis combustion with characteristics of bio-charcoal and liquid smoke. This research method uses rubber shell biomass waste, green coconut husk and rice husk. Biomass is burned by slow pyrolysis in the reactor with biomass fuel. Combustion in reactors and pitot tubes containing biomass. Measured temperature, time, amount of biomass, bio-charcoal and liquid smoke and the heating value of bio-charcoal. The research results obtained the heating value of rubber shell bio-charcoal at 6661.55 cal / gr, bio-charcoal yield of 2.3 kg, liquid smoke yield of 0.242 kg, green coconut husk biomass heating value amounted to 5388.56 cal/gr, the yield of 1.8 kg of bio-charcoal, the result of liquid smoke of 0.308 kg. and rice husk biomass obtained the heating value of 3626.48 cal/gr with a bio-charcoal yield of 1.3 kg resulting from liquid smoke of 0.284 kg. Keywords: Combustion, Pyrolysis, Liquid Smoke, Charcoal, Biomass

Co-Authors Ahmad Sukamto Alfi Al Rasyid Andi Refai Anggara, Bahtera Dedi Iskandar Deva Agus Setiawan Doni Saputra Dwi Irawan Edi Purwanto Edi Winarno Eko Budiyanto EKO BUDIYANTO Eko Nugroho Ervan Septa Darma Fajar Khusaini Fendi Firmansyah Firmansyah, Fendi Harnowo Supriadi Jepri Juliyanto Joko Suranto Juni Ismanto Juniawan, I Gede Angga Kurniawan Kurniawan Lukito Dwi Yuono Mafruddin Mafruddin Mafruddin Mafruddin Mafruddin Mafruddin Muhammad Atiq Mubarak Nedi Hendri Neta Bagus Pratama Nurlaila Rajabiah Rahmady Setiawan Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Ridwan Riswanto Riswanto Rizki Inthifawzi Sepit Adya Putra Sulistiyo, Danang Suraya Suraya Surono, Bambang Untung Surya Dharma, Untung Surya Wahyu Setiawan Wahyudi, Tri Cahyo Yudistira Yudistira Yulita Zanaria, Yulita

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